Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
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PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

Frequent loss of heterozygosity at chromosomal loci in a specific tumor type may indicate the presence of a tumor suppressor gene. We have examined loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 8p in paired tumor and constitutional DNA from 346 patients representing seven different types of human cancer. Frequent allelic losses were observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (22 of 46 cases, 47.8%), in colorectal cancer (12 of 26, 46.2%), and in non-small cell lung cancer (14 of 35, 40.0%), in contrast to low frequencies detected in breast cancer (5 of 56, 8.9%) and renal cell carcinoma (2 of 27, 7.4%). Ovarian cancer and gastric cancer showed intermediate frequencies of 33.3% and 22.2%. Subsequent analysis of 120 hepatocellular carcinomas and 94 colorectal cancers with five polymorphic markers along the short arm of chromosome 8 defined commonly deleted regions within the same chromosomal interval, 8p23. 1-8p21.3, suggesting that one or more tumor suppressor genes for both cancers may be present in that region.
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PMID:Frequent loss of heterozygosity for loci on chromosome 8p in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. 135 16

The anti-proliferative activity of human interferon (HuIFN) was enhanced by dipyridamole, 2,6-bis-(diethanolamino)-4,8-dipiperidinopyrimido-[5,4-d]-py rimidine, when tested against various human tumor cell lines, including KT (breast carcinoma), PLC/PRF/5 (hepatoma), MGC-I, U251-SP and T98 (glioma), HAC-2 and SHIN-3 (ovarian carcinoma), and MM-ICB (melanoma). The enhancement occurred irrespective of the kind of HuIFN used (alpha, beta or gamma) and the original degree of susceptibility of the cells to HuIFN. Even low doses down to 0.01 microM of dipyridamole that had no intrinsic anti-proliferative activity could enhance the effect of HuIFN. The enhancement of HuIFN effects seems not to be caused by induction of HuIFN production, because neither anti-viral activity nor HuIFN antigens were detected in culture medium in cells treated with dipyridamole. Mopidamole, a derivative of dipyridamole lacking one piperidine residue, produced little enhancement of the effects of HuIFN. Among ovarian cancer cell lines tested, the enhancement of the activity of HuIFN by dipyridamole for HAC-2 and SHIN-3 cells was equivalent to or greater than that for 3 chemotherapy agents (adriamycin, vincristine, and a camptothecin derivative). However, neither HOC-21 ovarian cancer cells nor HEC-1 endometrial adenocarcinoma cells were susceptible to any combinations. When MGC-1, U251-SP, and HAC-2 cells were injected into nude mice, the growth of tumors was more markedly inhibited by the subcutaneous administration of HuIFN in combination with oral administration of dipyridamole than by the HuIFN alone. Thus, this combination therapy seems to be worth trying for human cancer, although the enhancement of the effects of HuIFN by dipyridamole varied among the cell lines examined.
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PMID:Dipyridamole enhances an anti-proliferative effect of interferon in various types of human tumor cells. 137 1

Synergistic enhancement of anti-tumor effects through the combined use of natural human interferon-alpha (nHuIFN-alpha) and natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (nHuTNF-alpha) enabled us to decrease the effective dose of each cytokine and consequently to reduce side effects. One hundred and twenty patients with advanced or recurrent solid cancer were entered in the trial from April 1985 to January 1988, of whom 112 patients were evaluable. A mixture of nHuINF-alpha and nHuTNF-alpha was injected intravenously as the maintenance dose 1 x 10(6)U or more/day for over 8 weeks. There was no response in 40 patients injected with the maintenance dose of 1 x 10(6)U/day, but of 72 patients receiving more than 2 x 10(6)U/day (10 micrograms of nHuIFN-alpha and 3 micrograms of nHuTNF-alpha), 4 had complete responses, 10 had partial responses, and 4 had minor responses. The overall response rate was 12.5% (14/112) and the rate was 19.5% in 72 patients with more than 2 x 10(6)U/day. Positive responses were as follows: hepatoma 3/8), renal cell cancer (4/11), breast cancer (4/17), ovarian cancer (1/2), malignant thymoma (1/1) and liposarcoma (1/1). Serious adverse effects like hypotension, oliguria and severe hepatobiliary toxicity were never experienced. The effective and adequate dose of the mixed preparation was considered 2 to 4 x 10(6)U/day/body.
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PMID:Early phase II study of interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha combination in patients with advanced cancer. 157 56

