Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-eight patients fulfilling the criteria for carcinoma of unknown origin (CUO) between April 1983 and December 1987 were retrospectively analyzed. Mean age was 62 (33-83). Twenty-seven were males (56%) and 21 females (44%). The most common site of metastasis was the bone (35%), followed by the liver (19%) and lymph nodes (19%). 58% of cases were adenocarcinomas. Overall 274 studies for the detection of the primary tumor were carried out, the diagnosis being achieved in 10 cases (3.65%) which corresponded to lung neoplasms (5 cases), prostatic adenocarcinoma with negative markers (2 cases), bile duct neoplasms (2 cases) and pancreatic carcinoma (1 case). In our series, the most useful studies were computed tomography (CT) and fibrobronchoscopy. The necropsy, carried out in 11 patients, yielded 8 additional diagnoses: pulmonary neoplasm (one case), gastric adenocarcinoma (2 cases), malignant melanoma (2 cases), small intestine neoplasm (one case), parotid cancer (one case) and hepatocarcinoma (one case). Thirty-five patients were treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation; 12 objective responses (3 complete and 9 partial) were achieved, with a median duration of the response of 10 months (range 0.2-78 +). In view of the low diagnostic yield of the studies in patients with CUO we feel that the diagnostic study may be limited to CT scan with evaluation of the possible usefulness of bronchoscopy in individual patients. Regarding therapy, it is to be noted that there was a tendency for a longer survival in patients who responded.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of unknown origin. Diagnostic study of 48 cases and its clinical yield]. 270 4

CGP 6809 is a water-soluble nitrosourea derivative with quite distinct chemical and biological properties as compared with the well-known representatives of this class of compounds. It is related to the antibiotic streptozotocin, from which it is distinguished in the structure of the sugar moiety and the position of the methylnitrosourea residue. CGP 6809 possesses practically the same alkylating potential as streptozotocin; however, its carbamoylating activity is comparable with that of CCNU. In contrast to other nitrosourea derivatives, CGP 6809 showed relatively little activity in murine leukemias but was markedly active in solid transplantable melanomas (Harding-Passay, B16), in the 11095 prostate carcinoma, and in a substrain of Yoshida hepatoma (AH 7974) resistant to BCNU and CCNU. In the Ehrlich and Yoshida ascitic tumors complete responses were seen with no toxic death. Dose-dependent activity was found in the human lung carcinoma MBA 9812 and almost complete growth inhibition was achieved in the human melanoma WM 47 by both the oral and parenteral routes of administration. However, mammary tumor lines (Ca 755, 2661/61, R-3230AC), the Guerin-T8 uterus epithelioma, and the Rous sarcoma/S-R proved to be relatively refractory to this drug. This was also the case for the Lewis lung carcinoma implanted i.m. or s.c. However, development of lung metastases was markedly inhibited. Combination therapy using CGP 6809 with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, or chlorambucil in the same model led to partial responses of the primary tumor as well as almost total eradication of lung metastases.
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PMID:CGP 6809, a sugar-containing nitrosourea derivative: pharmacological and physicochemical properties. 271 56

We studied the effects on platelet function of cells isolated from freshly dissociated human tumor tissues (11 breast carcinomas, 9 colon carcinomas and 1 lymph node metastasis from melanoma) obtained at surgery as compared with cultured human tumor cells: namely, human melanoma 1402 cell line derived from a primary tumor and two lines derived from lymph node metastases (ME 7110/2 and Me 665/1) as well as a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). The three melanoma cell lines activated platelets by producing ADP, as evidenced by the inhibitory effect of apyrase and by the direct measurement of the agonist in the supernatants of tumor cell suspensions; this production was much greater by the cells derived from metastases than by the cells derived from the primary tumor. On the other hand, aggregation induced by Hep G2 hepatoma cells was unaffected by apyrase and was inhibited by hirudin or concanavalin A, suggesting that the cells aggregate platelets by producing thrombin, probably through tissue factor activity of the cells themselves. Cells isolated from 16 of the 21 human tumor tissues possessed a potent platelet-aggregating effect, which was not inhibited by apyrase, hirudin or concanavalin A, but was virtually abolished by the cysteine protease inhibitors iodoacetic acid or p-hydroxymercuri-phenylsulfonate. Collectively, our data demonstrate that cells isolated from freshly dissociated tumor tissues activate platelets through tumor-associated cysteine proteinases rather than by the ADP- or thrombin-dependent mechanisms characteristic of cultured human tumor cell lines.
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PMID:Mechanisms of platelet activation by cultured human cancer cells and cells freshly isolated from tumor tissues. 276 27

