Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1 January 1983 to 1 January 1988, 38 patients were treated for hepatic cancer in the HEINZ-KALK-Hospital. Thirty-one of these had liver metastases due to gastrointestinal cancer and seven had advanced primary hepatocellular cancer. In all patients more than 50% of the liver volume was involved with the tumour or the metastases. Eleven patients with liver metastases of gastrointestinal cancer (excepting colorectal cancer) were treated by intra-arterial hepatic bolus infusion of 750-1000 mg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by selective catheterisation of the hepatic or superior mesenteric artery after puncture of the right or left femoral artery. The median survival was 13.4 months. In seven patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma the same therapeutic regime was used. The median survival was 10 months. In the 21 patients with disseminated metastases of previously resected colorectal cancer a catheter was inserted into the gastro-duodenal artery and connected to a subcutaneously placed port. Brief infusions of 750-1000 mg 5-FU were administered for 14 days with a day interruption and thereafter 2 month interruption. There were few side effects and 80% of the patients continued to work or carry on a normal life. The median survival was 14.4 months. Based on this experience we consider hepatic chemoinfusion with 5-FU in gastrointestinal cancer and advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma is capable of improving quality of life and possibly expectancy.
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PMID:Hepatic chemoinfusion of 5-FU in metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer and advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 131 89

Major intraabdominal operations result in immunodepression. In addition, manipulation of malignant tumors may release tumor cells into the systemic and portal circulation. The additive effects of immunodepression and tumor cell release during surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer may increase the metastases of tumor to the liver. We, therefore, studied the inhibitory effect of immunoactivator OK-432 on the growth of the liver metastases in the perioperative period using a model in which rat ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells transplanted into the portal venous system consistently induce hepatic metastases. Forty-four male Donryu rats were assigned to a test group and a control group. The test group of 24 rats was treated with OK-432 (0.5 mg/day administered i.p.) for 7 days before tumor implantation, and the control group of 20 rats was treated with 0.2 ml of saline i.p. for the same number of days as the test group. The number of hepatic metastatic lesions at 14 days after tumor implantation amounted to 71.5 +/- 45.9 (SD) in the test group of 8 rats and 149.3 +/- 61.9 in the control group of 8 rats. The mean values of survival days after tumor implantation in the test group of 9 rats and the control group of 6 rats were 33.4 +/- 8.1 and 21.8 +/- 6.9, respectively. The values of OKT4+ in peripheral blood T-cell subsets in the test group of 7 rats and in the control group of 6 rats were 51.9 +/- 7.0 and 41.8 +/- 7.2%, respectively. These data showed significant differences between the two groups. Perioperative immunoactivation with OK-432 pretreatment reduced the incidence of liver metastases developed in rats given injections of tumor cells. We believe that the perioperative period is critical for the implantation and growth of metastases and that correction of perioperative immunodepression may favorably affect the development of metastatic disease and survival. This model may have relevance to the adjuvant treatment of human gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Prevention of growth of metastases in rat liver by perioperative immunoactivation. 348 44

The most important target in pharmaceutical therapy against cancer is complete suppression of metastases and recurrence after curative surgical operation. It is fundamentally, a growth inhibition and regression of small number of autochthonous tumors scattering in the host, and coexistence between tumor and host is also important. As immunosuppressive anticancer drugs have detrimental effects for patients in such cases, application of strong immunopotentiators such as lentinan should be expected. Lentinan showed a prominent effect on suppression of metastases in experimental systems of clinical models using MH-134 hepatoma, Madison-109 lung carcinoma and DBA/2.MC.CS-1 fibrosarcoma. Suppression of carcinogenesis may be considered as one of experimental methods to prevent metastases in a viewpoint of regression of small number of autochthonous tumor cells. Lentinan given at suitable timing and schedule showed marked prophylactic effect on chemical and viral carcinogenesis. Mode of action of lentinan as T-oriented adjuvant in its antitumor and metastases-inhibitory effects is also discussed. Considering excellent end-point results of Phase III with advanced and recurrent gastrointestinal cancer, lentinan is the most hopeful substance to prevent micrometastases.
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PMID:[Experimental studies on growth inhibition and regression of cancer metastases]. 400 87

A phase II study of MCNU tablets in gastrointestinal cancer was carried out by the Hanshin MCNU cooperative study group involving 21 institutions. The selection of patients and evaluation of tumor response were based on the Criteria for the Evaluation of tumor Response by Chemotherapy in Solid Tumor Patients by Koyama and Saito. Of 67 patients who were entered into the study, 46 patients were evaluable, and comprised of 27 cases of gastric cancer, 13 of colorectal cancer, 2 hepatoma, and 4 patients suffering from other typas of gastrointestinal cancer. MCNU was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/body/day for 4-6 days consecutive every 6-8 weeks. Only one partial response was obtained among the rectal cancer patients, with a response rate of 2.3% (1/43) in evaluable patients. Minor responses were obtained in 3 patients including 2 of gastric cancer with liver metastasis and 1 colon cancer with liver metastasis. Major side effects were marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. The former consisted of mainly leukopenia (15 patients, 30.0%), thrombocytopenia (20 patients, 40.0%), and oligochromaemia (10 patients, 20.0%). The latter consisted of mainly nausea and vomiting (5 patients, 10.0%).
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PMID:[A phase II study of ranomustine (MCNU) tablets in patients with gastrointestinal cancer--by cooperative study group]. 649

