Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatoid carcinoma is a rare type of malignant tumor resembling hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in extrahepatic sites. A case of a combined hepatoid and serous papillary carcinoma of the ovary in a 72-year-old woman is reported. The hepatoid component showed alpha-fetoprotein production. Imperceptible merging of the hepatoid and serous papillary components was seen, supporting the theory of a surface epithelial origin of ovarian hepatoid carcinoma.
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PMID:Combined ovarian serous papillary and hepatoid carcinoma. 889 84

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is an uncommon gastric tumor. A throughout search of the literature revealed only 86 cases: the first case was reported by Bourreille et al in 1970. We describe a patient with primary gastric adenocarcinoma with high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (7000 ng/ml). Histologically foci strongly resembling hepatocellular carcinoma with hyaline globules were noted. Immunoreactivity for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a1 antitrypsin and CEA also indicate hepatocellular differentiation. This case provides informations on the DNA content and Ki67 expression of this unusual and aggressive variant of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Case report and review of the literature]. 938 Apr 25

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HA) is a rare variant of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, which is clinically characterized by increased level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and poor prognosis. Microscopic findings include both adenocarcinomatous and hepatoid elements. A case of gastric adenocarcinoma with focal hepatoid differentiation confined within the metastatic lymph nodes occurred in a 55-year-old woman, who developed an advanced gastric carcinoma composed entirely of a typical papillo-tubular adenocarcinoma. Metastatic tumors were present in 8 of 13 perigastric lymph nodes, and 3 of these showed medullary and trabecular tumour growth reminiscent of hepatocellular carcinoma with immunohistochemical positivity for AFP. Preoperative serum AFP was 630 ng/ml and dropped to 76 ng/ml 2 weeks after the operation. Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies on the entire primary tumour tissue failed to demonstrate a focus of hepatoid or an AFP-positive area. This suggests that elevation of serum AFP may be reflected by focal hepatoid differentiation only in the metastatic lymph nodes, requiring extensive evaluation of the metastatic tumour in regional lymph nodes in the case of AFP-producing gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma presenting focal hepatoid differentiation in metastatic lymph nodes. 946 92

Hepatoid carcinoma of the stomach is a rare neoplasm (especially in western countries) characterized by high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the presence of "hepatoid foci" inside the gastric tumor and poor prognosis, due to the earlier onset of liver metastases. We treated six patients for hepatoid carcinoma of the stomach between 1990 and 1997. The female to male ratio was 1:1, the average age was 71 (54-81) and the average AFP-level was 1160 ng/ml (603-1531). We performed 2 total gastrectomies, 2 subtotal gastrectomies and 2 gastro-jejunostomies (due to presence of liver metastases): in one case, the patient underwent a splenectomy as well. All the tumors showed the presence of "hepatoid foci" (the morphological feature is close to the hepatocellular carcinoma) and a positive immunoreactivity to AFP. The mean survival was 3 months: only one patient is still alive and disease-free (with a 52 months follow-up). After radical surgery, she underwent a chemotherapic treatment with cisplatin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil and l-leucovorin. We conclude that our series (the widest in Italy and one of most impressive in Europe) confirm the poor prognosis of this neoplasm, but we also want to underline that this tumor is not so "unusual" any more and it requires new types of treatment, like postoperative chemotherapy, besides surgery, to be fighted properly.
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PMID:Hepatoid carcinoma of the stomach: is it still an unusual anatomo-clinical entity? Six cases-report. 1074 88

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is reviewed in its clinicopathological and oncogenetic aspects. This variant of adenocarcinoma has been found to be an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) -producing carcinoma arising in extrahepatic organs, and it mimics hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of morphology and function. Vascular invasion, usually prominent, is often complicated by extensive liver metastases. A prompt and accurate diagnosis of hepatoid adenocarcinoma is important because the prognosis is very poor compared with that of common types of adenocarcinoma. The characteristic features of hepatoid adenocarcinoma are summarized on the basis of our own experiences and the literature. In addition, a possible molecular mechanism that under-lies the ectopic appearance of the hepatic phenotype is discussed.
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PMID:Hepatoid adenocarcinoma: a new clinicopathological entity and the hypotheses on carcinogenesis. 1181 Apr 59

We have experienced a very rare case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma in the lung. A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of the right S2, and underwent resection of the right upper lobe and dissection of the hilum and mediastinal lymph nodes (complete resection). Pathological examination revealed cuboid atypical cells arranged in a papillary or trabecular fashion, and a proliferating pattern in most part of the tumor resembling that of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry study showed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-positive tumor cells, hence the diagnosis of hepatoid adenocarcinoma was confirmed. Postoperative pathological staging classified the patient as having as p-T2NOMO, p-stage I B disease. The serum AFP level was not determined before surgery, but the value decreased gradually after surgery and has since remained within the normal range. At present, 32 months after the operation, no signs of recurrence have been observed. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma in the lung has been reported in eight patients with the present one being the ninth case. All were males, the tumor diameter was large and the patient prognoses were mostly poor, but at early stage two cases of long-term survival have been reported indicating that the stage is the most important prognostic factor also for rare tumor.
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PMID:Hepatoid adenocarcinoma in the lung. 1239 35

