Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme and amino acid (a.a) patterns were evaluated in comparison to several other biochemical parameters for liver and renal function with the objective of clarifying the differential diagnosis of hepatic disorders and predicting the outcome of schistosomal infection in Egyptian patients. Patients examined included those with complicated hepatic disorders and others with different stages of schistosomal infestation, hepatoma or bladder cancer, in addition to a normal control group. Several biochemical parameters appeared to be useful in establishing consistent differences or similarities between the studied groups. Examples are; elevated serum AST/ALT ratio and methionine content in chronic schistosomiasis, elevated serum urea/creatinine ratio and leucine content in all schistosomal patients and extremely high levels of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the urine of non-schistosomal bladder cancer patients. In addition, characteristic LDH isoenzyme profiles distinguish between the studied groups, in particular separating chronic schistosomiasis from schistosomal bladder cancer and hepatoma from other hepatic disorders.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and amino acid patterns in several schistosomal and non-schistosomal disorders as compared to other biochemical parameters. 887 15

Glycyrrhizin (GL) is widely used in Japan as a therapeutic agent for chronic active liver diseases. However, its action on hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. To clarify its effect, mice treated with diethylnitrosamine (NDEA) with or without GL were analyzed. Five-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups, GL (n=50) and C (n=47). Mice in the GL group intramuscularly received 2 mg of GL 3 days a week, and mice in the C group received the same volume of saline in the same way. After 2 weeks, the mice were treated with an i.p. injection of 75 mg/kg body wt of NDEA weekly for 3 weeks and 100 mg/kg body wt of NDEA weekly for the following 3 weeks. Thirty additional mice that did not receive NDEA treatment were divided into two groups, GC (n=15) and SC (n=15). They received GL or saline, respectively. Mice in the 4 groups were killed every 5 weeks after the last injection of NDEA from 7 weeks to 32 weeks. Liver function tests such as AST and albumin were significantly improved in the GL group compared with the C group (P < 0.05, each). Although liver nodules appeared in the C group at 22 weeks, they were not observed until 32 weeks in the GL group. At 32 weeks, the mean number of liver tumors, composed of adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the GL group was 0.71, which was significantly decreased compared with 1.64 of the C group (P < 0.05). The mean number of HCC in the GL group was 0.29/liver, which was lower than 0.82/liver in the C group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of HCC at 32 weeks was 64% in the C group and 21% in the GL group (P < 0.05, C versus GL group). Our results suggest that GL treatment inhibits the occurrence of HCC.
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PMID:Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by glycyrrhizin in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. 993 50

We previously reported that in vitro hypoxic condition enhanced VEGF level and its receptor expression in hepatic cancer cell line, HepG2. Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) therapy is one of the vasculo-occlusive and hypoxic challenges to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we examined the level of VEGF in sera of patients with HCC who underwent TAE during the course of the treatment. Thirty-eight patients with HCC and hepatitis C virus-positive cirrhosis were studied. Peripheral blood samples were taken before and 1, 3 and 7 days after TAE with informed consent. The serum levels of VEGF as well as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), another hepatic remodeling factor, were measured. The molar ratio (BTR) of serum branched chain amino acid (BCAA) to tyrosine (Tyr), the serum levels of AST, ALT and LDH were also examined. Although the level of AST, ALT and LDH reached the peak value within 1 day after TAE, VEGF level increased significantly 7 days later. On the other hand, there were no significant alterations in the levels of HGF and BTR during the course of TAE. Although the level of HGF was significantly correlated with the level of VEGF before TAE, this correlation was no more observed after TAE. These data collectively suggest that VEGF may be secreted in response to clinical hypoxic intervention, TAE, independent of HGF or altered amino acid metabolism. VEGF may play a role as a sensitive marker for tumor ischemia.
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PMID:Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in the course of transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. 1033 62

