Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was examined in a human hepatoblastoma cell line, Hep G2, which does not contain hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and in the cell line 2.2.15, which was formed by the transfection of Hep G2 cells with the complete HBV DNA, to study the possibility that HBV and TGF-alpha could function as co-factors in hepatocarcinogenesis. Northern blot hybridization of RNA extracted from these cell lines, with densitometric analysis, revealed expression of the TGF-alpha gene in the transfected cells at a level three times higher than in the nontransfected cells. Staining of the cells using a monoclonal antibody to TGF-alpha and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method revealed a much higher intensity of TGF-alpha staining in the transfected cell line. These findings show that the presence of HBV DNA appears to cause a significant up-regulation of the TGF-alpha gene. This effect on the TGF-alpha gene may be a mechanism by which HBV contributes to the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in some patients.
 ...
PMID:Increased expression of transforming growth factor alpha after transfection of a human hepatoblastoma cell line with the hepatitis B virus. 132 1

Phenotypic expression of sialylated Lewis(x) antigen by means of the monoclonal antiserum SNH3 was studied in 87 livers, which included normal and steatotic livers and livers with chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, allograft rejection, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, cirrhosis of various causes (autoimmune, alcoholic, viral, drug induced, Wilson's disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis). The biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method was used on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was not demonstrated in normal livers. Hepatocellular expression in a diffuse or perinodular honeycomb pattern was seen in cirrhosis, irrespective of cause. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was also observed in hepatocytes around metastatic carcinoma in the absence of inflammation, cirrhosis, or regeneration. Some bile ductules, most likely ductular hepatocytes, but not bile ducts, expressed sialylated Lewis(x) antigen. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was seen diffusely in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, focally in other hepatocellular carcinomas, and either focally or diffusely in cholangiocarcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Expression of sialylated Lewis(x) antigen in chronic and neoplastic liver diseases. 135 99

Immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was performed to study the production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue specimens which were obtained surgically. The relationship between staining for AFP and serum AFP levels or pathological findings was examined. The prognosis of the patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatic resections was studied with respect to the staining for AFP in their tumors. The mean serum AFP level in patients with positive AFP staining was significantly higher than in those with negative AFP staining. No significant relationship was found between AFP positivity and tumor size, tumor encapsulation, degree of vascular invasion, or the histological differentiation grade of the tumor. The patients with AFP-positive carcinomas had a poorer prognosis than did those with AFP-negative carcinomas (5-year survival rate of AFP-positive and negative groups were 26.7% and 56.5%, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein production by hepatocellular carcinoma is prognostic of poor patient survival. 137 75

A constant supply of blood-borne glucose is vital to cerebral metabolism. Although transport of glucose into the nervous tissue, effectively separated from the blood by a functional barrier (the blood-brain barrier, BBB), is one of the essential properties of the cerebral endothelium, little is known about its metabolic regulation and developmental expression in the BBB. In this study we provide evidence by immunocytochemistry that the pattern of the brain endothelial glucose transporter in rat brains (BBB-GT), immunologically homologous with the human hepatoma (G2), human erythrocyte transporter (Glut 1), changes with BBB maturation. While the neuroepithelium at embryonic days 12 and 13 shows a high incidence of immuno-detectable BBB-GT, vascularisation of the cerebral anlage and subsequent development of vascular tightness, as evidenced by intravascularly applied horseradish peroxidase and fluorescinated dextrans, is accompanied by a significant reduction of BBB-GT expression in neuroepithelial cells and confinement of BBB-GT expression to the cerebral endothelium. Immunoblots and Northern blots of embryonic brain homogenates corroborate this change in BBB-GT expression in the brain anlage at the time of BBB maturation. However, low molecular weight glucose transporters, presumed to be of non-endothelial origin, are less dramatically reduced. The development of BBB tightness, therefore, seems to play a pivotal role in the pattern of BBB-GT expression during brain differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Pattern of glucose transporter (Glut 1) expression in embryonic brains is related to maturation of blood-brain barrier tightness. 158 3

Recurrence is an important factor affecting the survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatectomy. Twelve types of lectin receptors in 33 cases of HCC tissues were determined by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. The relationship between lectin receptors, HCC grading and recurrence time after curative hepatectomy was investigated. The results showed that tumor-free period of patients after the resection of HCC was not closely related to the size of resected tumors, their pathological gradings as well as most lectin receptors. However, tumors that recurred longer than two years after curative hepatectomy had Bandeiraea simplifolia agglutinin I (BSAI) receptors obviously fewer than those recurring within two years. It is suggested that BSAI receptors in tumor tissues might be a useful index in the prognosis of HCC patients after hepatectomy.
 ...
PMID:[The relation of lectin receptor's activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the recurrence after curative hepatectomy]. 165 Jun 87

To clarify the discrepancy in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtypes present in the serum and liver, as well as among hepatocytes, liver specimens which were resected from 37 HBsAg-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined. We evaluated HBsAg and the subtypic determinants of HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining method. Hepatitis B antigens were more frequently detected in small tumors (HBsAg in 67%. HBcAg in 40%) than in large ones (HBsAg in 36%, HBcAg in 14%). The prevalence of each subtypic determinant in the HBsAg positive non-tumorous vs. tumorous areas was 100% vs. 67% in a, 100% vs. 57% in d, 100% vs. not tested in y, 100% vs. 53% in r and 25% vs. 0% in w (a, d, y, r and w represent subtypic determinants). There was virtually no difference in a set of subtypic determinants between the serum and liver. However, there were some variations in a set of subtypic determinants among the hepatocytes. On the other hand, liver tissue of compound subtype adyr in serum contained both cells with a,d,r and with a,y,r as well as a few cells with a,d,y,r. These findings suggest that HBV genomes in hepatocytes of type B chronic liver disease may differ genetically among cells even in the same liver tissue.
 ...
PMID:Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in liver of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; comparison of subtypes in serum and liver. 165 86

