Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 23 year period at Memorial Hospital, the diagnosis of liver cell carcinoma was made in 42 patients who were 11 to 40 years old. Ninety per cent were Caucasian, mostly born in the United states. No occupational hazard was detected. Serum hepatitis antigen was demonstrated in only one patient. Alpha fetoprotein was found in the serum of 55 per cent of nine patients tested. Eight-three per cent were Rh positive, 43 per cent were ABO groups, A or O, respectively. Twenty-three per cent of 13 patients with sufficient material for study had an associated cirrhosis. Of these, active hepatitis with cirrhosis was present in one patient; postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in another. Approximately 7 per cent had a history of previous liver disease. One patient had infectious mononucleosis, and nearly 13 per cent gave a family history of cancer. Weight loss or pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant was present in 65 per cent, and hepatomegaly was found in 88 per cent. Only one patient presented with hemoperitoneum simulating an acute condition within abdomen. The liver profile examinations characteristically revealed an elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, and Bromsulphalein retention with normal bilirubin level. The most common finding, upon roentgenographic examination, was an elevated right hemidiaphragm. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography and 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans were both done in 13 patients. There was a 75 per cent accuracy rate in localization of the tumor. At laparotomy, the tumor was found to be confined to one lobe in seven patients and involved both lobes in ten. Twenty-seven patients were thought to have multicentric tumors and 15 unicentric lesions. Only ten were found to be candidates for hepatic lobectomy. Five and ten years survival rates were 20 per cent; the operative mortality rate was 40 per cent. Twenty per cent died within a year, ten per cent, one patient, is alive with disease at 28 months and another is free of disease at 31-months. Paraneoplastic syndromes were erythrocytosis in two patients, terminal stage of hypoglycemia in one patient, and hypocholesterolemia with associated excess beta globulin in one patient.
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PMID:Liver cell carcinoma during the prime of life. 17 34

Histological specimens from 150 women with liver tumors are discussed. Of the 150 patients under consideration, 85% had ingested contraceptive steroids, most for more than 3 years. Of these 64% had taken pills containing mestranol, and 18% had used ethinyl estradiol; 18% had taken both. Average age was about 30 years, and pain was the most common presenting symptom. 19 tumors were malignant (hepatoma), 57 were adenoma, 68 were focal nodular hyperplasia, and 6 were unclassified. To date, 12 of the 19 hepatoma patients have died. In addition to presenting numerous figures depicting the pathology material and a discussion of tumor differentiation difficulties, speculation between steroid ingestation and tumor appearance is considered. Since hepatomas are much more common than benign liver tumors, circumspection is in order before indicting steroids as causative. In this group of women studied, none had cirrhosis, for example, whereas cirrhosis is very common in the general population. The authors call for further investigation of estrogens and primary liver tumores.
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PMID:Relation of steroids to liver oncogenesis. 22 96

A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma of the right liver lobe is presented by case report. Although a right side hemihepatectomy was performed, a recidive was detected 3 months later. Since then he received adriamycin-therapy and 14 months after operation, he is almost completely free of pain. Diagnosis, and surgical as well as internal therapy, are presented.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of hepatocellular cancer]. 23 21

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major malignant disease in parts of Africa and Asia, including Korea. Surgical resection, which represents the best hope for cure, is limited by the extent of the disease and the high incidence of concurrent liver cirrhosis in Korea. We designed a phase II trial of combined external radiotherapy and hyperthermia for hepatocellular carcinoma that was unresectable due to either locally advanced lesions or associated liver cirrhosis so as to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of this combination regimen. This trial was performed at Yonsei Cancer Center between April 1988 and July 1988. External radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 3060 cGy/3.5 weeks. Hyperthermia was applied twice a week for a total of six treatment sessions using an 8-MHz radio-frequency capacitive-type heating device, i.e., Thermotron RF-8 and Cancermia. In all cases, hyperthermia was carried out within 30 min of the radiotherapy for a period of 30-60 min. The temperature in the tumor was measured by inserting a thermocouple into the tumor mass under ultrasonographic guidance in patients who did not have a bleeding tendency. The tumor response was assessed by CT scan after completion of the designed treatment. No complete response was obtained. However, a symptomatic improvement in abdominal pain was observed in 78.6% of cases and a partial response was achieved in 40% of the patients. The most important factor affecting the tumor response was the type of tumor (single massive, 71.4%; diffuse infiltrative, 20%; multinodular, 0; P < 0.005). The 1-year survival values determined for all patients and for the partial responders were 34% and 50%, respectively. The overall median duration of survival was 6.5 months. The median duration of survival for the partial responders was longer than that for the nonresponders (11 vs 5 months; P < 0.05). A mild degree of heat sensation, fever, first-degree burns of the skin, and nausea were observed as treatment-related adverse reactions. In conclusion, although this study is being continued, the results obtained thus for indicate that combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia seem to be effective in providing local tumor control and pain palliation in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma while producing an acceptable level of toxicity.
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PMID:Phase II trial for combined external radiotherapy and hyperthermia for unresectable hepatoma. 128 Oct 42

