Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intra and extracellular localization of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been studied by an indirect peroxidase labeled antibody method using 12 cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With light microscopic observation, positive immuno-staining for AFP was observed in 6 out of 12 cases and demonstrated as granular or diffuse deposits in the cytoplasm of neoplastic hepatocytes. In electron microscopic studies, 8 cases showed the positive immuno-staining for AFP in the neoplastic hepatocytes. Intracellular antigen was well circumscribed within certain cell organelles with the positive immuno-staining for AFP being observed in perinuclear space, cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi complexes, and secretory vesicles. In addition, the positive immuno-staining for AFP was observed in bile canaliculus-like space in most cases with increased levels serum AFP and in some cases which showed normal levels of serum AFP. Furthermore, the positive immuno-staining for AFP was also observed in intercellular, Disse's-like and sinusoid-like spaces, and micropinocytotic and lysosome-like vesicles in the endothelial cells in a few cases which showed excessively high value of serum AFP.
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PMID:An immuno-electron microscopic study on intra and extracellular localization of alpha-fetoprotein in human hepatocellular carcinoma. 244 59

A sensitive procedure involving lectin affinity electrophoresis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was established. AFPs electrophoresed on lectin-containing gels were blotted on nitrocellulose membrane which was precoated with the specific antibody to AFP and stained with peroxidase-labeled anti-AFP antibody. This method could detect as little as 4 micrograms/l of purified AFP dissolved in buffer, or 50 micrograms/l in serum specimens. A number of patients with liver disease have been followed for long periods in Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo. Serum specimens were collected serially and stored frozen. We have reinvestigated retrospectively 6 series of serum specimens by the lectin-immunoblotting technique and found 3 cases that revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma-specific AFP variant at a very early stage, in advance of any other evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma by clinical examination.
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PMID:Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with lectin electrophoresis of serum alpha-fetoprotein. 245 97

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) synthesis in non-malignant liver tissue of 34 patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, some of whom also had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), was studied by light and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry using peroxidase-labeled anti-human AFP. Simultaneously, the serum level of AFP was measured in these patients by radioimmunoassay. AFP-positive cells were identified in non-malignant liver tissue of 7 patients with elevation of serum AFP. AFP was demonstrated in several hepatocytes which were clustered in hepatic lobules, and also in some bile ductular cells which were distributed in the periphery of portal tracts. In an immunoelectron microscopic study of AFP-positive hepatocytes, dense reaction products of anti-AFP were localized in the membranes and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER), perinuclear space (PNS) and Golgi apparatus. The prominent feature of AFP-positive hepatocytes was abundant r-ER encompassing many mitochondria. As to AFP-positive bile ductular cells, they had scanty cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic organelles and were surrounded by basement membrane. AFP was focally localized in the r-ER of such bile ductular cells. These observations suggest that AFP can be produced by malignant and non-malignant liver cells and that in non-malignant liver tissues, AFP can be produced by two distinct cell types; bile ductular cells and hepatocytes themselves.
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PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic observation of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in human non-malignant liver tissues using immunoperoxidase methods. 246 Mar 91

An antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique was developed for the analysis of sugar chains of serum alpha-fetoprotein in various liver diseases. The anti-'alpha-fetoprotein'-IgG was coated on a microtiter plate and then treated with periodic acid. A serum sample was added to the plate and then a 'peroxidase'-conjugated lectin was added. The amount of lectin bound to the sugar chain of the 'alpha-fetoprotein' was estimated from the 'peroxidase' activity. The 'peroxidase' activities of 4 different lectins, LCA, Con A, LCA and EPHA, were compared. The LCA/'wheat germ agglutinin' activity ratio and LCA/EPHA activity ratio were increased in liver diseases and LCA/'wheat germ agglutinin' ratio showed a statistically significant difference between the chronic hepatitis and the liver cirrhosis groups (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, when serum samples were pretreated with sialidase, a statistically significant difference was observed in the LCA/EPHA and LCA/Con A ratios between the chronic hepatitis and the hepatoma groups (p less than 0.05). These results indicated that low sialylation at the non-reduced end of the sugar chains of 'alpha-fetoprotein' occurs in liver cirrhosis and that high fucosylation at the reduced end of N-acetylglucosamine residue of 'alpha-fetoprotein' occurs in hepatomas.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein antibody-lectin enzyme immunoassay to characterize sugar chains for the study of liver diseases. 246 50

A case of primary gall bladder tumor with high level AFP were demonstrated, which showed hepatocellular carcinoma like pattern with trabecular proliferation histologically, positive AFP stain of cancer cells by a peroxidase conjugated antibody method immunohistochemically. This case was no metastasis with liver and lymph nodes.
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PMID:[A case of gall bladder cancer with high level alpha-fetoprotein]. 247 98

