Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The phenotypic distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin variants has been studied in 101 patients with cirrhosis and in 50 with cirrhosis plus hepatoma. 504 healthy Greeks served as controls. The ZZ and MZ phenotypes were found only once in the group of cirrhosis. The very low PiZ gene frequency suggests that the association of PiZ gene with cirrhosis is fortuitous. The FM phenotype has been observed in 14% of patients with hepatoma arised on cirrhosis and this incidence differed significantly between the two groups of patients and the controls. It is possible that cirrhotic patients phenotypically FM develop for as yet unknown reasons hepatoma in high percentage.
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PMID:Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes in cirrhosis and hepatoma. 17 60

Forty-two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined for the presence of the inclusions of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), which indicate a carrier state for the Pi Z gene. These were found in the non-neoplastic liver tissue of two cases of HCC and in one of the 98 control livers, a difference that is not statistically significant. Typical globules of AAT deficiency were not found in HCC cells. One-quarter of HCCs, however, contained cells which showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining for AAT, a pattern seen also in the non-neoplastic livers.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatocellular carcinoma. 22 49

Thirteen adult patients (aged 16 to 73 years) form 12 families are described with liver disease and alpha- 1- antitrypsin deficiency. Long-term observation of several of these patients suggests that the liver disease may be only slowly progressive, but review of possible factors aggravating this has failed to reveal any obvious clues. Progression to death from hepatic failure was the commonest outcome, but one patient developed a malignant hepatoma and two others died because of intraperitoneal haemorrhage due to ruptured cirrhotic nodules--a complication not hitherto described in association with this condtion. Diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency was based on serological, histological, immunopathological and genetic studies. The most useful screening test in liver disease was found to be the demonstration of PAS positive globules in liver biopsy material which is diagn by immunofluoresence or immunoperoxidase, the latter being a superior technique. Serum estimation of alpha-1 -antitrypsin deficiency was performed by immunoelectropharetic and immunodiffusion techniques, the former being preferred because it gave more consistent results. Both methods, however, were of limited value since wide variations in the serum values are commonly found in normal and abnormal states. Genotyping was carried out using starch gel electrophoresis and although of value in family studies, its value as a diagnositc aid is limited because of technical difficulties and also because alpha-1-antitrypsin accumulation in the liver may be found in both homozygous and heterozygous states. It is suggested that adult liver disease associated with abnormalities in alpha-1-antitrypsin may be more common than has hitherto been reported. This condition should be systematically sought in all cases of liver disease of uncertain aetiology.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver in adults. 108 4

Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pale bodies (PB). HCC containing PBs was seen in 6 (5.7%) of 106 consecutively resected HCC cases. It was of interest that varying degrees of sclerotic change were found in 4 of the 6 cases and a certain correlation between PBs and sclerotic change of HCC tissue was suggested. Histologically, PBs were identified as a pale amorphous substance with a distinct margin and most of PBs occupied the entire cytoplasm of the cancer cells. PBs were practically negative for periodic-acid Schiff, and were also negative for phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and orcein stains. Ultrastructurally, PBs were found to be a mass of granular or fibrillar materials having a single-layered limiting membrane, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticular (rER) were also found in the vicinity of PBs, suggesting the presence of a close relationship between rough endoplasmic reticula and PBs. Most PBs were found to be strongly positive for anti-fibrinogen antibody and some of them were weakly positive for anti-albumin, but were solely negative for other antibodies such as anti-HBs antigen, anti-alpha-1-antitrypsin, and anti-ferritin. According to those findings, PBs were thought to be fibrinogens accumulating in cystic rER due to a defective intracellular transport or an excretion disturbance.
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PMID:Pathomorphologic study of pale bodies in hepatocellular carcinoma. 132 8

Six cases of primary hepatic carcinomas with a significant amount of sarcomatoid elements were examined by using immunohistochemical stainings. Four of the six cases were associated with ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), and one with mixed HCC and CCC. Alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were negative in sarcomatoid cells of all cases; vimentin stained positively in sarcomatoid tumor cells in two of the six cases; and cytokeratin (CK8) was detected in five cases. The CK8 was not detected in tumor cells of two cases of hepatic angiosarcoma, two of metastatic leiomyosarcomas, and one of metastatic fibrosarcoma, although vimentin stained positively in all these true sarcomas. It was concluded that sarcomatoid dedifferentiation of liver carcinomas might derive from both HCC and CCC. In addition CK8 might be an excellent marker to make a differential diagnosis of sarcomatoid cancers from true metastatic or primary sarcomas of the liver.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of sarcomatoid liver carcinomas. 171 Sep 48