CT and US findings of 7 cases of splenic metastases are described and the prevalence of splenic metastases at autopsy in 641 cases with malignant tumors were evaluated. Metastatic foci in spleen appeared mostly as poorly-defined low density masses on CT. Iodinated contrast material was administered in 2 cases, but no contrast enhancement was observed. US showed both hypoechoic and hyperechoic patterns. These appearances were nonspecific, but were similar to those of metastatic lesions in the liver which were often visible on CT associated with splenic metastases. At autopsy splenic metastases were found in 34 of 641 cases (5.3%). Gastric, colon, lung and ovarian cancers were most common primary tumors. However, the rate of splenic metastasis per tumor was highest in ovarian cancer (50.0%), followed by malignant melanoma (33.3%), colon cancer (16.2%) and gastric cancer (8.2%). Hepatoma which had the biggest number of autopsy cases in this series showed the lowest rate of splenic metastasis (0.8%).
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PMID:[Radiological diagnosis of splenic metastasis and its prevalence at autopsy]. 165 70

A reassessment of the risks of using oral contraceptives regarding cancer of the cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast and biliary system was commissioned in the form of a series of reviews, published in the journal Contraception, June 1991: this is the introduction to the reports. Since 1977, the risks of developing epithelial ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer have been clearly shown to be reduced and that protection persists for years even in ex-pill users. The chance of getting hepatocellular carcinoma is slightly higher in developed countries, still extremely rare; while not noticeably increased in those developing countries that have high liver cancer rates. The likelihood of getting cervical cancer is increased in some studies but not in others, reflecting the difficult problem of controlling of patterns of sexual behavior in this area. Even though broad analyses of breast cancer risks are reassuring, some detailed studies that focus on certain age groups of women do find increased breast cancer. A special multi-center, hospital-based, case-control study in developing countries, sponsored by WHO, concluded that the results of studies on cancer from developing countries are applicable to developing countries as well. So the overall benefits of using oral contraceptives outweigh the risks, both for women in areas where maternal morbidity and mortality are high, because of the effectiveness of the pill in preventing pregnancy; and in industrialized areas, where the benefits of preventing ovarian cancer alone is enough to make pill use safer than other methods, such as the condom. There appears to be no way to predict cancer risks for any subgroup of women who should avoid taking the pill.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and neoplasia: an introduction. 186 31

Predisposing factors to cervical cancer development are age, smoking, socioeconomical status, parity, and number of sex partners. Long-term oral contraceptive (OC) use and less than 50 mg estrogen dose have been weakly linked to increased cancer risk. Regular examination and switching to other contraception in case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is recommended. Estrogen in sequential pills (Ovacon) increases the risks of uterine cancer by affecting the mucosa. Predisposing factors are: absence of pregnancy (nulliparity), postmenopause, hypertension, and diabetes. Parity reduces the risk. The risk is reduced in combined pills and after use of 1 year. Protection is offered by the progesterone component for 10-20 years after cessation of use. Ovarian cancer is prevented by parity and OC use even 10 years later. High estrogen levels inducing frequent ovulation damage the ovaries. Promoting factors are: old age, avoidance of breast feeding, and overweight. Breast cancer promoters are 1st pregnancy in older age, early menarche, and no pregnancy at all. OC use under age 25 and before 1st pregnancy are significant risk factors. High progesterone levels are associated with increased mitotic activity in the breast. Rare benign fibrocysts can develop into breast cancer. OC use is connected to hepatoma development mainly estrogen-induced. Liver cancer was found twice as high in OC users. Hepatoma often ruptures causing hemorrhage. 8% of liver tumors are malignant with a survival rate of 50% of patients to 4.8 years. The possible association of OCs to skin melanoma and hypophysial tumors could not be confirmed. OCs regulate menstruation, reduce bleeding, protect against uterine and ovarian cancer, but cervical and breast cancers have been influenced by them.
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PMID:[The contraceptive pill and cancer]. 207 68

