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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study demonstrates the unique clinical and histologic aspects of fibrolamellar hepatic carcinoma, a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. Three cases are reviewed and an extensive study of immunologic and intracellular substances defining this tumor is presented. Length of survival was considerably longer than typical hepatoma. The cause of death generally is due to a lack of control of the primary tumor. Successful treatment appears to relate to the ability to perform a total excision of the primary hepatic tumor. Chemotherapy should be used only in the presence of metastatic disease. Surgical resection of metastatic disease, unlike the usual hepatocarcinoma, may have some beneficial use. Fibrinogen was found in all tumors. It is possible that this tumor produces fibrinogen to create its unique histologic appearance. Carcinoembryonic antigen is described for the first time in this tumor. Both deposits of alpha-1 antitrypsin and copper were found in most of the tissues studied. The presence and amounts of these substances differ markedly from the common type of hepatoma. This unique composition of intracellular components may both facilitate histologic diagnosis, particularly if the amount of tissue is limited, and give further insight into the etiology of this tumor.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. Review of three cases and the presentation of a characteristic set of tumor markers defining this tumor. 240 35

A human hepatoma cell line, associated with thorotrast exposure, from an hepatitis B marker-negative patient was established as a permanent cell line (Mz-Hep-1) in tissue culture. Histology of the primary tumor, as well as phase contrast, transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the cultured cells showed typical characteristics of liver cells. Mz-Hep-1 cells secreted complement components (C2, C3, C4), carcinoembryonic antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, chymotrypsin, haptoglobin and retinol-binding protein and expressed HLA-, transferrin-, blood group B-related determinants and complement component C5 and carcinoembryonic antigen on their cell surface. Mz-Hep-1 cells represent the first human hepatoma cell line, which is strongly associated with a carcinogen.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma after thorotrast exposure: establishment of a new cell line (Mz-Hep-1). 241 35

A murine monoclonal antibody that reacts with human colonic cancer (250-30.6) was labeled with radioactive iodine (131I) and the antibody was injected intravenously into 15 patients with known metastases originating from carcinoma of the colon (10 cases), malignant melanoma (1), breast (1), pancreas (1), hepatocellular carcinoma (1), and adenocarcinoma of unknown origin (1). Of the patients with metastatic colon carcinoma, there were 19 known deposits as judged by the techniques of clinical examination, x-rays, and scans obtained using sulpha-colloid. Of these 19 deposits, 17 (90%) were found using the 131I-labeled monoclonal antibody. In one case, the primary tumor, previously undiagnosed, was found. In only 1 of the 10 patients was tumor not found and this was due to the subsequent finding that the undifferentiated tumor did not react with antibody. Of the five patients who did not have carcinoma of the colon, three had negative scans, but two were positive. Thus, the technique of immunoscintography can readily detect both primary and metastatic tumors.
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PMID:Visualization of metastases from colon carcinoma using an iodine 131-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody. 241 93

A 73-year-old man had primary lung cancer that produced both alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The preoperative serum AFP level of 1039 ng/ml decreased to the normal range 8 weeks after surgery. The preoperative serum HCG level of 11 mIU/ml, which temporarily decreased to the normal range after operation, soon increased thereafter. The serum HCG level decreased, however, to the normal range after postoperative mediastinal radiation therapy. During relapse, only the serum HCG level increased gradually to 26,000 mIU/ml 7 weeks before his death. The lung cancer was classified histologically as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemically, AFP was detected in the mononuclear tumor cells of the primary tumor in the lung, and HCG was found in the giant cells of the subcarinal metastatic lymph node. The concanavalin A non-reactive fraction rate for AFP was 81.3%, and appeared to differ from those of hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumor.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin-producing lung cancer. 243 15

Purified monoclonal mouse or polyclonal horse antibodies (Ab) to rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were conjugated with daunomycin via a dextran bridge. The therapeutic effect of these Ab-daunomycin conjugates on an AFP-producing rat hepatoma which was inoculated s.c. in Donryu rats was studied. Tumors (s.c.) and distant metastases were present by 14 days after tumor inoculation and the serum AFP level was 35 micrograms/ml. The injection of the Ab-daunomycin conjugate, started on day 14, significantly prolonged host survival with inoculated controls having a median survival of 25 days compared to 57 and 60 days for the treated groups. In a second study the Ab-daunomycin conjugates were injected i.v. every other day for five times after the surgical resection of the s.c. tumor. There was a slight therapeutic effect with either antibody or daunomycin alone but treatment with the AFP Ab-daunomycin conjugates significantly prolonged survival and 60% of these treated animals were "tumor free" when sacrificed on day 100. Serial quantitation of the concentration of AFP in the serum of the treated tumor-bearing or in the tumor-resected rats correlated with the therapeutic effectiveness of the Ab-daunomycin conjugates. These experiments show that the optimal treatment with specific antibody-drug conjugates will be in hosts where there is a small residual tumor burden such as may exist following resection of a primary tumor mass. They further show that the serial quantitation of serum AFP can be utilized to determine if residual tumor is present following treatment with Ab-daunomycin conjugates.
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PMID:Therapeutic effect of treatment with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to alpha-fetoprotein that have been conjugated to daunomycin via a dextran bridge: studies with an alpha-fetoprotein-producing rat hepatoma tumor model. 244 May 63