A case of gastric adenocarcinoma with patterns resembling those of hepatocellular carcinoma is reported. The hepatoid component of the tumour was characterized by discrete masses, nests and broad bands of large polyhedral cells with central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; single-nucleus giant cells were frequently noted. Varying numbers of tumour cells stained immunohistochemically for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), and albumin. Thus, in this hepatoid gastric adenocarcinoma tumour cells demonstrated both morphologic and immunohistochemical features of partial differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Careful histological examination in conjunction with the immunohistochemical demonstration of AFP and other serum proteins can provide an useful contribution to the diagnosis of this rare histological type of gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatoid gastric adenocarcinoma. A histological and immunohistochemical study of a case. 172 9

The hepatoma-specific band of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase II (GGT II) and other three markers were evaluated in 77 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). The positive rate of GGT II (87%) was much higher than that of the increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP greater than or equal to 400 ng/ml, 54.5%), the increased alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT greater than or equal to 400 mg/dl, 64.9%) and alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme I (ALP I, 13.0%). In patients with AFP less than 400 ng/ml, the positive rate of GGT II was 95.2%, higher than that of ALP I (22.8%) and AAT (60.0%). The positive rate of GGT II was positively correlated to the volume of PHC (r = 0.324, P less than 0.05), but even in patients with small PHC (less than or equal to 65 cm3), the positive rate of GGT II (78.6%) was higher than that of AFP (50.0%) and AAT (28.6%). The ALP I positivity was only seen in patients with larger PHC. Follow-up study showed that GGT II, like AFP, might occur before liver tumor could be detected by B-mode ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Therefore, GGT II is a valuable marker of PHC, especially in patients whose AFP was negative or slightly increased; GGT II may be useful for relatively early diagnosis of PHC.
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PMID:Reappraisal of diagnostic significance of a hepatoma-specific band of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase. 197 81

Hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (hepatic giant cell carcinoma [HGCC]) is a rare entity, with only three cases reported. The tumor is histologically similar to giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, and the origin of the multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells has not been determined. The purpose of this report is to present a case of this rare tumor and compare its ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features with those of a conventional GCT of bone. Histologically, the HGCC consists of sheets of osteoclast-like giant cells with a background of mononuclear cells. The giant cells lack the pleomorphism seen in hepatocellular carcinomas with anaplastic giant cells. At the light microscopic level, most of this tumor was nearly identical to a GCT of bone, but several microscopic fields (less than 5% of the tumor) had the histologic appearance of a "usual" hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatic tumor was negative for HAM 56, epithelial cytokeratins, muramidase, and alpha-1-antitrypsin, with only focal positivity for chymotrypsin in mononuclear and giant cells. The GCT was strongly positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and chymotrypsin in both the mononuclear and giant cells and showed focal, weak staining for AE1 and AE3 in the mononuclear stromal cells. Ultrastructurally, both mononuclear and giant cells of the HGCC showed features typical of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the patient presented in this report died, the pattern of growth was different from most hepatocellular carcinomas. The overall histologic features of this tumor are distinctive and appear to justify separating this variant from other types of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatic giant cell carcinoma. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. 215 1

The phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin have been analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels in 232 healthy Japanese blood donors and in 240 Japanese patients with chronic liver diseases: 69 with chronic active hepatitis, 122 with liver cirrhosis, 41 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 8 with primary biliary cirrhosis. The liver cirrhosis patients had a gene frequency of 0.07 for P1*M3, which was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that (0.03) in blood donors. The gene frequency of P1*M3 was significantly increased in cryptogenic liver cirrhosis (P less than 0.05), and there was a tendency toward an increased frequency of P1*M3 in post-transfusion groups, and in primary biliary cirrhosis. There were also tendencies toward increased frequencies of P1*M3 in cryptogenic and post-transfusion groups of patients with chronic active hepatitis. The present study indicates that P1*M3 is a genetic or predisposing factor for chronic liver diseases, especially for cryptogenic and/or non A-non B viral chronic liver disease and also for primary biliary cirrhosis.
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PMID:An association between alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype and chronic liver disease. 215 26

Intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in malignant cells from an aspirate of a liver mass are suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma. Such inclusions were studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspirates from five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Seen by light microscopy, the inclusions were round or ovoid and were surrounded by a prominent halo. By both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, the hyaline bodies showed negative staining for alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin and cytokeratin. Ultrastructurally, they were not membrane bound and were composed of filamentous, finely granular material, resembling the early stages of Mallory bodies.
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PMID:Cytologic, ultrastructural and immunologic features of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in fine needle aspirates of hepatocellular carcinoma. 215 23


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