Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a Phase II clinical trial, 14 patients with histologically proven primary hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with adriamycin administered intravenously at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. All 11 evaluable patients responded with 3 exhibiting complete tumor regression after two, three, and five courses of adriamycin respectively. The remission durations for these 3 were 3, 6, and 7 months, and their survivals were 8, 9, and 13 months, respectively. The median survival of the evaluable patients is 8 months (range 1-13 months). The side effects encountered included myelosuppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and alopecia. Adriamycin seems to be an effective agent in hepatocellular carcinoma. Further trials are underway to test its true efficacy both singly and in combination with other drugs in the management of this tumor.
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PMID:Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with adriamycin. Preliminary communication. 16 83

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been an industrial chemical of some importance for the past 50 years. First synthesized by Fischer in 1864, TCE has enjoyed considerable industrial usage as a degreaser and limited medical use as an inhalation anesthetic and analgesic. This TCE overview provides a narrative survey of the reference literature. Highlights include history, nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, manufacture, analysis, uses, metabolism, toxicology, carcinogenic potential, exposure routes, recommended standards, and conclusions. Chemically, TCE is a colorless, highly volatile liquid of molecular formula C2HCl3. Autoxidation of the unstable compound yields acidic products. Stabilizers are added to retard decomposition. TCE's multitude of industrial uses center around its highly effective fat-solvent properties. Metabolically, TCE is transformed in the liver to trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, and trichloroethanol glucuronide; these breakdown products are excreted through the kidneys. Most toxic responses occur as a result of industrial exposures. TCE affects principally the central nervous system (CNS). Short exposures result in subjective symptoms such as headache, nausea, and incoordination. Longer exposures may result in CNS depression, hepatorenal failure, and increased cardiac output. Cases of sudden death following TCE exposure are generally attributed to ventricular fibrillation. Current interest in TCE has focused on recent experimental data that implicate TCE as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. No epidemiological data are available that demonstrate a similar action in humans. The overall population may be exposed to TCE through household cleaning fluids, decaffeinated coffee, and some spice extracts. The NIOSH recommended standard for TCE is 100 ppm as a time-weighted average for an 8-hr day, with a maximum allowable peak concentration of 150 ppm for 10 min.
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PMID:Trichloroethylene. I. An overview. 40 97

Types of oral contraceptives, their mode of action, choice of dosage, side effects, and contraindications are summarized for the general clinician. A 50 mcg dosage of estrogen in a combination formula appears to be the minimum dose necessary for consistent protection from pregnancy although some compounds with less estrogen but a more powerful progestin appear to provide good protection. These lower dose estrogen formulations may be advised if estrogen-related symptoms such as nausea or breast soreness are encountered. In amenorrheao r symptoms of estrogen deprivation 80-100 mcgs of estrogen may be required. Although there is a risk of thromboembolic disease, hypertension, carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects, gallbladder disease, hepatoma, and possible post-pill amenorrhea, these problems can be minimized by careful screening of patients. Benefits include decreased incidence of ovarian cysts, benign breast neoplasia, menstrual disorders, premenstrual syndrome, iron deficiency anemia, sebaceous cysts, and acne (due to decreased sebum production with estrogen adminsitration). Patients need to be reminded that the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy exceed that attributed to oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Oral contraception. 83 94

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major malignant disease in parts of Africa and Asia, including Korea. Surgical resection, which represents the best hope for cure, is limited by the extent of the disease and the high incidence of concurrent liver cirrhosis in Korea. We designed a phase II trial of combined external radiotherapy and hyperthermia for hepatocellular carcinoma that was unresectable due to either locally advanced lesions or associated liver cirrhosis so as to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of this combination regimen. This trial was performed at Yonsei Cancer Center between April 1988 and July 1988. External radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 3060 cGy/3.5 weeks. Hyperthermia was applied twice a week for a total of six treatment sessions using an 8-MHz radio-frequency capacitive-type heating device, i.e., Thermotron RF-8 and Cancermia. In all cases, hyperthermia was carried out within 30 min of the radiotherapy for a period of 30-60 min. The temperature in the tumor was measured by inserting a thermocouple into the tumor mass under ultrasonographic guidance in patients who did not have a bleeding tendency. The tumor response was assessed by CT scan after completion of the designed treatment. No complete response was obtained. However, a symptomatic improvement in abdominal pain was observed in 78.6% of cases and a partial response was achieved in 40% of the patients. The most important factor affecting the tumor response was the type of tumor (single massive, 71.4%; diffuse infiltrative, 20%; multinodular, 0; P < 0.005). The 1-year survival values determined for all patients and for the partial responders were 34% and 50%, respectively. The overall median duration of survival was 6.5 months. The median duration of survival for the partial responders was longer than that for the nonresponders (11 vs 5 months; P < 0.05). A mild degree of heat sensation, fever, first-degree burns of the skin, and nausea were observed as treatment-related adverse reactions. In conclusion, although this study is being continued, the results obtained thus for indicate that combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia seem to be effective in providing local tumor control and pain palliation in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma while producing an acceptable level of toxicity.
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PMID:Phase II trial for combined external radiotherapy and hyperthermia for unresectable hepatoma. 128 Oct 42

