Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotyping was carried out in 1,000 normal Nigerians and in 25 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 17 with cirrhosis of the liver and 193 with neonatal jaundice. The percentage frequency of the homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency state (PiZZ) in the normal, healthy population was 0.2% compared with 4% in those with hepatoma, 5.9% in those with liver cirrhosis and 0.5% in those with neonatal jaundice. These findings suggest that alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency may be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis of the liver in Nigeria.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver diseases in Nigeria. 217 65

Hepatitis B virus genome-transfected HepG2 cells (2.2.15 cells) inoculated into nude mice produced tumors within 2-8 wk. Dane particles, hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis B e antigen were detected in the serum, and 36% of mice developed antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. In the tumors, hepatitis B surface, core, and e antigens were observed by electron microscopy and immunoenzymatic techniques. In-situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis showed hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid in the tumor. Tumors could be propagated by injection of minced tumor tissue or of a tumor-derived cell line. Liver of tumor-bearing mice as well as sera and tissues of mice inoculated with control cell lines did not show hepatitis B virus genome or viral markers. Tumors induced by both 2.2.15 and nontransfected HepG2 cells exhibited myc oncogene protein and various hepatoma-associated antigens (alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin), suggesting that viral formation does not interfere with expression of these antigens. This experimental model will be helpful to study the effect of drugs on in-vivo hepatitis B virus replication and viral antigen expression.
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PMID:A nude mouse model for the in vivo production of hepatitis B virus. 229 3

Between July 1987 and May 1989, 11 liver transplants were performed on 10 patients at the University Hospital of Geneva. Of 15 patients evaluated for elective transplantation, 10 were accepted and put on the waiting list. 5 patients were rejected because of a contraindication or because another treatment seemed preferable. 8 transplantations were eventually performed. Emergency transplantation was considered for 6 patients, but could be performed in only 3. Indications for transplantation were as follows: one hepatocellular carcinoma in a non-cirrhotic patient, 2 post-hepatitis cirrhoses (one B and one non-A-, non-B), 3 primary biliary cirrhoses, one autoimmune cirrhosis, one primary sclerosing cholangitis, one cirrhosis on alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, and one fulminant B-Delta hepatitis. Most of these patients had advanced liver disease and a limited life expectancy. 8 of the 10 patients transplanted are nevertheless alive and none is hospitalized at the present time. More than mere survival, however, quality of life regained after transplantation prompts us to consider transplantation early in the progress of the disease. Earlier evaluation of patients would make transplantation feasible soon after the first complication of the disease. This attitude would probably prevent patients from dying while on a waiting list and decrease operative as well as early postoperative risks. Better information and coordination regarding potential donors is necessary in Switzerland to obtain better results in organ transplantation.
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PMID:[Liver transplantation. Preliminary results in the district University Hospital of Geneva]. 237 94

A patient with primary gastric adenocarcinoma with extremely high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (12,000 ng/ml) is described. Histologically, foci strongly resembling hepatocellular carcinoma with hyaline globules were noted. Within tumor cells, AFP was identified with both light and electron microscopy, showing the production of AFP by tumor cells themselves. Furthermore, 88% of serum AFP combined with Concanavalin A (ConA), revealing that it was hepatic-type AFP and not germ-cell-type. Localization of alpha-1-antitrypsin within tumor cells was also noted. Ultrastructural study showed that there were two types of structures corresponding to periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules, one of which, the proteinaceous material in intracytoplasmic lumina, was found to contain AFP. Among gastric adenocarcinomas with a high serum AFP level (several thousand or more ng/ml of AFP), foci resembling hepatocellular carcinomas have been reported by several investigators. Those gastric carcinomas, together with the current case, may constitute a clinicopathologic entity, hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
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PMID:An AFP-producing gastric carcinoma with features of hepatic differentiation. A case report. 241 93

The frequency of hepatic tissue and its histological characteristics were examined in 516 germ cell tumors. Hepatic tissue was observed in 48 cases (9.3%). The incidence of hepatic tissue was low in tumors of the ovary (5%), high in both retroperitoneal (27%) and sacro-coccygeal (24%) tumors, and low in both mature (0.3%) and immature teratomas (11%). It was usually encountered in infancy, and the frequency was high in both yolk sac tumors (48%) and mixed germ cell tumors (52%). The hepatic tissue found mainly in mature or immature grade 1 teratomas was similar to adult normal human liver tissue (Ha-type). Tissue in areas consisting of some immature somatic elements of a mixed germ cell tumor was similar to embryonic or fetal liver tissue (Hf-type). Many hepatic nests found in a polyembryoma were of both Ha- and Hf-types. The hepatic tissue found in close relation to yolk sac elements showed predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma-like features (HCLS). Immunohistochemically, the cytoplasm of adult liver-type cells was positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), human albumin (ALB), and the third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of the complement system. The cytoplasm of fetal liver-type cells showed the same positivity; in addition, these cells were positive for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 25% of the cases. The cytoplasm of hepatic cells of HCLS was positive for AFP, AAT, ALB, C3, and C4. A weakly positive reaction for CEA and CA19-9 was observed in bile duct-like structure in some Hf-type cases.
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PMID:The frequency and histology of hepatic tissue in germ cell tumors. 244 27