This analysis indicated that patients with cancer-related pain account for 71.0% in author's material. After the TCM treatment, the effective rate were 91.6% in hepatocarcinoma-related pain; 86.1% in colon-rectal cancer-related pain; 68.2% in malignant lymphoma-related pain; 100% in irradiation-related pain of esophageal cancer, lung cancer, post-operative breast cancer. Results of "four-step analgesic ladder" showed that 52.1% of pain could be relieved by Step I (TCM therapy); if Step II (indomethacin) or III (phenylbutazone) was added, the rate of pain relief reached as high as 96.5%; and only 3.5% need to be treated by Step IV (Opioids). With less side-effects and addiction of opioids and other narcotics, the "four-step analgesic ladder" therapy seems to be more suitable for cancer pain relief in China.
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PMID:[Comprehensive "4-step analgesic ladder" therapy in treating cancer-related pain-analysis of 486 cases]. 130 38

Between January 1985 and July 1990, 323 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma underwent liver resection in our department. Bone metastases were found in 12 of these cases (3.7%). Bone metastases were mainly found in vertebral bone (58.3%) and pelvic bone (41.7%). The time interval to the development of bone metastasis after liver resection was closely related to the presence of intrahepatic metastasis and the stage at operation. In all cases, the initial clinical symptom was pain and/or motor disturbance. Radiotherapy was performed in 10 cases and transcatheter arterial embolization or surgery was performed in 4 cases. The pain or neurological symptoms improved with these therapies in all cases. Cumulative survival was 1 year in 74%, 2 years in 34%, and 3 years in 17%, respectively.
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PMID:Bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection. 131 7

Radiotherapeutic effects of 42 bone metastases in 26 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were retrospectively analyzed. Pain relief was observed in 79% of 37 bone metastases treated (29/37). Antitumor effects and improvement of paralysis were also observed in 88% (8/9) and 17% (1/6), respectively. The toxicities experienced were tolerable. Radiotherapy was an effective means of palliation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases.
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PMID:Radiotherapy for bone metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. 132 Jan 39

Forty-six patients with cirrhosis and 75 biopsy-proved hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules underwent percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) regardless of number (up to five) and size (mean diameter, 3.6 cm) of tumoral lesions and clinical severity of cirrhosis (11 patients in Child's class C were included). Ethanol was injected under sonographic guidance through 20 to 22 gauge needles so as to obtain homogeneous hyperechogenicity of lesions. A total of 271 PEI sessions were carried out, delivering 2 to 14 ml per session. All nodules but one decreased in size, and seven were no longer appreciable on sonography. Recurrence was detected in two patients. The 3 year survival rate of all cases was 86%. Child's classes A and B patients fared better (3 yr survival 100%); 2 year survival of subjects with HCC < or = 3 cm was 92%. Multifocality did not affect survival. Most patients experienced mild pain at the site of injection, but only two major complications were encountered: partial chemical thrombosis of the left portal vein and cholangitis. Both cases were managed conservatively. In conclusion, PEI seems to offer a safe and valuable tool for therapy of HCC, especially in patients with good functional liver reserve and small (< or = 3 cm) tumors.
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PMID:Percutaneous ethanol injection under sonographic guidance of hepatocellular carcinoma in compensated and decompensated cirrhotic patients. 133 95

Twenty seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by sequential methotrexate (75 mg/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (750 mg/m2) on day 1 followed on days 8-36 by external beam radiotherapy (total dose 30 cGy). The response was assessed by liver size on clinical examination. One patient had complete response, and six patients had partial response. The overall response to the treatment was 25.9%. More than a 50% reduction in serum alfa-fetoprotein level was noted in 66.6% patients. Seventy-one percent of patients had palliation of pain following therapy. The median survival of responders was 11 months and of nonresponders, 2 months. Radiation was discontinued in two patients who developed radiation hepatitis. Additional trials with different dosages and schedules are needed to fully evaluate this form of therapy.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy and radiation for palliation of hepatocellular carcinoma. 138 Nov 43

This phase II non-comparative trial evaluated the efficacy of intramuscular iodostearic acid in the treatment of 30 patients with advanced carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. These included 17 patients with colorectal carcinoma, seven with pancreatic carcinoma, four with gastric carcinoma, one with hepatocellular carcinoma and one with cholangiocarcinoma. Iodostearic acid emulsion (2 ml/1.2 g) followed by depomedrone (0.5 ml/10 mg) was injected intramuscularly twice weekly. No serious toxic effects were observed, the main side effects being local pain at the injection site and hot flushes. There were no partial or complete responses. Stable disease was seen in six of 30 patients (20%) at 3 months and three of 30 patients (10%) at 6 months. In conclusion, intramuscular iodostearic acid is relatively non-toxic, however, it appears to be of little value in the treatment of patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas.
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PMID:Iodostearic acid in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. 152 29


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