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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the liver and is associated with cirrhosis in 90% of cases. It is often a multicentric tumor with vascular involvement but surgical resection, when it is possible, remains the best treatment of HCC. Major resection is feasible in patients without liver insufficiency; patients with mild liver insufficiency can be treated by local resection. In selected cases, liver transplantation is indicated in order to prevent the high risk of recurrence of HCC which is observed after resection.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of primary cancers of the liver]. 133 33

The liver is morphologically and functionally modulated by sex hormones. Long-term use of oral contraceptives and androgenic steroids can induce benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in men than in women. The role of sex hormones and their receptors in the development of HCC was reviewed. Some HCCs may be androgen dependent but others may be estrogen or even both dependent. Further studies are mandatory in order to utilize such characteristics of HCC for an effective prophylaxis and therapy of this tumor.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and sex hormones. 133 94

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may uncommonly present with distant metastasis in the absence of a documented neoplasm in the liver. The authors herein describe the case of a 60-year-old man with cirrhosis who developed unilateral enlargement of the breast and a subareolar mass. This problem was clinically thought to represent gynecomastia, but a mammary fine-needle aspiration biopsy demonstrated a malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of large granular amphophilic cells. Bile pigment was visualized in the tumor on aspirate smears and cell block preparations; immunostains showed reactivity for cytokeratin and alpha-fetoprotein, but there was no positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, vimentin, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or S100 protein. These results indicated a diagnosis of metastatic HCC, which was subsequently confirmed by computed tomography of the abdomen.
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PMID:Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the breast, simulating gynecomastia: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. 133 27

We report two cases of giant hepatic angiomyolipoma with a prominent component of epithelioid smooth muscle cells exhibiting a distinctive trabecular arrangement. These cells possessed peripherally vacuolated and centrally condensed hyaline cytoplasm. The nuclei were eccentrically placed in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, they expressed HMB-45 intensely in the central condensed cytoplasm and actin in a perimembranous fashion. Staining for desmin, myoglobin and vimentin was negative. HMB-45 may prove to be a sensitive marker for angiomyolipoma with epithelioid cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma and other hepatic tumours with polygonal clear cells can be readily distinguished by these means.
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PMID:Hepatic angiomyolipomas with a deceptive trabecular pattern and HMB-45 reactivity. 133 41

62 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied to define some possible high risk group. The males to females ratio was 3:1, and the age ranged from 24-77 years. A high percentage of history of schistosomal infection, Jaundice, blood transfusion, cirrhosis and also contraceptive pill users among the females were found. The duration of the presenting symptoms and the survival since diagnoses were analyzed.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma; characteristics and possible etiologies in a group of Egyptian patients. 133 11

This paper reports the application of Cox regression model in prognostic factors analysis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (PHC), based on the data obtained from 1618 registered of cases PHC and 432 hospitalized patients of PHC in ZhongShan City from 1980 to 1989. The result shows that there is an association between PHC and the following factors: extrahepato metastasis, therapeutic method, clinical stage, alpha-fetoprotein, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, the number of tumors in the liver, the size of the tumor, icteric index and history of cirrhosis. Among these factors, clinical stage III, large liver cancer are unfavorable factors for PHC prognosis, while hepatectomy, hepatic artery catheterization chemotherapy, are favorable prognostic factors.
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PMID:[The analysis of prognostic factors of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with Cox model]. 133 14

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major human cancers, causing at least 250,000 deaths each year. Two of the major risk factors for this disease are aflatoxin exposure and hepatitis B virus. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between dietary exposure to aflatoxins and the excretion of the major aflatoxin-DNA adduct and other metabolites into the urine of chronically exposed people who were either hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive or -negative. The diets of 20 individuals, 10 males and 10 females, with ages ranging from 15 to 56 years, were monitored for 1 week, and aflatoxin intake levels were determined for each day. Starting on the fourth day, total 24-h urines were consecutively obtained for 4 days. The subjects were generally paired for hepatitis B virus status. Preparative monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography/high-performance liquid chromatography and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were carried out on each of the urine samples, and the relationship between aflatoxin intake values and the excretion of (a) total aflatoxin metabolites and (b) aflatoxin-N7-guanine (AFB-N7-guanine) was determined. The average intake of total aflatoxins was 12.0 micrograms for the entire study group during the 1-week collection period. However, there was considerable day-to-day variation in exposures, from a low of zero to a high of 29.6 micrograms total aflatoxins/day. Initial efforts to characterize total aflatoxin metabolites in the urine samples were made by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation coefficient for the analysis was 0.65, with P < 0.001.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Molecular dosimetry of aflatoxin-N7-guanine in human urine obtained in The Gambia, West Africa. 133 82