Bajiaolian (Dysosma pleianthum), one species in the Mayapple family, has been widely used as a general remedy and for the treatment of snake bite, weakness, condyloma accuminata, lymphadenopathy and tumours in China for thousands of years. However, the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine mention little about the toxicity of Bajiaolian. Within 1 year, the authors saw five people who manifested nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, abnormal liver function tests, sensory ataxia, altered consciousness and persistant peripheral tingling or numbness after drinking infusions made with Bajiaolian. The herb was recommended by either traditional Chinese medical doctors or herbal pharmacies for postpartum recovery and treatment of a neck mass, hepatoma, lumbago and dysmenorrhoea. Podophyllotoxin is one of the main ingredients of the Bajiaolian root. The clinical manifestations observed in our patients were consistent with podophyllum intoxication. Podophyllotoxin intoxication usually results from the accidental ingestion or topical application of podophyllum resin. However, these cases of Bajiaolian intoxication were iatrogenic and results from 'therapeutic doses' of Bajiaolian cited in the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine.
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PMID:Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. 136 Nov 36

A phase I study of YM-881 (zinostatin stimalamer), neocarzinostatin combined with butylesterified styrene maleate, suspended in iodized poppy oil ethyl ester, was conducted in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by giving single intra-arterial infusions via catheters inserted by Seldinger's method. Four dose levels, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg, were tested. Major adverse reactions were fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal hepatic function. Both the incidence and severity of adverse reactions tended to increase with the 8 mg dose. Tumor regression of 50% or more occurred in one receiving 2 mg and one receiving 4 mg. The results of the study suggest that doses of 6 mg or less may be appropriate for the phase II studies.
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PMID:[Phase I study of YM881 (zinostatin stimalamer) suspension by hepatic arterial infusion. Research Group for Intra-arterial Infusion Therapy with YM881]. 165 86

Sixty-three patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with cisplatin-phosphatidyl-choline-Lipiodol (CPL) suspension. Partial response (PR) and minor response (MR) were obtained in 3 of 14 cases (21.4%) by one shot therapy, and in 13 of 43 cases (30.2%) by TAE therapy. AFP decreased in 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) by one shot therapy, and in 32 of 33 patients (97%) by TAE therapy. PIVKA II also decreased. The one-year survival rate was 74% in TAE therapy, and 52% in one shot therapy. The two-year survival rate was 53% in TAE therapy, and 28% in one shot therapy. Nausea, vomiting and fever were noted in most cases as adverse effects, but they were slight. The concentration of free-CDDP in the peripheral venous blood was lower and continued longer than that of CDDP on the market. These results suggest that CPL was useful as an anticancer agent for arterial chemotherapy or TAE therapy for unresectable HCC.
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PMID:[Assessment of therapeutic effects of cisplatin-phosphatidyl-choline-lipiodol (CPL) suspension for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 165 24

A clinical trial of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using pirarubicin (4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, THP) was performed. Although adriamycin has been widely utilized for chemoembolization on the hepatocellular carcinoma, myocardial toxicity has been occasionally observed as its serious side effect. THP has an advantage that myocardial and gastrointestinal complications are less frequent than adriamycin. Ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this study. Emulsion of 30-60 mg of THP and lipiodol was administered through a catheter inserted into the right or left hepatic artery, and thereafter, transarterial embolization was performed. PR was observed in seven of the ten patients and MR in two. Only one patient showed NC. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels decreased in nine of the ten patients, and PIVKA II in the peripheral blood disappeared in all five patients that had been positive before the chemo-embolization four weeks after the treatment. Side effects included nausea in two patients just after administration of THP, but leukopenia below 2,000/cmm, was not observed in any of the patients. No other serious side effect was observed. From these results, THP was suggested to be a useful chemotherapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[A clinical trial of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using 4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin]. 169 81

A phase II study of YM 881 (zinostatin stimalamer) to determine the response and safety was conducted in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by injecting a suspension of the drug into the hepatic artery. Repeated doses of 4 to 6 mg of the drug were given every 4 weeks so that the tumor tissues were filled with the suspension. Of the 195 registered patients, 15 were ineligible for the study, 8 dropped out, and data were missing for 5. A total of 167 patients completed the study. Response was assessed in the 167 patients who completed the study. CR was found in one, PR in 59, MR in 25, NC in 67, and PD in 15, with a response rate of 35.9. The safety of the drug was assessed in 177, excluding ineligible patients and 3 who dropped out because of the concurrent use of other drugs. Adverse reactions were found in 93.2% of the patients, and abnormal values in clinical laboratory tests in 60.5%. Major unwanted symptoms included fever, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Major abnormal changes in laboratory tests were elevated total bilirubin and LDH and abnormal hepatic function. About half the patients had malaise and pain related to the intra-arterial infusion therapy. The one year survival rate was 56.9%, and the duration of survival of 50% of the patients was 407 days.
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PMID:[Phase II study of YM881 (zinostatin stimalamer) suspension injected into the hepatic artery. Research Group for Intra-arterial Injection Therapy with YM881]. 171 7

Internal radiation therapy with subsegmental arterial injection of iodine 131(131I)-labeled iodized oil (Lipiodol; Laboratorie, Guerbet, France) was evaluated in 24 patients with nodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranging from 2.5 to 8.0 cm in size. 131I Lipiodol (555 to 2220 MBq in 3 to 8 ml) was injected depending on the tumor size. Tumor reduction was seen in 88.9% of tumors smaller than 4.0 cm in diameter, 65.5% of tumors between 4.1 to 6.0 cm, and 25.0% of tumors larger than 5.1 cm. The tumor size reduction corresponded to the gradual drop of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and devascularization on follow-up angiography. Adverse reactions from treatment included fever, mild abdominal pain, nausea, and elevation of transaminases. These were mild and well tolerated by patients. This method provided long-term local control without complications related to the thyroid, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow.
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PMID:Nodular hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment with subsegmental intraarterial injection of iodine 131-labeled iodized oil. 171 29


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