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is rare in the urinary bladder with only three well-illustrated previously reported cases. Pathological diagnosis is based on a combination of histological features resembling hepatocellular carcinoma and the positive immunostaining for alpha-fetoprotein. We present the clinicopathological features of four additional cases. The patients were males 66, 85, 61 and 68 years old. Hematuria was the initial symptom in all four patients. Two cases were treated by cystoprostatectomy and the remaining two by transurethral resection of the bladder. On histology, the cases showed a mixture of cells growing in a solid fashion and sheets or anastomosing trabeculae of hepatoid cells merging focally with a secondary glandular pattern of adenocarcinoma. Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules in all and bile production in three of the cases also supported the impression of hepatocytic differentiation. Immunoreactivity for alpha-fetoprotein, low molecular weight cytokeratin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, albumin, epithelial membrane antigen and a striking canalicular pattern when stained against polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), all indicate hepatocellular differentiation. The hepatic nature of the cells was further assessed by detecting the recently incorporated marker hepatocyte paraffin 1, by means of immunohistochemistry and albumin gene mRNA non-isotopic in situ hybridization, both of which had positive signals in all four cases. Three patients died 12, 14 and 19 months after diagnosis. The fourth patient was alive with disease at 26 months of follow-up. In conclusion, hepatoid adenocarcinoma seems to be an aggressive malignant neoplasm that is rare in the bladder whose correct diagnosis may need appropriate immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization means in addition to a complete patient clinical and pathological evaluation. The exact histogenesis and classification of these tumors remains to be established.
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PMID:Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. 1271 73

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a special type of extrahepatic adenocarcinoma, which has a striking morphologic similarity to hepatocellular carcinoma. Seven HACs arising in the stomach and one in the lung, all with liver metastasis, were studied. They shared clinical features, such as old age, high serum alpha-fetoprotein level, aggressive behavior, and hepatic tumor in absence of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Morphologically, tumors were characterized by an admixture of tubulo-and/or papillary adenocarcinoma with hepatoid foci. In six cases, liver metastases showed an exclusive hepatoid differentiation, virtually indistinguishable from HCC with solid growth pattern. As HAC and HCC cannot be differentiated on the basis of morphology alone, differences in immunohistochemical reaction patterns would be of considerable diagnostic help. Immunostaining for CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19, CK20, alpha-fetoprotein, p-CEA, and HepPar1 revealed that hepatoid areas of both primary and metastatic HAC have a specific immunoprofile, distinctive of this entity. On the one hand, positivity of virtually all HACs for alpha-fetoprotein, CK8, CK18, and the membranous, canalicular staining for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen underline its hepatoid nature. On the other hand, positive staining for CK19 and CK20 and frequent negativity for HepPar1 in both primary tumors and their metastases were distinctive features of HAC. Furthermore, HAC differs from combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, being negative for CK7. In addition, for comparison of immunohistochemical results, we stained with the same antibody panel a tissue microarray of 121 HCCs. Comparative genomic hybridization study of three HAC supports their hepatoid differentiation as aberrations found in HAC are common in HCC (4q-, 8p-), and hepatoblastoma (Xq+), respectively.
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PMID:Hepatoid adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and molecular study of eight cases. 1450 91

Alpha-fetoprotein producing tumors other than hepatoma and germ cell tumors have been widely reported, especially in carcinoma with hepatoid differentiation (hepatoid carcinoma). Hepatoid carcinoma has mostly been found in the stomach, but also occurs in many other organs. A rare case of hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary is presented. A 57-year-old Taiwanese woman was admitted because of lower abdominal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 10 cm right adnexal mass. She underwent a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy. A right ovarian mass measuring 13 x 9 x 8 cm was found. Microscopic examination showed characteristic features for hepatoid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tumor using a panel of eight markers (AFP, p-CEA, CD10, Hep Par 1, thyroid transcription factor-1, CK7, CK19 and CK20). This study contradicts the theory that hepatoid carcinoma derives from the surface epithelium of the ovary. Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary commonly contains a population of clear cells, which may lead to the misdiagnosis of yolk sac tumor or clear cell adenocarcinoma that may arise in many anatomic sites. Histologically, it is also difficult to distinguish hepatoid carcinoma from hepatoid yolk sac tumor. In such cases, demonstration of CD 10, Hep Par 1, membraneous patterns of p-CEA and CK7 would be invaluable for characterizing the tumor as hepatoid carcinoma. More studies are needed to confirm this observation.
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PMID:Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary: characteristics of its immunoreactivity. A case report. 1559 58

Hepatoid carcinoma is a primary extrahepatic neoplasm exhibiting features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in terms of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and behavior. In many cases, tumor cytoplasm is positive for alpha- fetoprotein (alpha-FP) with elevated serum alpha-FP level. Because not all hepatoid carcinomas are associated with alpha- FP overproduction, diagnosis should be made essentially by histological features of the tumor. We present a case of hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas in a 21-year-old male patient. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an inhomogeneously enhanced pancreatic head mass. Serum alpha-FP level was markedly elevated. He underwent pylorus-preserving Whipple's operation. The tumor showed hepatoid and neuroendocrine components simultaneously. The histopathological diagnosis was hepatoid carcinoma associated with neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. Seven months after the surgery, the patient is healthy without evidence of recurrence. To date, only 7 cases of hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas have been reported in the literature, and this is the first case report in Korea.
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PMID:[A case of hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas]. 1671 82


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