A novel human DNA virus, TTvirus (TTV), was identified from a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. It is thought to be a new hepatitis virus, but the clinical significance of this virus is uncertain. We investigated the frequency of TTV viremia by PCR in 39 non-B, non-C hepatitis (NBNC) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and clinical features of these patients. TTV viremia was detected in 20 (51.3%) of 39 NBNC hepatitis patients with HCC. Liver cirrhosis (LC) were found in 11 (55%) of 20 TTV-positive patients and 16 (84%) of 19 TTV-negative patients (p < 0.05). The levels of AST, LDH, LAP, gamma GTP in TTV-positive patients were significantly higher than those in TTV-negative patients (p < 0.05). (AST: 58 +/- 26 vs 42 +/- 23 IU/l, LDH: 468 +/- 127 vs 366 +/- 123 IU/l, LAP: 339 +/- 242 vs 206 +/- 80 IU/l, gamma GTP: 207 +/- 207 vs 105 +/- 107 IU/l) These results suggest clinical differences between TTV-positive and TTV-negative patients in NBNC hepatitis patients with HCC.
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PMID:[Detection of TT virus (TTV) in non-B, non-C hepatitis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and clinical features of these patients]. 1039 Oct

The effect of dietary administration of cholic acid on tumorigenesis in the liver was investigated in male Fischer-344 rats after carcinogenic initiation by diethylnitrosamine (DEN); progression of liver tumors was examined in the rats fed 0.4% cholic acid-containing diet (CA group) and the rats fed standard diet (C group) at 15, 20 and 25 weeks after administration of DEN. The total bile acids and cholic acid in serum of CA group were 150 nmol/ml and 117 nmol/ml, being 31-fold and 51-fold higher than those in C group (p<0.0001, each). Serum AST and ALT were significantly higher in CA group than in C group at 15 weeks (p<0.01). Serum ALP was significantly higher in CA group than C group at each time point (p<0.01, each). Liver tumors, whose histology was hepatocellular carcinoma, developed at 15 weeks in both CA and C groups. However, tumor volume and tumor weight were significantly increased in CA group, compared to those in C group at each time point (p<0.001, p<0. 001, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells in CA group at each time point was significantly lower than C group (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05). The percentage of bcl-2 positive tumor cells in C group at 20 weeks was 1.88+/-2.59%. However, it dramatically increased to 34.00+/-13.67% in CA group (p<0.0001). It was also higher in CA group than in C group at 15 and 25 weeks (p<0.05 and p<0.01). In addition, the bax-positive cells were higher in CA group than in C group at 20 weeks (p<0.05). These data suggest that oral administration of cholic acid promotes liver tumorigenesis initiated by DEN through reducing apoptosis mediated by overexpression of bcl-2.
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PMID:Oral administration of cholic acid promotes growth of liver tumors initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats. 1040 35

beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (beta1,4-GT 1) is localized both in the Golgi complex where it catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to terminal N-acetylglucosamine forming Galbeta1 --> 4GlcNAc structure, and on the cell surface where it serves as an adhesion molecule. It has previously been reported that the expression of beta1,4-GT 1 was cell-cycle-specific, regulated by cell growth. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) could regulate cell G1/S phase transition and modulate cell growth in many types of cells. In this study, we introduced the antisense-TGF-beta1 into SMMC-7721 cell, a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, for blocking its intrinsic TGF-beta1 expression, and changing its cell-cycle, and then analyzed the gene expression of beta1,4-GT 1 together with the beta1,4-GT activity. The result showed that the antisense-TGF-beta1 transfected SMMC-7721 cells (AST/7721) were growth enhanced, with more cells in S phase and less cells in G2/M phase compared with the mock transfected cells (pcDNA3/7721). At the same time, it was found that the gene expression of beta1,4-GT 1 in AST/7721 was decreased to one fifth that of pcDNA3/7721, and the cell surface beta1,4-GT activity was reduced to one fifth of the control, while the total activity of beta1,4-GT was decreased to one half that of the control. The results indicate that suppression of TGF-beta1 expression resulted in change of cell-cycle together with the decreased gene expression of beta1,4-GT 1 and beta1,4-GT activity in human hepatocarcinoma cells.
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PMID:Effect of suppression of TGF-beta1 expression on cell-cycle and gene expression of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 in human hepatocarcinoma cells. 1089 33