5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was administered by a constant venous infusion schedule at a dose of 300 mg/m2/d for 30-180 days. The dose schedule was associated with minimal toxicity in 32 patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated by employing a portable infusion pump for ambulatory drug delivery. Cumulative dose of 5-Fu was extended to three to four times that achieved by intermittent bolus therapy or short-term 5-day infusion therapy. Objective tumor regression was observed in six of 22 patients with measurable disease; 10 patients had stable disease, five of whom had a decrease in CEA levels. The responses according to tumor type were as follows: 1/1 gastric cancer; 1/2 hepatoma; and 4/18 colon cancer. The superiority of this new treatment schedule for 5-Fu will need to be established by prospective randomized clinical trials.
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PMID:Protracted ambulatory venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. 683 1

Malignant cells were detected in 24.2 percent of 859 ascitic fluid aspirates examined in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Burkitt lymphoma cells accounted for over one half (52.9 percent) of the malignant cells. Cancer cells were also detected in primary liver cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer in decreasing order of frequency. Exfoliative cytology is useful in the differential diagnosis of ascites.
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PMID:Cytologic diagnosis of ascitic fluid in Ibadan, Nigeria. 739 84

PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation obtained from cultured mycelia of the CM-101 strain of Coriolus versicolor belonging to basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier capable of exhibiting diverse biological activities. This agent has been used clinically for the treatment of postoperative cancer patients in Japan by oral use. In this paper, chemopreventive aspects of PSK were reviewed. Oral administration of PSK reduced the incidence of tumor and/or prolonged the survival period in the following chemical carcinogen-induced, radiation-induced, and spontaneously developed animal cancer models: rat gastrointestinal cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; rat hepatoma by 3'-methyl-dimethylaminobenzene; mouse thymic lymphoma by whole-body irradiation; mouse spontaneous mammary tumor; and so on. PSK did not interact and/or inhibit drug-metabolizing enzymes and had no effect on the Ames test. On the other hand, this agent scavenged active oxygen through the induction of manganese superoxide dismutase, prevented the increase in frequency of anticancer agent-induced sister chromatid exchange, and suppressed fetal deformation induced by transplacental injection of teratogen, suggesting an effect on the initiation or promotion process of carcinogenesis. Also, PSK regulated cytokine production and enhanced the antitumor activity of effector cells such as killer T-cells and natural killer cells, suggesting an effect on the growth process after the development of malignant cells. Thus, this agent seems to act at multiple steps during carcinogenesis rather than a particular step. The main mechanism may be an antiteratogenic effect attributed to radical trapping, preventive effects against chromosome injury, and immunomodulative effects attributed to the modulation of cytokine production and effector cell function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:PSK as a chemopreventive agent. 831 80

The antitumor effects of indomethacin and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were studied in C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with MH134 hepatoma cells. Combined treatment with indomethacin and IL-2 augmented natural killer (NK) cells in mice with MH134-induced peritoneal carcinomatosis, and the survival of the treated mice was significantly longer than the non-treated mice. In animals with subcutaneous MH134 tumors, the combined therapy with indomethacin and IL-2 significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced complete regression of the tumor in three out of five mice. These results suggest that indomethacin and IL-2 therapy could be effective on human gastrointestinal cancer cells as well.
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PMID:Combined therapy with interleukin 2 and indomethacin in mice inoculated with MH134 hepatoma. 858 94

Immunomodulatory effects of daily low-dose cisplatin treatment were investigated on compromised patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer. One case of esophageal cancer, 7 of gastric cancer, 2 of colorectal cancer, 1 of carcinomatous peritonitis from unknown origin, and 1 of hepatocellular carcinoma, were treated by daily low-dose cisplatin combined with 5-FU or tegafur, and their ECOG Performance Status Score (PS), number of lymphocytes, and CD3 zeta chain expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied to compare with the effects of treatment. Seven patients with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer showed a partial response and their PS was improved, and the number of lymphocytes and CD3 zeta chain expression of lymphocytes was increased. However, in two patients with progressive disease, a decreased number of lymphocytes and less expression of CD3 zeta chain were seen.
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PMID:[Immunomodulatory effect of daily low-dose cisplatin treatment]. 905 Nov 35

Port-site metastasis has been an unexpected finding after laparoscopic surgery in gastrointestinal cancer patients. No clear explanation exists for this phenomenom. The aims of this study were to evaluate the dissemination pattern in an experimental model of hepatocarcinoma in the rat and summarize current knowledge about the risks and the results of experimental studies on cancer dissemination during laparoscopic surgery. NDA-induced hepatocarcinoma was obtained in Sprague-Dawley rats. Tumors were manipulated during laparoscopy (group 1, n = 11) or laparotomy (group 2, n = 12). A Medline review of all experimental studies about the risk of cancer dissemination during laparoscopic surgery was undertaken. Both models were associated with implants in parietal wounds [1/11 in group 1 (9%) vs. 1/12 in group 2 (8%), p = NS]. Analysis of the current literature confirms that laparoscopy is associated with abdominal cell mobilization, and cells can be recovered in trocars, filtered exhaust gas, and instruments. Postoperative immunosuppression, the biologic aggressiveness of the tumor, and the gas used for laparoscopy also influence tumoral growth. Port-site metastases are secondary to multiple factors, including the technical skill of the surgeon, the biologic properties of the tumors, and local environmental aspects. Undoubtedly, laparoscopy can help disseminate aggressive tumors and should be reserved for diagnostic and staging procedures or for treatment of low-grade malignant tumors. Therapeutic resection, especially of colon cancer, should be restricted to prospective and randomized trials until there are enough hard data to rule out the clinical importance of this potentially severe complication.
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PMID:Cancer dissemination during laparoscopic surgery: tubes, gas, and cells. 1107 77


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