Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 43-year-old male suffering from liver cirrhosis was admitted with complaints of general malaise and anorexia. Admission laboratory data evidenced high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Histopathologically, the resected left testis and supraclavicular enlarged lymph nodes revealed mixed germ cell tumor. After castration, the serum HCG level normalized, but AFP continued to increase. Autopsy findings did not unequivocally show mixed germ cell tumor, however, massive type hepatocellular carcinoma was present. These findings suggest that the hepatocellular carcinoma produced AFP, while the mixed germ cell tumor produced HCG.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of double cancer (Hepatocellular carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor of the testis)--significance of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin as tumor markers]. 619 21

Mitomycin C microcapsules (MMC-mc), which were developed as a novel drug carrier, have proved to exert a potential therapeutic effect due to both microinfarction and sustained drug action (chemo-embolization), when infused into a tumor supplying arteries. Experimental studies have demonstrated that chemo-embolization with MMC-mc produces a definitely marked and extensive cytotoxicity in target tissues as compared with traditional arterial chemotherapy, embolization or combination of both. Sixty-seven patients with advanced hepatoma were treated with intra-arterial MMC-mc during the period from 1978 to 1982. Since the majority of patients were in far advanced stages, 56 patients received only single or two infusions of an average dose of 20 mg MMC-mc. Objective tumor reduction greater than 25% in area was observed in 22 (40%) of measurable 55 tumors. Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein in 26 patients improved in 22 (85%). Relative survival rates of 59 patients without distant metastasis were 64% at 3 months, 49% at 6 months and 26% at 12 months. Side effects such as bone marrow depression, decreased liver function, fever, anorexia, pain and infection were experienced in 9 to 39%, but the majority of them were mild and controllable. Our preliminary experience suggests that MMC-mc can be effectively used in treatment of liver tumors as a palliative but also as a preoperative measure. Further clinical trials including controlled study may well demonstrate the advantages of MMC-mc.
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PMID:[Chemo-embolization with mitomycin C microcapsules for hepatoma]. 620 39

A retrospective study of 211 patients with proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was made. The commonest symptoms were anorexia and malaise (73%). Five patients (2.5%) had near-normal biochemical tests despite the presence of massive tumors. Diagnostic yield from angiography, percutaneous peritoneoscopic biopsy, or scintiscanning was 87-98%. Three percent of the patients had resectable tumors. Median survival for patients with untreated disease was 3.5 weeks. Apart from histology, the total serum bilirubin level was the only factor of prognostic value. Only 12 patients had preexisting symptomatic cirrhosis. When compared with 80 patients with symptomatic postnecrotic cirrhosis without malignancy, patients with HCC had higher SGOT:SGPT ratio, Higher serum albumin levels, and higher platelet counts. There was only minimal overlap of patients with symptomatic postnecrotic cirrhosis and those with HCC. The authors conclude that their patients with HCC appeared late for treatment. A probable difference in the development of symptomatic postnecrotic cirrhosis and of HCC with asymptomatic postnecrotic cirrhosis is suggested.
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PMID:Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma: review of 211 patients in Hong Kong. 626 41

Diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of 121 North American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma seen in one metropolitan area over a 6-year period were assessed using multivariate analysis. Presenting symptoms commonly included abdominal pain (53%) or mass (34%), anorexia (31%), and ascites (20%); however, the ability to make an early diagnosis was complicated by a variety of unusual symptoms accounting for 25% of presentations. While cirrhosis (63%) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity (52%) were common associated findings, the majority of patients (67%) had no prior diagnosis of liver disease. Despite the vascular nature of these malignancies, percutaneous biopsy procedures performed in 66 patients provided diagnostic material in over 85% of cases with little morbidity. Histologic diagnosis was made by blind percutaneous biopsy (41 done, 83% positive), peritoneoscopy with directed percutaneous biopsy (25 done, 88% positive), laparotomy (42 done, 98% positive), or autopsy (19). Percutaneous hepatic biopsy procedures were associated with no mortality and rare bleeding (three cases). Overall median survival was only 18 weeks; multivariate analysis indicated increased bilirubin or presence of pulmonary metastases adversely influenced outcome. Unexpectedly, patients younger than 45 years of age had a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater survival (median, 40 versus 9 weeks) than did older patients with this disease. We conclude: (1) hepatocellular carcinoma can be rapidly and safely diagnosed using percutaneous biopsy procedures; (2) North American patients with hepatocellular carcinoma younger than 45 years of age have a more favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostic and prognostic features in North American patients. 632 91