Accurate detection of intrahepatic metastases, or daughter nodules, of primary hepatocellular carcinoma is of crucial importance. Due to the introduction of infusion hepatic angiography, computed tomography (CT) after Lipiodol (iodized oil) infusion, and intraoperative ultrasound (US), tumors less than 10 mm in diameter are now frequently found. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of these three modalities in the detection of nodules in 45 patients who had hepatocellular carcinoma (confirmed by biopsy). CT with Lipiodol was superior to hepatic angiography in demonstrating nodules when they were overlapped by the primary tumor or very small in size. Intraoperative US demonstrated nodules in four avascular or hypovascular hepatocellular carcinomas, which both hepatic angiography and CT failed to demonstrate. In cases associated with severe liver cirrhosis, differentiation of small nodules from regenerating cirrhotic nodules was sometimes difficult with intraoperative US. The combined use of these three modalities is indispensable for the accurate detection of small nodules of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Metastatic nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with angiography, CT, and US. 281 41

The records of 128 patients who underwent hepatic resection at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1960 and 1984 were reviewed. Sixty patients (47%) had major resections and 68 patients (53%) had wedge or segmental resections. One hundred five patients had malignant tumors; 29 were primary liver tumors and 78 were metastatic (61 from a colorectal primary). Twenty-three patients had benign hepatic tumors. The overall operative mortality rate was 7% (7.6% for malignant tumors and 4.3% for benign lesions). Survival rate after resection of a hepatocellular carcinoma (22 patients) at 3, 5, and 10 years was 50%, 33%, and 12%. Survival rate after resection of colorectal metastases at 3, 5, and 10 years was 44%, 28%, and 21%. Overall survival was better for patients who were less than 56 years of age (p = 0.003) and for patients with no tumor at the line of resection (p less than 0.001). In patients with colorectal metastases, survival after wedge or segmental resection was better than after a major anatomic resection (p = 0.004). In these patients, the number or size of the metastases, the time interval between resection of the primary tumor and of the hepatic metastases, and/or the presence of mesenteric lymph node metastases were not significant. Most patients with primary malignant tumors require major hepatic resection. Patients with benign tumors and metastatic colorectal carcinomas require resection only to the extent that the tumor is sufficiently encompassed.
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PMID:Hepatic resection in 128 patients: a 24-year experience. 282 8

The morphological features of ninety-eight autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed in relation to pulmonary metastasis. Extrahepatic hematogenous metastasis was observed in 64% and lung was most frequently involved (62%). A close relationship was observed between intrahepatic vascular invasion and extrahepatic hematogenous metastasis to lungs. Portal vein-invasion was found in 80% of cases and significant correlations were recognized between the rates of portal vein-invasion and hepatic vein-invasion, and between the rates of portal vein-invasion and pulmonary metastasis. There was a close correlation among the macroscopic growth-pattern, incidence of vascular invasion, and pulmonary metastasis, and their degrees. Namely, the expansive type HCC showed significantly lower rates of vascular invasion and pulmonary metastasis than the infiltrative or mixed type HCC. These rates were particularly low in the expansive type, single nodular subtype HCC with size of a primary tumor less than 10 cm. Significantly low rates of pulmonary metastasis and portal vein-invasion were also noted in well-differentiated carcinoma (Grade I or II). The existence of cirrhosis or fibrosis of liver in cases with HCC was not definitely related to the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis. It was originally clarified that invasion to the portal vein and the size of HCC played a main role in pulmonary metastasis.
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PMID:Analysis of morphological factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in 98 autopsy cases with respect to pulmonary metastasis. 282 65

