Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) protein, and examined serum OCT concentrations in patients with various liver diseases. OCT concentrations were markedly elevated in cases of hepatic encephalopathy, 'acute on chronic', and those with the acute phase of acute hepatitis, moderately in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, and slightly in those with a fatty liver. High percentages (92-98%) of patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma had higher than normal concentrations of serum OCT protein. There was a close correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and moderate correlations with those of mitochondrial AST, glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The OCT/ALT ratio was higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.001), and was still higher in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.05). In 2 patients with 'acute on chronic' disease, OCT concentrations decreased similarly with or more rapidly than AST or ALT activities after admission. In 2 patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the OCT concentrations changed similarly with AST and ALT activities. This OCT ELISA system will aid in diagnosing various liver diseases and in the follow-up of the patients, and the OCT/ALT ratio may serve for a differential diagnosis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with liver diseases. 778 67

We investigated the serum level of macrophage colony stimulating factor in acute and chronic liver disease. Levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (mean +/- SD, ng/ml) were significantly higher in acute hepatitis (5.67 +/- 1.01, p < 0.01) and chronic active hepatitis (3.34 +/- 1.19, p < 0.01) than in healthy volunteers (1.90 +/- 0.25), asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers (1.98 +/- 0.40), and chronic persistent hepatitis (2.34 +/- 0.43). Levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor showed a highly significant correlation with the serum alanine aminotransferase levels in acute hepatitis (p < 0.01, rs = 0.903) and in chronic active hepatis (p < 0.01, rs = 0.672). Levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor in patients with cirrhosis (cirrhosis; 3.11 +/- 0.93 and hepatocellular carcinoma; 3.30 +/- 0.74) were significantly higher than in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis although the alanine aminotransferase levels were not significantly different. In cirrhosis, levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor correlated positively with the serum alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.05), total bilirubin levels (p < 0.05), and indocyanine green clearance (p < 0.05). An immunohistochemical study showed an increased number of macrophage colony stimulating factor positive mononuclear cells in portal areas in acute hepatitis. Our findings suggest that; (a) the serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor represent ongoing hepatocellular necrosis in acute and chronic liver disease, (b) the source of the increase in the serum macrophage colony stimulating factor levels in hepatic inflammation may be, in part, its production by infiltrating mononuclear cells in the liver, and (c) cirrhosis also causes elevated serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor.
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PMID:Serum levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in liver disease. 781 98

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection persists for an indefinite length of time in a major proportion of patients, inducing chronic liver lesions that evolve to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in approximately 20% of cases. We studied HCV viremia and genotypes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 341 consecutive anti-HCV-positive patients. Of these, 167 patients had persistently normal or near normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (fluctuations < or = 5 IU above the upper limit of normal); the remaining 174 patients presented with elevated ALT and histological evidence of chronic liver disease. Seventy percent of patients with normal ALT values had circulating HCV RNA despite the absence of biochemical indicators of liver damage and mild histological forms of chronic hepatitis were detected in most patients who underwent liver biopsy. Isolated genotype III infection was significantly more prevalent in this patient group with respect to control patients with abnormal ALT values (70% vs. 39%; P < .001). Conversely, isolated genotype II was more frequently found in patients with elevated ALT values and evidence of chronic liver disease (45% vs. 23%; P < .01) and it was progressively more represented in advanced liver disease, such as cirrhosis and HCC. Virological features of HCV infection might be associated with different clinical manifestations, suggesting a potential prognostic significance on disease outcome.
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PMID:Differential distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with and without liver function abnormalities. 784 95

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are the accepted sequelae of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the real natural history of HCV infection is not still well understood. To approach this problem, we investigated 91 individuals positive for antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), who have received annual liver function examination in a local town known to have had high carrier rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Among the 91 anti-HCV-positive individuals, 63 had undertaken the annual examination more than five times in the past 14 years. We analyzed retrospectively the past liver function test results of these 63 subjects and evaluated their present virological status by determining HCV genotypes and estimating quantity of HCV RNA in the sera. Among the 63 subjects, 50 (79.4%) had HCV RNA in the serum and 40 (80%) of the 50 subjects with HCV RNA had abnormal alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level more than once in their records. However, the other 10 (20%) had no abnormal levels during the period examined. Six of 50 (12%) had ultrasonographic findings suggestive of cirrhosis. Thus, HCV-infected individuals in this area did not seem to have progressive liver diseases. Considering the advanced ages of the individuals examined (mean 64 years old), we may have observed a stage in the natural history of HCV infection in which viremia persists in most individuals and the tendency to progress to serious chronic liver disease is mild.
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PMID:A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus carriers in a local endemic town in Japan. A possible presence of asymptomatic carrier. 785 Dec 13