In liver biopsies from 21 patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 69 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica, and 25 patients with HCC, HBsAg and HBcAg were investigated with peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The positive rate of HBAg (i.e. HBsAg and/or HBcAg) in the liver of patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by HCC was significantly higher than in the group of advanced schistosomiasis japonica, but similar to that in cases of HCC. The location of carcinoma cells in the liver was not related to the distribution of Schistosoma ova in patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by HCC. The results indicated that the complication with hepatitis B virus infection may be one of the major factors involved in the development of HCC in patients with schistosomiasis japonica.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver of patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. 166 68

Proliferating cells in liver specimens from patients with various diseases were detected by use of a monoclonal antibody against human DNA polymerase-alpha, which is present in the nuclei of cells in the G1, S, M and G2 phases of the mitotic cell cycle and absent in the G0 phase, to clarify the kinetics and morphological characteristics of these cells. This monoclonal antibody was supernatant derived from clone CL22-2-42B, and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method was used. Not only epithelial cells (hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells) but also nonepithelial cells (Kupffer cells and other macrophages, endothelial cells, fat-storing cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts) were stained for DNA polymerase-alpha. In acute viral hepatitis with confluent necrosis, small hepatocytes with basophilic cytoplasm next to the necrosis accounted for most of the proliferating cells. In these areas, Kupffer cells and other macrophages and lymphocytes had often proliferated. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were frequently stained for DNA polymerase-alpha, in addition to endothelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. These nonepithelial cells were stained more frequently in specimens with many stained carcinoma cells than in those with only a few cells stained. In fibrotic areas, fibroblasts were often stained for this enzyme. In proliferating bile ducts, both small epithelial cells and large mature cells were stained. The differences between stained and nonstained cells that were not hepatocytes could not be defined by their ultrastructural characteristics. From these findings, it seemed possible that sinusoidal cells, especially Kupffer cells and other macrophages, might be much involved in hepatocytic proliferation during regeneration of the liver and also in the occurrence of malignant tumors.
 ...
PMID:Detection of proliferating liver cells in various diseases by a monoclonal antibody against DNA polymerase-alpha: with special reference to the relationship between hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells. 171 33

We have used successive density gradient centrifugation with vesicles prepared from a human hepatoma Hep G2 post nuclear supernatant to obtain a highly enriched preparation of early endosomes. A monoclonal antibody (8E4) raised against this early endosome preparation recognizes a single polypeptide highly enriched in light vesicle membranes. The antigen has a molecular weight of 195 kDa by SDS-PAGE in the presence or absence of a reducing agent. Western blot analysis shows that the 8E4 antigen is detectable only in light vesicle membranes and not among heavy membranes, whole cytosol, or nuclear pellet proteins. The 8E4 antigen appears to be an integral membrane protein as it is precipitated by Triton X-114. The distribution of the 8E4 antigen in a Nycodenz density gradient fractionation of light vesicle membranes is identical to the distribution of 125I-ASOR-labeled early endosomes but distinct from the distribution of the plasma membrane enzyme, alkaline phosphodiesterase. In addition, incubation of cells with a horseradish peroxidase-transferrin conjugate followed by 3,3'-diaminobenzidine cytochemistry specifically quenches 8E4 antigen detection by protein dot blot analysis. These data strongly suggest that the 8E4 antigen is an integral membrane protein primarily located in endocytic vesicles.
 ...
PMID:Identification of an endosome-specific antigen. 184 26

The hepatocyte hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression in 149 liver biopsies from 124 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers was correlated with serum HBV DNA status and histologic activity. Hepatocyte HBsAg was stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and serum HBV DNA was determined by dot blot hybridization. Sixty-five biopsies (44%) showed minimal changes (MC), 82 biopsies (55%) showed chronic liver disease (CLD) and 2 biopsies (1%) showed hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocyte HBsAg was found in 144 biopsies (97%). It was present in the cytoplasm of 141 specimens (95%) and/or plasma membrane of 48 specimens (32%). Approximately half (45%) of the cytoplasmic HBsAg-positive biopsies showed discrete distribution, while the other half (55%) were grouped. Fifty-five per cent (77 of 141) of cytoplasmic HbsAg-positive biopsies had CLD, while 44% (62 of 141) showed MC. There was no relationship between the presence of cytoplasmic HBsAg or its topographic distribution with disease activity. Membrane HBsAg distribution was similar for both groups of patients (MC vs CLD: 25 of 65 (38%) vs 23 of 82 (28%); P = NS). Serum HBV DNA was detected in 98 patients (66%) and was seen mostly in association with CLD (CLD vs MC: 61% vs 39%, P less than 0.001). It was also detected more often in the sera of patients with membrane HBsAg than in those with cytoplasmic HBsAg staining (41 of 48 (85%) vs 97 of 141 (67%); P less than 0.02). However, discrete distribution of cytoplasmic HBsAg was associated with positive serum HBV DNA when compared with grouped distribution (52 of 63 (83%) vs 43 of 78 vs (55%); P less than 0.005).
 ...
PMID:Hepatocyte hepatitis B surface antigen expression in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in Singapore: correlation with viral replication and liver pathology. 193 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>