A total of 133 children aged between less than a month to 14 years presenting consecutively with hepatitis were prospectively studied over a 6-year period. Most cases were acute and presented at the icteric phase. The peak incidence was in very young infants whose illness had to be differentiated from congenital biliary tract obstruction. The older children exhibited the usual manifestations of lethargy, anorexia and tenderness over the liver area to varying degrees. There were 2 cases of chronic active hepatitis in children aged 13 and 14 years, one a female and the other a male. Their illness was controlled with steroid therapy. The serum biochemistry was characteristic in all cases. Serological tests revealed that about 55% of the children had antibody to hepatitis A virus but only 4% demonstrated HAV-specific IgM, while 15% had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 23% demonstrated antibody to core antigen (HBcAg). While most of the children with acute hepatitis made a full clinical and biochemical recovery, 2 have persistent HBs antigenaemia. There were 3 deaths in children who had fulminant hepatitis. Our results show that exposure to hepatitis A virus appears to be prevalent in Nigerian children and probably occurs quite early in life, and infections with hepatitis B virus and perhaps other hepatotropic viruses are also not uncommon. The surveillance of such children and long-term follow-up are necessary. There is already compelling evidence to indicate that hepatocellular carcinoma, prevalent among young adults in our environment, may be related to hepatitis B antigenaemia persisting over several years. The need for an effective vaccine against hepatitis B virus infection cannot, therefore, be over-emphasized.
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PMID:Patterns of childhood hepatitis in the Nigerian African. 653 16

We investigated the use of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate in treatment of rats bearing Morris hepatoma 7777. Rats received diets containing either ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate, which has been used in other catabolic states (i.e. injury, sepsis), or an isonitrogenous, isocaloric diet containing glycine. Untreated tumors grew to a mass of 11 g/100 g body weight over the 3-wk period after implantation and induced progressive anorexia, negative nitrogen balance, and body and tissue wasting. Compared with glycine, ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate had no effect on tumor growth, but also did not alter the catabolic effects of the tumor on its host. We hypothesized that capture of amino acids by the tumor limited the efficacy of supplemental nutrition here and in published reports in which tumor burden comprised 4-30% of body weight. This is supported by our observation that a 3-wk of implantation the rate of protein deposition plus amino acid oxidation by the tumor was equivalent to approximately 70% of the host's daily protein intake. To parallel the clinical situation in which tumor burden is small at diagnosis and initiation of treatment, the same diets were tested in rats treated by excision of the tumor at a limited stage of the disease. Rats received 3 d preoperative nutrition with ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate or glycine, and continued on the same diets for 3 or 6 d postoperatively. Compared with glycine-fed rats, ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate-fed rats showed a more positive nitrogen balance, higher concentrations of glutamine and branched-chain amino acids in muscle, and accelerated protein deposition in small intestine (P < 0.05). Our results explain the lack of success of nutritional support in untreated cancer and underline the need for clinically relevant animal models for further studies.
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PMID:Supplemental nutrition with ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate in rats with cancer-associated cachexia: surgical treatment of the tumor improves efficacy of nutritional support. 750 Jan 78

Between Feb. 1992 and March in 1994, 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (7: recurrence, 7: unresectable) received continuous arterial infusion of 5-FU and CDDP via implanted reservoir. For the next five days, 10 mg/body of CDDP and 250 mg/body of 5-FU using arterial infusion were administered. It was discontinued for two days, as one course, and 4 courses were basally administered. The duration of the administration was 24 or 6 hours/day. Side effects consisted of nausea or loss of appetite for 7 (50%), suppression of bone marrow for 3 (21%), and they disappeared after the agents were discontinued. However, there were 3 patients with gastro-duodenal ulcer, so careful follow-up was necessary. The efficacy rate was 64% and two-year survival rate was 57% and thus this treatment seemed to be effective. Further study on the duration and dose of the administration is necessary to improve the therapeutic effect and QOL.
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PMID:[The study of continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 794 41

Obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD) by direct extension of tumor is occasionally found in patients with hepatic neoplasms. Tumor embolus to the CBD is very rare, however, when no primary hepatic tumor is found. The patient described herein was a 74-year-old man who presented with a new onset of jaundice, nausea, anorexia, and epigastric pain. There was a history of dark urine and clay-colored stools, but no fever. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed partial obstruction of the common hepatic duct and dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the upper abdomen showed no masses. Results of a mesenteric and selective hepatic arteriogram were normal. On abdominal exploration, no tumor was noted. There were no palpable stones in the gallbladder, but a firm mass was felt in the common hepatic duct. Exploration of the CBD produced light-colored debris organized into a cast of the common hepatic duct. Frozen section analysis was negative for tumor cells, but review of the permanent sections confirmed the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. When non-calculous material is found to be obstructing the CBD, even in the absence of an obvious primary hepatic tumor, tumor embolus or metastasis from a distant site must be considered and the material sent for pathological evaluation.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma embolus to the common hepatic duct with no detectable primary hepatic tumor. 806 43

The prognosis of patients with multiple hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains disappointing. In this study, we devised a new therapeutic modality for HCC consisting of transarterial immunoembolization (TIE) using OK-432 and fibrinogen and then analyzed the preliminary results. In the first series, we applied the treatment to 19 patients with advanced HCC who had proved to be insensitive to several previous conventional treatments. In all, 14 patients (74%) with unresected HCC have currently survived for between 2 and 16 months after TIE. The remaining 5 patients died at 17, 14, 8, 7, and 4 months after TIE. The serum levels of tumor markers decreased in all of the patients, and a marked reduction in tumor size was observed in six patients after TIE. A high fever occurred in all cases, and abdominal pain and loss of appetite were also observed after TIE. However, deterioration of liver function was negligible. After confirmation of the safety of this method, we started a second study series in which this TIE treatment was selected as the first choice. Six patients have been treated to date. All patients in this group underwent hepatic resection at 6-48 days following TIE. Histological examination of the resected specimens following TIE showed massive infiltration of mononuclear cells around tumor cell nests and lytic necrosis as well as coagulation necrosis of the main tumor and the intrahepatic metastases. In conclusion, our results indicate that TIE may be a safe and promising therapy for patients with HCC.
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PMID:New development of transarterial immunoembolization (TIE) for therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic metastases. 813 85

The present study was performed to determine the time-course for the development of peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in rats as a result of an increasing tumor burden. Animals were inoculated with Yoshida ascites hepatoma, and studies were conducted during the early phase of tumor growth (day 4) at which time there was no change in food intake and at a later time point (day 8) when the tumor burden was increased and rats demonstrated anorexia. In vivo insulin action was accessed under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions, in which insulin was infused at rates sufficient to produce arterial insulin levels that represent high physiological (3.5 ng/ml) or maximally stimulating values (180 ng/ml). On day 4, tumor-bearing (TB) rats were euglycemic, and whole body glucose turnover was elevated 32%. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (IMGU) in TB rats was similar to control values at the low insulin infusion rate but reduced by 53% under maximally stimulating conditions. The insulin-induced suppression of glucose production was similar in TB and control animals at this time point. In contrast, on day 8, TB rats were hypoglycemic and glucose turnover was reduced 35%. The impairment in IMGU was more severe than seen earlier, with glucose uptake being reduced 39 and 61% at both levels of hyperinsulinemia. At this time point, the ability of insulin to inhibit glucose production was also impaired. These results indicate that the insulin resistance induced by the Yoshida hepatoma was manifested initially by a reduction in IMGU by peripheral tissues. As the tumor burden increased peripheral insulin resistance became more severe and an impairment in hepatic insulin action was observed.
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PMID:Impairment of insulin action on peripheral glucose uptake and hepatic glucose production in tumor-bearing rats. 836 89


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