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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocellular carcinoma rarely causes disseminated metastasis or distant metastasis. We have recently encountered two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with omental mass. In the first case, we misdiagnosed the omental metastasis as part of the primary tumor. In the second case, omental mass was hypervascular on angiography and this was very useful for an exact diagnosis.
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PMID:[Two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with omental mass]. 217 3

An attempt was made to identify possible risk factors for developing hepatocellular carcinoma by comparing 48 autopsy cases that developed hepatocellular carcinoma and 40 autopsy cases that did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma during a follow-up period of more than three years after the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, Child's A grade and a family history of chronic liver disease and/or HBV carrier were significant independent risk factors for the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, respectively). Hepatocellular carcinoma tended to develop in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive males with a history of excessive alcohol intake. These results suggest that more careful and frequent examinations with various imaging modalities are needed for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with these risk factors.
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PMID:A comparison between hepatocellular carcinoma-developing and non-carcinoma-developing patients with cirrhosis over a long follow-up period. 217 21

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with or without cirrhosis in autopsy cases were compared clinically and pathologically. Seventy-five patients with HCC were autopsy cases: 51 had cirrhosis and 24 did not. The patients had been admitted between 1976 and 1986 and were studied in regard to age, sex, clinical onset, past history of hepatic disease, concomitant illness, etiologic factors (HB virus, blood transfusion and alcoholic history), cause of death, extrahepatic metastasis, time span between onset and death, size of the liver and spleen, mode of metastasis, tumor size, degree of anaplasia and also cancer cell histology, metastasis in patients who had received a transhepatic arterial embolization (TAE). Differences were found between the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups with respect to past history of hepatic disease, history of alcoholic abuse and cause of death. Notably in non-cirrhotic HCC, death was due to infection in many cases. Additionally extrahepatic metastasis was compared with respect to tumor type and degree of anaplasia. The incidence of metastasis was over 5 cm in solitary nodule cases. Patients with hematogenous metastasis alone were found in many cases to have multiple nodule type tumors in both the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups. The rate of extrahepatic metastasis was high in patients with anaplasia III and IV in both groups, but the incidence of hematogenous metastasis was particularly high in anaplasia I and II in HCC with cirrhosis. Cancer cell histology was not correlated with extrahepatic metastasis. All the patients treated with TAE were shown to have metastasis in the autopsy. However, the patterns of metastasis in these patients were similar to those in patients who did not receive TAE.
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PMID:[A clinicopathological study of extrahepatic metastasis in autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with or without cirrhosis]. 217 97

Chylous ascites is a rare complication of cirrhosis. We report 20 cirrhotic patients with chylous ascites seen between 1976 and 1989. Hepatocellular carcinoma was associated in 2 cases and, in 5 cases, chylous ascites followed surgery (portosystemic shunt in 4 cases). Chylous ascites was spontaneous in the 13 other cases. Prevalence of chylous ascites was 1.1 p. 100 in the cirrhotic population with ascites observed between 1983 and 1988. Chylous ascites, whether spontaneous or postoperative, was almost always refractory to medical treatment (16 of 18 patients). Treatment by Le Veen shunt was unsuccessful in 4 patients and lead to infection in 2 cases. Four of 6 patients treated by portocaval shunt died during the first postoperative month. Repeated paracentesis should be preferred, but this can be complicated by malnutrition. Seven of 10 alcoholic cirrhotics with spontaneous chylous ascites and 2 of 4 patients with postoperative chylous ascites died during the year following diagnosis. In view of this poor prognosis, hepatic transplantation should be considered early in selected patients.
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PMID:[Chylous ascites in cirrhosis. Retrospective study of 20 cases]. 217 27

Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) immunoreactivity was localized in normal and neoplastic human tissues using a monoclonal antibody to 55, 90 and 95 kDa molecules of NCA. This was compared to the localization of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as demonstrated by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In frozen sections, CEA was localized in normal surface epithelium of the stomach and colon where NCA was only weakly detected. Type 1 and type 2-like pneumocytes were positive for NCA, while CEA was localized only in type 2-like pneumocytes. CEA and NCA were both demonstrated in ductal cells of frozen pancreatobiliary and mammary tissues. The antigenicity of CEA and NCA in normal tissues was significantly lost after paraffin embedding as compared to frozen sections. NCA was consistently demonstrated in eccrine sweat glands embedded in paraffin. In various tumor tissues, CEA and NCA were colocalized and expression increased sufficiently to be detected in paraffin sections. Adenocarcinomas of the stomach and colon and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas, as well as neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and thyroid, showed a CEA predominance over NCA. In ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and breast and in cholangiocarcinoma, NCA reactivity was greater than CEA. Keratinizing foci of most squamous cell carcinomas of mucosal origin and some adenocarcinomas equally expressed both. Hepatocellular carcinoma, lobular mammary carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma were positive only with unabsorbed polyclonal antibody which widely recognizes CEA-related substances. Renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinomas, choriocarcinoma and basal cell carcinomas showed little or no immunoreactivity. Hence the relative ratio of CEA/NCA expression in tumors was dependent on the tissue of origin and histologic type. The cytoplasmic granular staining of NCA in cancer cells was a noteworthy difference from the plasma membrane-associated localization of CEA.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen in normal and neoplastic human tissues using a monoclonal antibody. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen localization. 218 20