Background/Aim: Hepatic venography with a positive-contrast medium has been reported as a method for evaluating liver disease. However, the contrast medium used in this method provides insufficient portal vein observation and may cause severe liver injuries. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)), a negative-contrast medium, may be able to depict the portal vein system with minimal hepatic toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and side-effects of balloon-occluded hepatic venography with CO(2) (CO(2) venography) and to evaluate the correlation between retrograde portogram and liver function in patients with cirrhosis. Subjects and methods: The subjects consisted of 23 biopsy-proven cirrhotic patients (male:female, 16:7; age, 58+/-12 years, range 34-80). The causes of cirrhosis were alcohol intake in ten, HCV infection in ten, HBV infection in one, primary biliary cirrhosis in one and Budd-Chiari syndrome in one. Of these patients, six were complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CO(2) venography was performed with an occlusion balloon catheter, and 25 ml of CO(2) was infused. CO(2) portograms were scored as follows: 0, no visualization of portal veins; 1, visualization of peripheral portal branches; 2, unilateral first portal branch; 3, bilateral first portal branches; 4, main portal vein; 5, left gastric vein, superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), cardiac functions, biochemical analysis, blood gas analysis and oxygen (O(2)) saturation monitoring were measured simultaneously. Arterio-portography was also performed. To evaluate the usefulness of CO(2) venography in patients with HCC accompanied by portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), three patients were also examined. Results: No significant changes in ALT, AST, O(2) saturation or blood gas data were observed after CO(2) venography. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between CO(2) portogram scores and Child-Pugh scores (r=0.68, P=0.003). The correlations between CO(2) portogram scores and HVPG, and the forms of gastroesophageal varices in patients without PVTT and major shunts were not significant. The CO(2) portogram score was significantly higher in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis than in those with HCV-positive cirrhosis (P=0.04). Cavernous transformation and peripheral portal branches were demonstrated in patients with HCC accompanied by PVTT. These findings could not be observed by arterio-portography. Conclusion: CO(2) venography to obtain retrograde portogram is a safe and useful method for evaluating the portal vein system and liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Evaluation of balloon-occluded hepatic venography with carbon dioxide for portography and correlation between retrograde portogram and liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. 1105 28

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a pesticide used worldwide in industrial and domestic applications. It is used extensively as biocide and wood preservatives. Metabolic studies carried out in rodents and human liver homogenates have indicated that PCP undergoes oxidative dechlorination to form tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ). Free radical catalyzed tissue injury is thought to play a fundamental role in human disease. In the present study, we examined the effects of PCP and TCHQ on the induction of lipid peroxidation and liver injury in rats. In addition, the cytotoxic dose, cell death mechanisms and related gene expressions induced by PCP and TCHQ were also determined for human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). The results indicated that more toxic effects could be observed both in rats and human hepatoma cell line treated with TCHQ than its parent compound, PCP. Oxygen species may be involved in the mechanism of TCHQ intoxication since the urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and AST, ALT activities can be induced by TCHQ and attenuated by vitamin E treatment. Apoptosis features were found in cells treated with TCHQ but not PCP. TCHQ-induced cell damage may issue signals for the induction of HSPs, the decrease of the bcl/bax protein ratio and the decrease of CAS gene, whereas the PCP-induced damage may not.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats and human hepatoma cell line induced by pentachlorophenol and its major metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone. 1143 22

US-guided puncture is the simplest and most popular method in the RFA treatment for HCC. However, depending on the location of tumors, it is often difficult to detect them by US. We report here the utility of CT-guided RFA for the treatment of HCC. We performed CT-guided RFA for 27 nodules in 21 patients with HCC from July 1999 to June, 2001. We used the LeVeen Needle Electrode made by Boston Company and the Cool-tip type electrode made by Radionics Company. We judged the effects of the treatment by dynamic CT within 7 days after RFA. We were able to accomplish the treatment for all patients with the exception of one case who developed severe pain during RFA. We experienced transient increases of AST/ALT in a few cases, subcutaneous emphysema in one case, pleural effusion and ascites in two cases, but conservative treatments were effective for all cases. US-guided puncture was especially useful for the treatment of the tumors localized below the diaphragm that were hardly detectable by US.
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PMID:[Usefulness of CT-guided RFA for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 1170 86

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary tumor complicating liver disease, associated with cirrhosis in 80-90% of the cases. A kidney transplant recipient with chronic B and C viral hepatitis was admitted because of general malaise, renal function impairment and positive AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase tests, and very high alpha-fetoprotein levels. Ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and renal failure developed. A CT showed multiple liver masses. Renal failure required hemodialysis. The patient died 17 days after the initial symptoms with hepatic encephalopathy. A postmortem liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This report, as well as a few others, shows the accelerated evolution of chronic viral hepatitis in kidney transplant patients and questions the convenience of kidney transplantation and the adequate follow up in chronic viral hepatitis.
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PMID:[Fatal acute hepatic failure with hepatocarcinoma presentation in a patient with renal transplant with asymptomatic chronic B and C hepatitis]. 1172 27


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