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) S1 and S3 produced against a human hepatoma cell line were found to recognize both H (type II) antigen and difucosyl type II structure (Y-antigen). Both MAbs reacted with hepatoma tissues obtained from surgical resection. A double determinant enzyme immunoassay (DDEI) employing these MAbs successfully detected the corresponding antigen(s) in the supernatant which is either released or shed from the immunizing hepatoma cell line. DDEI also revealed that these antibodies reacted with the corresponding antigen(s) in the sera from cancer patients. Among the sera from O blood group donors, individuals with primary hepatoma showed markedly higher levels of antigen concentration than the normal control group. Several cases with gall bladder, lung and pancreas carcinomas, which are of O blood type, also had significantly higher levels of antigen. One case with ovarian cancer of B blood type showed higher antigen concentration than normal O blood group donors suggesting a change in the carbohydrate structure of the corresponding antigen(s) in the serum. These data suggest that the release or the shedding of the antigen(s) from the cells may increase due to the malignant transformation, resulting in higher amounts of the antigen(s) in the serum of certain cancer patients.
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PMID:Circulating blood group-related antigen(s) in cancer patients detected by the monoclonal antibodies produced against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. 241 34

Serum levels of CA 125 and markers reputed as specific for cancers in relevant locations (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC, carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, CA 19.9, alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) were determined in 107 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas. The aim of this study was to assess their individual and combined sensitivities, and the power of CA 125 in excluding primary ovarian epithelial cancer from GI primary. Serum CA 125 levels (in U/ml) ranged from nondetectable to 400 in patients with esophageal, to 570 in those with gastric, and to 300 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The levels for liver secondaries, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma were 480, 2,720 and 1,100 U/ml, respectively. Serum SCC antigen was elevated in all patients with esophageal cancer, CEA or CA 19.9 in 52% of patients with gastric cancer and in 63% with liver secondaries, and CEA in 95% of patients with colorectal cancer; whereas serum CA 125 above 65 U/ml was found in 25% of this subgroup, but only in those with already an elevated concentration of specific marker(s). Serum CEA or CA 19.9 was elevated in 71%, CA 125 in 59% of patients with pancreatic cancer; the latter mostly in those with already elevated CEA or CA 19.9. Serum AFP was elevated in 84% and CA 125 in 40% of patients with hepatoma; the latter mostly in those with already an elevated AFP. CA 125 values exceeding 1,000 U/ml were found in 1 patient with pancreatic cancer (2,720 U/ml) and in 2 with hepatoma (1,050 and 1,100 U/ml). These findings illustrate the nonspecificity of the CA 125 antigen, its small if any advantage compared to the specific markers, and they diminish its role as a marker for primary ovarian cancer from GI primary unless it exceeds 2,800 U/ml.
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PMID:Serum levels of CA 125 in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. 248 Jun 31

From the extensive research conducted over the past 28 years, there is a clear picture that the noncontraceptive benefits of steroidal contraceptives are considerable and the benefits outweigh the risks. The risks associated with the increased incidence of thromboembolic disease have reduced with lower doses of both estrogen and progesterone. Also, the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma is very low, compared with the benefits. One benefit is the reduction in primary dysmenorrhea which was discovered in 1940. This occurs due to the suppression of ovulation and decrease in endometrial growth. Ovarian cysts resolve spontaneously; 3500 fewer hospitalizations due to ovarian cysts are reported for 1982. 11,000 fewer cases of ectopic pregnancy/year are a result of oral contraceptive (OC) use. Retrospective case studies have found that pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is prevented by use of OCs. This happens because the cervical mucus remains thick throughout the menstrual cycle with OC use, and thus prevents transportation of bacteria by sperm from the lower to the upper genital tract. Another reason is the decreased amount of blood flow at the time of withdrawal provides a less conducive environment for bacteria growth. 15,000 annual hospitalizations for PID are estimated to have been prevented by OC use. The data on breast cancer are conflicting, but most do not show a link between OCs and breast cancer. In fact, benign breast disease may be reduced by 23,000 annual hospitalizations due to OC use. Another benefit of OC use is the decreased incidence of endometrial and ovarian cancer. The relative risk among OC users in 1987 was estimated at P = 0.6 for primary endometrial cancer. This beneficial effect continues after OC use is discontinued. There is a 40% reduction in the incidence of ovarian cancer among OC users compared with nonusers, and is related to duration of use, but the protective effect continues after OC use discontinuation. Bone mass is increased in women who use OCs, although further study is required to determine whether the increased bone mass protects from osteoporosis after menopause.
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PMID:Noncontraceptive health benefits and risks of steroidal contraception. 257 66


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