Radiation absorbed-dose estimates and treatment planning are reported for 11 patients with hepatoma who were administered 90Y-labeled polyclonal antiferritin IgG for therapy in a Phase 1-2 trial. Dosimetric studies included quantitation of the localization and clearance of 111In-labeled antiferritin IgG in tumor and normal tissues and computer-assisted tumor and normal liver volumetrics from X ray CT scans. For the group of patients studied, hepatoma volumes at the time of treatment ranged from 135 to 3442 cm3. Quantitative 111In antiferritin imaging prior to and following 600 or 900 cGy of external-beam irradiation of the primary tumor demonstrated that tumor uptake increased 1.1 to 5.8-fold (mean 2.8) following external beam. In contrast, changes in uptake of radiolabeled antiferritin in normal liver ranged from 0.35 to 2.1-fold (mean 0.93) after external irradiation. Administered activities of 90Y antiferritin ranged from 8 to 37 mCi and were dependent on tumor volume and tumor localization of radiolabeled antiferritin. Following external-beam irradiation, tumor dose rates achieved with 90Y antiferritin ranged from 10 to 20 cGy/hr and normal liver dose rates from 1.1 to 5.7 cGy/h. The corresponding absorbed dose in hepatomas ranged from 900 to 2150 cGy and in normal liver from 80 to 650 cGy. After external-beam irradiation, tumor and normal liver uptake of 90Y antiferritin was consistent with that of 131I antiferritin.
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PMID:Dosimetry and treatment planning for 90Y-labeled antiferritin in hepatoma. 274

An extremely unique case of a liver tumor occurring in a 70-year-old man is documented in this article. The primary tumor was well encapsulated by a thick, connective capsule and was histologically composed of two distinct elements, i.e., a common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a rhabdomyosarcoma. Metastasis of HCC was only seen in the left adrenal gland, whereas intrahepatic metastatic foci as well as tumor thrombi occluding the portal vein branches were composed exclusively of rhabdomyosarcoma. The possibility that the rhabdomyoblastic component might have come from the preexisting HCC by way of metaplastic proliferation is discussed.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. 284 Jan 92

Studies were conducted on the evolution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) in the tumors of both primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 27 HBsAg carriers; these were followed for up to 8 years after the resection of the primary tumor. Twenty-seven primary and 34 recurrent tumors were included. HBV antigens were detected in the tumor of the primary HCC in ten cases (37%): six (22.2%) had both antigens (Group I) and four (14.8%) had HBsAg alone (Group II). The remaining 17 cases were negative for both antigens (Group III). Intrahepatic tumor recurrence occurred in 17 cases; both HBcAg and HBsAg were found in the recurrent HCC in four of five HBcAg-positive cases (Group I). In contrast, HBcAg was detected in none of the other 12 cases (Group II, 0 of one; Group III, 0 of 11), and HBsAg in only one (Group II, 0 of one; Group III, one of 11), P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.02, respectively. Groups I, II, and III had extrahepatic recurrence in two, four, and seven cases, respectively. HBcAg was detected in none, while HBsAg was found in only one case (7.7%). The frequent detection of both antigens in the primary HCC and even in the intrahepatic recurrences suggests that HBV replication in HCC may occur more commonly than previously perceived, especially in the small HCC. Failure to detect HBV antigens in the extrahepatic recurrences suggests that the switch-off of the viral gene expression, particularly the core gene, may be an event related to the extrahepatic growth of HCC. HBV antigen expression in HCC is associated with more evident lymphocyte infiltration; this local host immune response may in turn result in a negative selection and expansion of the antigen-negative HCC cell clones. This suggestion is in accord with the fact that HBV antigens, particularly HBcAg, are rarely detected in advanced HCC.
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PMID:Evolution of expression of hepatitis B surface and core antigens (HBsAg, HBcAg) in resected primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in HBsAg carriers in Taiwan. Correlation with local host immune response. 284 26

The detectability of small daughter nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma by computed tomography after hepatic arterial infusion of Lipiodol (iodized oil) and by infusion hepatic angiography was studied in 102 cases. The Lipiodol was selectively accumulated by the tumor. Tumors and small daughter nodules appeared as high-density areas on computed tomography. In 24 cases daughter nodules were identified only by computed tomography. In 50 cases computed tomography demonstrated superior ability to detect the daughter nodules when compared with infusion hepatic angiography. In 21 cases the daughter nodules were detected for the first time in areas other than the main site of the primary tumor. Lipiodol-computed tomography is very effective in the diagnosis of daughter nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Computed tomography detection of small daughter nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma after iodized oil infusion into the hepatic artery. 284 74


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