An unusual case of extrahepatic disseminating hepatocellular carcinoma in a 64-year-old man is reported. The initial symptom was abdominal fullness and progressive ascites. Alpha-fetoprotein in the serum was 117,000 ng/ml. Exploratory laparotomy disclosed dissemination of tumor nodules throughout the abdominal cavity without any other possible primary tumor. CT scan, ultrasonography and hepatic angiography were unable to detect any tumor lesion in the liver. The final histologic diagnosis was hepatocellular carcinoma, although at first epithelioid mesothelioma was suspected. The present case of hepatocellular carcinoma was thought to have possibly developed from ectopic liver on the peritoneum.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma arising in the abdominal cavity. An autopsy case of ectopic liver origin. 246 14

The effects of radiotherapy on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied clinically. Involved-field radiotherapy was employed in the treatment of 27 cases with HCC (irradiation of primary tumor in 12 cases and tumor embolism in 15 cases). Adverse effects of radiation on hepatic functions were minimum, as fluctuations in choline-esterase, prothrombin time and T-bilirubin were insignificant. Changes in ICGR-15 were assessed from the aspects of radiation dose and treatment field. Aggravation was minimum when Time-Dose-Fractionation factor (TDF) was 80 and the involved filed was not more than 8 x 8 cm, but moderate pathologic changes were noted when these levels were exceeded. Clinical effect of the radiotherapy was monitored by medical imagings was remarkable, as tumor regression was evident in 82% of the primary tumors and in 92% of the tumor emboli irradiated. Histologically, improvement of at least clinical stage IIA as described by Ohboshi and Shimosato were observed in 88% of the primary tumors and 80% of tumor emboli treated. When TDF exceeded 80, improvements observed were at least IIA in all cases treated. From these results, it is clear that a TDF80 or higher dose is required for the effective radiation treatment of HCC, and that a treatment field of not more than 8 x 8 cm is safe for the TDF80 dose. As for prognosis of the cases treated with radiotherapy, significant prolongation of the survival period was achieved in the cases with nonresected HCC involved tumor emboli. Thus, radiotherapy for HCC is effective not only for the primary tumor but for tumor embolism as well, and this is a particularly useful modality for the latter.
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PMID:[The study on radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 255 69

The nuclear DNA content of 77 resected specimens from 65 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was measured by means of flow cytometry. The DNA index (DI) was calculated and the correlation between the DNA ploidy pattern and clinicopathological findings was studied. In the cases of HCC with a diameter of less than 5 cm, the 3-year survival rate of the aneuploid cases was 44.5 per cent, which was significantly lower than the 91.4 per cent of the diploid cases (p less than 0.001). Serum AFP levels were over 1000 ng/ml in 46.4 per cent of the aneuploid tumors and 18.5 per cent of the diploid tumors (p less than 0.05). The DI's were investigated in several sites of the same tumor and no difference was seen among the different sites in 16 out of 17 tumors. From 8 recurrent cases out of 12 who underwent a second resection, seven did not show any significant differences in DI from their primary tumor. On the other hand, four cases of second primary tumors showed different DI's to those of their first primary tumor. Intra-hepatic metastatic tumors exhibited the same DI's as their primary tumors. Thus, the nuclear DNA ploidy pattern may serve as a stable and valuable marker in predicting the malignant potential and prognosis of HCC.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content of hepatocellular carcinoma. 255 44

According to the European Liver Transplant Registry the percentage of patients selected to receive liver grafts for malignant liver disease decreased from 40% in 1983 to 23% currently. This development is due to disappointing results: 2-year survival rates of about 25-30% have been reported for malignant diseases compared to about 70% for benign diseases. Correlating the stage of the primary tumor and the survival time according to TNM-grading recent publications now show that the T1-3 and N-0 stage are clearly prognostic for long-term survival in contrast to a T-4 or N-1 stage which indicate a limited prognosis for about 90% of patients with HCC and Klatskin carcinoma during the first postoperative year.
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PMID:[Liver transplantation in tumors]. 257 57

Over the last few years, many tumor markers have been proposed to clinicians but only a limited number of them meet the necessary criteria to be useful for either screening, diagnosis, prognosis or follow-up of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Both CEA and Ca 19-9 have proven to be clinically useful for the detection of recurrent tumors. AFP remains the most useful marker for the follow-up of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its interest for the early detection of primary tumor is debated. Recent data suggest that assays based on monoclonal antibodies to AFP could be used for detection HCC in high risk populations. Decarboxy-prothrombin assay may be a complement to the AFP test in this localization. In addition to GI hormones, serotonin and urinary 5HIAA, Neuron Specific Enolase appears to be a valuable marker for the follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors of the GI tract. Only a few of the new tumor-associated antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies, appear to be promising clinical ly e.g. Ca50 TAG-72, PAO. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated markers have also been used with other techniques: Immunohistochemistry: this technique is useful to the pathologist for the diagnosis of undifferentiated tumors by demonstrating the presence of specific antigens on tissue samples. Immunoscintigraphy: it can be useful for the detection of either metastases of recurrences of colorectal cancer by using anti-ACE antibodies labeled with Iodine 131 iodine 123 or indium 111. However immunoscintigraphy is less sensitive than both ultrasonography and CT scan for localizing hepatic metastases. At the present time the best indication of this method remains the diagnosis of pelvic recurrences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The value of tumor markers in digestive oncology]. 269 5


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