The patterns of sequential fluctuation of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were analysed in 218 patients with liver cirrhosis in whom the serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were regularly and serially measured for more than 1 year. In the group of patients with persistently abnormal high values (greater than 50 ng/mL) over a follow-up period of more than 1 year, the incidence of the subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma was statistically and significantly higher (44%) compared to the other groups which showed normal (less than 20 ng/mL) or low abnormal levels (21-50 ng/mL) (16%), and transient abnormal high levels (greater than 50 ng/mL for a period of less than 1 year, mostly within 5 months) or fluctuated repeatedly between normal and transient abnormal high levels (23%). Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in 48 patients more than 2 years after the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, and the fluctuating patterns of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were analysed in these patients. The serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in 10 of these 48 patients stayed below 50 ng/mL until about 2.0-10.0 months before the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and then increased steadily until the time of hepatocellular carcinoma detection. In these 10 patients, the monthly increasing ratios were approximately 1.6-4.8 times the previous values.
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PMID:A retrospective study on the patterns of sequential fluctuation of serum alpha-fetoprotein level during progression from liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. 137 64

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor derived from hepatocytes. It is the most frequent of primary liver cancers. In 90% of the cases, it occurs in a cirrhotic liver and is now more and more detected by ultrasonographic screening of cirrhotic patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma can also be diagnosed at a more advanced stage, when complications, such as ascites, jaundice or digestive hemorrhage, occur. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging are useful to confirm ultrasonographic findings, but angiography with infusion of Lipiodol in hepatic artery followed by CT scan remains the most sensitive method for diagnosis. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is derived from intrahepatic bile duct cells and does not occur in a preexisting cirrhotic liver. Diagnosis is usually late. Clinical features are those of hepatic malignancy with jaundice and abdominal pain. Morphological examination of the liver shows an intrahepatic tumor, sometimes associated with a dilatation of the surrounding bile ducts. Other primary malignancies are very rare. Fibrolamellar carcinoma presents as an abdominal mass occurring in a young adult with a non cirrhotic liver. Prognosis is better than that of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cystadenocarcinoma is a cystic tumor of bile ducts that can develop in a preexisting cystadenoma. Angiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor derived from sinusoidal endothelial cells. Exposure to various carcinogens is found in 30% of the cases. Epithelioid hemangio-endothelioma differs from angiosarcoma by its occurrence in young adults and a more favorable prognosis.
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PMID:[Clinical symptomatology and radiological aspects of primary cancers of the liver]. 145 34

Primary tumors of the liver that are of clinical significance are rare. Ninety-five percent of such lesions when encountered will be malignant and only 5% will be benign. Malignant primary hepatic lesions represent 2% to 3% of primary cancers encountered in the United States. Hepatocellular carcinoma constitutes 90% of malignant liver primaries in the adult. Seventy-five percent of cases are associated with cirrhosis of the liver and patients with hepatitis B infection have a 33- to 200-fold excess risk for this malignancy. Cholangiocarcinoma represents 5% to 10% of hepatic primary malignancies while hepatoblastoma is distinctly uncommon in adults. Treatment is primarily surgical, and resectability is limited by the presence of cirrhosis and spread of the tumor within and outside of the liver. Of the benign liver tumors, the liver cell adenoma seem to be associated with oral contraception and have a proclivity for intraperitoneal hemorrhage, especially during pregnancy. Focal nodular hyperplasia is a tumor-like condition that also may be associated with oral contraception. This article describes five cases, two of which had quite unique presentations.
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PMID:Primary tumors of the liver. 160 11


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