Primary liver carcinoma (PLC) may express a certain number of markers. Here we communicate results of an analysis of five such markers (alpha-1-antitrypsin--AAT--, carcino-embryonic antigen --CEA--, alpha-fetoprotein --AFP--, and superficial --HBsAg-- and core --HBcAg-- antigens of hepatitis B virus) by means of PAP techniques in 130 cases of PLC, comparing the neoplastic tissue and the non-tumorous liver. Three variants of PLC are distinguished: hepatocarcinoma (HC) (108 cases); cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (19 cases); and three cases of hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC). AAT was positive in 29 HC, 2 HCC, and negative in all 19 CC. CEA appeared positive in 16 HC, 16 CC and only one HCC. AFP was positive in two HC, and negative in all CC and HCC. HBsAg displayed positivity in 15 HC and one HCC, being negative in all 19 CC. HBcAg was positive in 4 HC, and negative in all CC and HCC. HBsAg was also positive in two neoplastic emboli associated with HC. On the non-tumorous liver tissue the immunohistochemical results showed positivity for AAT and CEA, but not for AFP. Therefore the present results confirm that in the geographical area from which these tumors proceed, PLC is closely correlated with HBsAg positivity and with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of 130 cases of primary hepatic carcinomas. 244 80

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly fatal neoplasm of high worldwide prevalence. Fibromellar carcinoma (FLC), a variant of HCC, lacks the dismal prognosis of "ordinary" HCC (O-HCC) and is characterized by a diagnostic histologic appearance. The current study analyzes the clinical characteristics, immunohistochemistry, and treatment of nineteen cases of FLC. These data, together with a detailed review of the literature, further characterize this unique variant. FLC affects younger patients and lacks the male predominance of O-HCC. Also, FLC lacks specific association with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus infection, use of oral contraceptives, and alcohol abuse, all of which are implicated in other hepatic tumors. This, along with differences in serum tumor marker prevalence (AFP, B12 binding protein) suggests that its pathogenesis differs from that of O-HCC. Despite these differences, FLC shares a common differentiation with O-HCC. The increased amounts in FLC of stainable alpha-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein, all of which are acute phase reactants and normal hepatocyte products, implies better differentiation of FLC cells. Finally, the better prognosis of FLC is supported by this study, since only two of the 19 patients died because of tumor. This contrasts with the reported survival of patients with O-HCC, usually measured in weeks. Hepatic transplantation may hold promise for future patients with "surgically unresectable" FLC as procedure-related complications are overcome.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: an immunohistochemical study of nineteen cases and a review of the literature. 245 77

Two hepatocellular carcinomas and six hepatoblastomas were examined for the presence of 13 antigens using immunoperoxidase, avidin-biotin, staining techniques. Primary antibodies were directed against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), lysozyme (LYS), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSA), lactoferrin (LF), desmin (DES), vimentin (VIM), and keratin (KER). Except for HbSA, the antigen staining pattern was unable to differentiate between hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Both neoplasms where positive for AFP, AAT, CEA, EMA, and KER; however, neither stained for GFAP, NSE, LYS, LF, HCG, or DES. Vimentin was weakly positive in those hepatoblastomas where mesenchymal tissue was present in the tumor. Only the tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinomas stained positively for HbSA and correlated with the elevated serum levels of HbSA.
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PMID:Patterns of antigen expression in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood. 248 9

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), no serologic markers of HBV can be found in up to 11% of HCC patients in developing countries and up to 68% of HCC patients in industrialized countries. Despite the absence of HBV serologic markers in these HCC patients, HBV DNA sequences have been found to be integrated into HCC DNA in 13-100% of these patients, indicating a possible role of HBV in the etiology of their HCC. Although six patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis virus infection who were followed have been documented to develop HCC, it is not known whether the non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses cause or contribute to the development of HCC in some HCC patients without HBV serologic markers. Ethanol, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, and aflatoxin also have been suggested as possible etiologies and should be studied further. Suggested etiologies that are not supported by the published data include alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: possible etiologies in patients without serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. 253 73

Both alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AAC) in serum were investigated in various liver diseases. Serum levels of AAT and AAC in normal controls were 293.3 +/- 37.9mg/dl and 119.6 +/- 18.9U/ml, respectively. Both AAT and AAC were significantly higher in 75 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) than in patients with acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis as well as normal controls. In a cut-off value of more than 400 mg/dl AAT showed a sensitivity rate (SS) of 74.7%, specificity (SP) of 97.3%, positive predictive value (PV+) of 86.2%, negative predictive value (PV-) of 95.5% and a total accuracy of 93.3% for diagnosing PHC. In a cut-off value of more than 157 U/ml, the corresponding figures for AAC were 68.0%, 96.7%, 86.4%, 90.6% and 90.0%. If the increased levels in one or both tests are positive, the combined positive rate is 80.0% in PHC. In 11 PHC cases with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) less than 50 ng/ml, the positive rate of AAT and AAC were 72.7% and 81.8%, respectively, compared to corresponding figures of 71.7%, and 65.2% in 46 cases of PHC with more than 50 ng/ml of AFP. It shows that combined assay of both serum AAT and AAC has a complemental value in the diagnosis of PHC, especially in patients without increased AFP.
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PMID:Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 256 53


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