Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), glutathione reductase (EGR) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (EGPT) enzyme activities and coenzyme effects (in vitro coenzyme stimulation) were studied in 30 random, 10 primary hepatoma, and 3 pellagrins natives from Mozambique. Twenty-nine subjects of the random group exhibited ETK coenzyme effects below 20%. Urinary thiamine levels in this group were in normal or high ranges. The primary hepatoma group had 4 with ETK coenzyme effects above 30%, and 3 of the 4 had low level urinary thiamine excretions. Of the three pellagra patients in the study, none showed biochemical vitamin B1 deficiency. All primary hepatoma and 23 random natives had EGR coenzyme effects above 30%, but the daily urinary riboflavin excretions correlated with the coenzyme effect in only the random group. EGPT activities were spread over a wide range. The random group with high EGPT activity showed a correlation with low coenzyme effect, while the primary hepatoma group did not exhibit this correlation. After 4-day single-vitamin treatment, vitamin B1 increased total ETK and vitamin B2 increased total EGR (after in vitro coenzyme saturation). Vitamin B6 did not increase total EGPT. Vitamin B2 was less effective on total EGR in primary hepatoma than in random subjects.
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PMID:Effects of vitamins B1, B2, B6 and C on erythrocyte enzymes in South African Bantu. 629 84

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are essential coenzymes in redox reactions. For example, FAD is a coenzyme for both glutathione reductase and enzymes that mediate the oxidative folding of secretory proteins. Here we investigated short-term effects of moderately riboflavin-deficient culture medium on flavin-related responses in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. Cells were cultured in riboflavin-deficient (3.1 nmol/l) medium for up to 6 days; controls were cultured in riboflavin-sufficient (532 nmol/l) medium. The activity of glutathione reductase decreased by 98% within 4 days of riboflavin-deficient culture. Transport rates of riboflavin increased in response to riboflavin depletion, whereas expression of enzymes mediating flavocoenzyme synthesis (flavokinase and FAD synthetase) decreased in response to depletion. The oxidative folding and synthesis of plasminogen and apolipoprotein B-100 was impaired within 4 days of culture in riboflavin-deficient medium; this is consistent with impaired processing of secretory proteins in riboflavin-deficient cells. Riboflavin depletion was associated with increased DNA-binding activities of transcription factors with affinity for endoplasmic reticulum stress elements and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) consensus elements, suggesting cell stress. Moreover, the abundance of the stress-induced protein GADD153 was greater in riboflavin-deficient cells compared with controls. Riboflavin deficiency was associated with decreased rates of cell proliferation caused by arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle. These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that HepG2 cells have a great demand for riboflavin and that cell stress develops rapidly if riboflavin supply is marginally low.
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PMID:HepG2 cells develop signs of riboflavin deficiency within 4 days of culture in riboflavin-deficient medium. 1608 Dec 69

Riboflavin, suggested to be a radiosensitizer, was studied in murine thymocytes and human hepatoma L02 cell line in vitro with MTT method and fluorescence microscopy. When the murine thymocytes treated with 5-400 mumol/L riboflavin were irradiated by 5 Gy (60)Co gamma ionizing radiation, the low concentration groups, i.e. treated with 5-50 mumol/L riboflavin, showed a different surviving fractions-time relating correlation compared with the high concentration groups, i.e. treated with 100-400 mumol/L riboflavin. The former had a high survival level at the end of irradiation, but which, after 4-h incubation, decreased rapidly to a low level. On the contrary, the high concentration groups showed a low survival level at the end of irradiation, and a poor correlation was found between the surviving fraction and the incubation time, after 4 h a little difference was observed. The results of fluorescence microscopy indicated that under low concentration conditions, the riboflavin localized mainly in nucleus (both perinuclear area and inside of nuclear membrane), while under high concentration conditions, intensive riboflavin also localized around cytoplasmic membranes. Thus we can conclude: the riboflavin had radiosensitivity effect on DNA under low concentration conditions, and enhanced the damage to cytoplasmic membrane under high concentration conditions. Also the most effective concentration of riboflavin can be evaluated to be approximate 100 mumol/L.
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PMID:Radiosensitization mechanism of riboflavin in vitro. 1875 21

The present study aimed to explore the genetic changes involved in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The RNA-Seq data of 212 HCC tissue samples and 50 normal tissue samples were downloaded using TCGA-Assembler. A total of 4 subgroups were obtained, and 4167, 6279, 5379, and 2548 DEGs were screened in group 1, group 2, group 3, and group 4, respectively. Enrichment analysis found that cell cycle, metabolism, and translation related terms were the most significantly changed functions and pathways. There were 454 genes (1114 pairs), 803 genes (722 pairs), and 788 genes (724 pairs), separately interacted in the condition specific PPI network of group 1, 2, 3, and 4, with MMP2, ATNXN1, F2, and HDAC1 as the hub genes. What's more, using these genes, total 7, 20, 198, and 1 subtype related miRNAs; 35, 50, 47, and 17 subtype related TFs; 1, 1, 0, and 2 subtype related drugs were screened in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The integrated biological analysis on RNA-Seq data provided substantial of bio-molecular related to the HCC development. miR-147b, SP1, and Riboflavin were the subtype-related regulator/drug for HCC. The study about the big data of HCC RNA-Seq data reveals the intrinsic gene expression pattern of the tumor, which provides a novel perspective to understand the heterogeneity of pathogenesis in HCC tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Integrated analysis of the RNA-Seq data of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. 2932 94