The receptors of peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) were localized in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic bile ducts and normal, cirrhotic and pericarcinomatous liver using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. It was found that epithelial cells of normal bile ducts had many UEA-I receptors, fewer DBA receptors and no PNA receptors. The positive rates of PNA, UEA-I and DBA receptors in 18 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma were 88.9%, 61.1% and 33.3% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in hepatocellular carcinoma (16.0%, 4.0% and 4.0% respectively). Hepatocytes in normal, cirrhotic and pericarcinomatous liver had no receptors for these three lectins. It is suggested that lectin receptor distribution in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma is obviously different from that in normal bile duct cells and in hepatocellular carcinoma, and might be used as an auxiliary index in its clinical diagnosis.
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PMID:Characteristics of the distribution of lectin receptors in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. 247 21

Previous reports indicate that human hepatocytes do not express class I and class II MHC antigens. Our analyses on 10 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines by immunofluorescence tests and RIA, demonstrate that all the human HCC cell lines tested express class I MHC antigens and among them, three poorly differentiated human HCC cell lines also express class II MHC antigens. Results of immunoprecipitation and/or Western blotting experiments indicate similarity in the chemical nature of both the class I and class II MHC antigens expressed by the human HCC cell lines and by a human B lymphoblastoid cell line Raji. Furthermore, a new variant form of class I antigen was detected in some of these HCC cell lines. Immunohistochemical studies of HCC tissues using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining method indicated that class I and class II antigens were detectable in 7 out of 11 and 3 out of 11 HCC tissues from patients, respectively. The availability of MHC class I antigen-positive cultured HCC cell lines, including the poorly differentiated lines that also express MHC class II antigen, has provided us with interesting models to study the relationship between expression of MHC antigen and transformation and differentiation of human hepatocytes. These studies will also allow us some insight into the role of MHC class I and class II antigen in the immunosensitivity and immunogenicity of HCC cells to the host-immune response.
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PMID:Expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility antigens on human hepatocellular carcinoma. 253 98

Monoclonal antibodies were used in one step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (one step sandwich EIA) for human serum immunoreactive type IV collagen. The one step sandwich EIA using either polystyrene ball or microplate was characterized by carrying out two immunoreactions simultaneously, type IV collagen reacting with both a monoclonal antibody as a solid phase and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody (Fab') against human type IV collagen as a conjugate. Sensitivity of one step sandwich EIA system by using either polystyrene ball or microplate was 0.22 ng per tube or 0.04 ng per well for type IV collagen, and linearity was obtained between 0.22-40 ng/tube or 0.04-20 ng per well, respectively. Both methods gave reproducible quantitative analysis of immunoreactive type IV collagen levels in the sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and patients with liver cirrhosis, which were apparently higher than the levels in the sera of healthy subjects. Protein immunoblotting shows that the immunoreactive type IV collagen trapped in our present one step sandwich EIA system was not the 7-S and NC1 domains of type IV collagen.
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PMID:One step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human type IV collagen using monoclonal antibodies. 254 37

Aberrant proto-oncogene expression has been implicated in hepatic cell proliferation, transformation and carcinogenesis using a rat model. To investigate the role of ras p21 product expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we have localized ras p21 in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded normal and abnormal livers utilizing the avidin-biotin peroxidase method and a monoclonal antibody to ras-gene product p21. A semi-quantitative estimate of p21 expression was performed by serial dilutions of primary antibody. While low dilutions of anti-p21 stained normal hepatocytes, higher dilutions failed to react with normal hepatocytes and these dilutions were used for assessment of p21 enhancement. Increased p21 expression of ras oncogene in HCC occurs in fibrolamellar carcinomas and other better differentiated HCC. Tumor dedifferentiation is associated with an attenuation of p21 expression. Liver adjacent to HCC exhibits p21 enhancement, in contrast to liver surrounding metastatic carcinoma, suggesting increased p21 expression in HCC induction.
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PMID:ras oncogene p21 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. 255 Jun

Ricinus communis agglutinin I(RCAI) receptors in 25 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 6 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma were immunohistochemically localized by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In the meantime, RCAI receptors in normal and cirrhotic liver tissues were also observed as controls. The results showed that there were many irregularly distributed RCAI receptors in HCC in forms of dispersed dots, even or localized lumpy stainings. The receptors in most intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas were distributed in a polar form. However, the distribution of RCAI receptors in hepatocytes of normal, cirrhotic and precancerous liver tissues was band-like. It is suggested that the distribution of RCAI receptors in the cells might be helpful to the diagnosis of hepatoma and to the differentiation of benign from malignant hyperplasia.
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PMID:[A study of ricinus communis agglutinin I receptors in liver cancer tissues]. 255 38


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