The changes in serum prealbumin (transthyretin) and serum albumin in acute and chronic liver diseases were investigated. Albumin has long been used as a useful indicator of liver function but serum prealbumin has recently been noted for its clinical significance in acute liver diseases. Serum prealbumin concentrations and liver function tests (albumin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase) were determined on blood obtained from normal donors (n = 148) and from patients suffering from liver diseases (n = 78) such as acute viral hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma. The mean serum prealbumin concentration in normal subjects was 29.6 +/- 4.82 mg/dl while the mean serum prealbumin concentration in patients with liver disease was greatly reduced (acute viral hepatitis = 15.3 +/- 7.4mg/dl; chronic active hepatitis = 10.2 +/- 6.6mg/dl; cirrhosis = 9.9 +/- 6.4mg/dl and hepatoma = 10.7 +/- 4.2). Albumin concentrations dropped slightly (13% compared to control) in acute viral hepatitis but dropped markedly (28% compared to control) in chronic liver diseases. The study suggests that serum prealbumin concentration might be a more sensitive indicator than albumin in assessing liver dysfunction in acute liver diseases.
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PMID:Prealbumin rather than albumin is a more sensitive indicator of acute liver disease. 806 77

8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (oh8dG) is a promutagenic DNA lesion produced by oxygen radicals. We examined alterations in the oh8dG level in human livers which have chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The oh8dG content in livers with chronic hepatitis was significantly higher than the oh8dG content in normal livers (P < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the oh8dG content in noncancerous liver tissues with individual serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (r = 0.515; P < 0.001). Thus, chronic inflammation in the liver produces oxidative DNA damage, which may increase the risk for genomic alterations causing hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Increased formation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in human livers with chronic hepatitis. 820 35

Serum levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were measured in 268 patients with liver diseases by means of a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. In the cases of acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the levels of TIMP-1 were higher than those of the control group. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels correlated with type III procollagen peptide and with type IV collagen, indicating TIMP-1 as a useful marker for hepatic fibrosis. Levels of TIMP-1 also correlated with aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and showed the highest levels in acute hepatitis. Thus, TIMP-1 might also reflect hepatic inflammation. Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and TIMP-1 had a significant positive correlation in patients with HCC. A cut-off level of TIMP-1 between LC and HCC was set at 440 ng/mL, having a low sensitivity and a high specificity. These results suggest the usefulness of TIMP-1 as a tumour marker in cases of HCC where alpha-fetoprotein levels are not elevated.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels in patients with liver diseases. 821 91

The relative contribution of, and possible mechanism of interaction between, aflatoxin and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma can be better investigated now that markers of individual exposure to both factors are available. In this study, blood samples were collected over a 1-month period from 117 children aged 3 to 4 years, resident in Kuntair or Kerr Cherno in the Upper Niumi District of The Gambia. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin-albumin (AF-alb) adducts, markers of HBV infection, liver enzymes [serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] as markers of liver damage, and glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype. All but two children showed detectable serum AF-alb with levels ranging from 2.2 to 250.4 pg aflatoxin B1-lysine equivalent/mg albumin. There was a significant positive correlation between AF-alb and ALT (r = 0.4; P < 0.001). HBV carriers showed moderately higher levels of AF-alb than noncarriers but the difference was not statistically significant and the association between AF-alb and ALT was unchanged when the HBV carriers were excluded from the analysis, suggesting that factors other than HBV infection contributed to the association. The null glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype was infrequent (17.7%) in this population and was not associated with any difference in AF-alb adduct levels compared to glutathione S-transferase M1-positive individuals. However, the percentage of individuals with the null genotype varied significantly between ethnic groups with 32.1% in Fula, 8.8% in Mandinka, and 13.3% in Wollof.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Aflatoxin, liver enzymes, and hepatitis B virus infection in Gambian children. 826 73

A rare case of double primary tumors of the liver is reported. A 69-year-old male presented with fever and right upper quadrant pain. On admission blood culture grew Salmonella group B. Laboratory data showed leucocytosis, mild elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and sugar, positive-HBsAg, and normal range CEA and AFP. Abdominal sonography disclosed a well demarcated solid mass and another cystic lesion with a ragged wall in the left lobe of liver. Abdominal CT revealed a mixed density solid mass in the medial segment, and laterally located cystic mass with internal septa. A preoperative diagnosis of double tumors of the left lobe of the liver was made and the patient underwent a left hepatic lobectomy. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cystadenocarcinoma were diagnosed by histopathological examination. The patient has been well without tumor recurrence after one and a half year's follow-up.
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PMID:Double primary tumors of the liver. 838 67

The clinical characteristics of hepatitis C virus associated chronic liver diseases (C-LD) in 17 patients were compared with hepatitis B virus associated diseases (B-LD) in 47 patients, by analysing the histological findings of the liver and the change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. The persistence of the moderate abnormality in ALT (> 100 IU/L) for longer than 1 year was more frequently seen in the C-LD group (P < 0.01), although the severe exacerbation of the disease with ALT higher than 500 IU/L was more frequent in the B-LD group (P < 0.01). The patients with the histological finding of sublobular hepatic necrosis (SN) in the C-LD group progressed to advanced stages more frequently than those with SN in the B-LD group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, nine of 10 patients with SN in C-LD finally progressed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 52 +/- 23 months, whereas three of 16 with SN in B-LD developed HCC in 81 +/- 34 months. Although the morphological features of SN in C-LD and B-LD were almost the same, SN in C-LD seemed to be a more significant diagnostic condition for the progression to liver cirrhosis or HCC. The patients with SN in the C-LD group should be closely followed for the early detection of HCC, although further study with a greater number of patients is necessary.
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PMID:Significance of sublobular hepatic necrosis in the progression of chronic hepatitis C. 839 Aug 68


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