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showing marked elevation of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (maximum; 70942.0 ng/ml at the end stage) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)(maximum; 7368.4 ng/ml at the end stage) was surgically resected. In the resected liver, there were two different tumor nodules which were adjacent to each other but clearly separated by a thin connective tissue. One of the nodules was a well differentiated and the other was poorly differentiated HCC. Immunoperoxidase study revealed that both CEA and AFP were localized in the tumor cells of the poorly differentiated HCC. This is the first report which clearly proved CEA synthesis in the cells of HCC. Serial staining showed that there was simultaneous synthesis of CEA and AFP in some of the tumor cells.
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PMID:Alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen producing hepatocellular carcinoma. A case report studied by immunohistochemistry. 241 87

Hepatocellular carcinoma cells obtained from ascitic fluid after diethylnitrosamine treatment of Sewall Wright strain-2 guinea pigs produce solid (primary) tumors, lymph-node metastases and malignant ascites when reinjected into animals of the same strain. When brought into culture the cells settle, form multilayer cultures and can be maintained in passage. In addition to epithelium-specific cytokeratin intermediate filaments (IF), these latter cells, like most cultured cells, also contain vimentin. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells in solid tumors and in metastatic tumors retain their original keratin IF and in general do not have an additional vimentin-IF system. When the tumor cells are present in ascites they develop vimentin-IF in addition to cytokeratin filaments. Vimentin is gradually lost when these cells sediment onto the peritoneal surface and proliferate continuously to form papillary projections, or when they are detected as circumscribed metastases. It seems likely, therefore, that in this system the synthesis of an additional vimentin cytoskeleton is related to reduced cell-to-cell contact and to the ability of the cells to survive individually or as cell clusters in body fluids, without being part of a cohesive tissue.
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PMID:Changing intermediate-sized filament patterns in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells of the guinea pig. 242 67

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurred in a 28-year-old woman treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) with methotrexate (MTX) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), off all therapy for 15 years, who was also heterozygous for alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1 AT) deficiency. MTXD is responsible for the development of HCC in this patient. The literature concerning the incidence of HCC in patients treated with MTX and 6-MP and in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencies is reviewed.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in a long-term survivor of acute lymphocytic leukemia. 244 27

Hepatocellular carcinoma often affects blacks at an early age. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if the association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma is the same in young and older black patients. Serum markers of hepatitis B infection were measured by radioimmunoassay in 391 blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma, 173 of whom were less than or equal to 30 yr old and 218 of whom were greater than or equal to 50 yr old. Only 2 of the young patients showed no markers of current or past hepatitis B infection compared with 31 (14.3%) of the older patients (p less than 0.001). Hepatitis B surface antigen was present in 81.5% of the young patients and of these 34.5% were e antigen-positive. The corresponding figures in the older patients were 29.8% and 10.9% (p less than 0.001 in each instance). It is concluded that whereas the association between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B infection is almost universal in young blacks, a subgroup of older blacks shows no evidence of ever having been infected with this virus.
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PMID:Effect of age on the etiologic role of the hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma in blacks. 244 50

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent cancer worldwide, responsible for approximately 1,000,000 deaths annually, most of them in the Far East and in sub-Saharan Africa. It usually presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. There is evidence of an etiologic role for hepatitis B virus infection in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carriers of the virus are 94 times more at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma than noncarriers. In many cases hepatitis B virus DNA is integrated within the cellular genome of the tumor. Programs have been established to detect hepatocellular carcinoma at an early stage; persons at high risk are regularly screened by measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and ultrasound examination of the liver. Surgical resection offers the only hope of cure at present, as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have not shown promise. Ideally, surgery should be done on small asymptomatic tumors.
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PMID:NIH conference. Hepatocellular carcinoma. 244 10


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