Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pi phenotype was determined in 335 patients with liver diseases and compared with the results in 2830 healthy blood donors. Eleven of 335 patients had phenotype MZ (3.3%, compared with 2.9% in healthy blood donors (NS]. None of 53 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis had the MZ phenotype, but it was found in 2 of 18 patients (11.1%) with cryptogenic cirrhosis, 3 of 78 (3.8%) with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 2 of 36 (5.6%) with primary sclerosing cholangitis, and 1 of 26 (3.9%) with primary biliary cirrhosis. Altogether, 3 of 335 patients were homozygous for Pi ZZ and had cirrhosis. One of them (a male) developed a hepatoma and died. We conclude that the reported association between Pi MZ phenotype and chronic non-B active hepatitis does not seem to include patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, whereas the possibility of an association between cryptogenic cirrhosis and the MZ phenotype cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Heterozygous MZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in adults with chronic liver disease. 240 84

In order to improve the evaluation of the frequency of alpha-fetoprotein reappearance in non-neoplastic liver disease, we assayed serum alpha-fetoprotein in 251 patients: 134 chronic alcoholics including 7 HBs Ag positive patients, 113 of whom had cirrhosis and 117 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 56 of whom were HBs Ag positive. None of these patients had any signs of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein values above the upper normal limit (much greater than 20 ng/ml) were compared with the type of the liver disease, the serum aminotransferase activity, the usual hepatitis B-virus markers assayed by standard radioimmunology and, in 70 patients, with the results of the HBV-DNA hybridization in the liver. Abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels were found in only 6.3 p. 100 of patients with HBs Ag negative alcoholic disease and in 17 p. 100 of patients with chronic active hepatitis, without any statistical difference concerning the presence of HBs Ag or not. Alpha-fetoprotein was more often abnormal in subjects who had hypertransaminasemia. For given values of transaminases no statistical relationship between serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and the presence of HBs Ag was observed.
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PMID:[Occurrence of increased alpha-fetoprotein in non-neoplastic hepatopathies of alcoholic or non-alcoholic origin]. 242 87

During the last 5 years, radical hepatic resection was performed in 91 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty-one of them had tumour recurrence in the remaining liver during the follow-up period. Second hepatic resection was carried out on nine of them 4-38 months after the first hepatectomy. The ages of these patients ranged from 39 to 65 years with an average of 53.7. There were six men and three women. Eight patients had underlying cirrhosis of the liver and one chronic active hepatitis. Six patients are alive, four being free of HCC and two with disease, for 15-45 months after the first operation. Two patients died of systemic cancer dissemination. The remaining patient had tumour recurrence in the liver again and died of hepatic failure after the third laparotomy. The survival rate of these nine patients was significantly better than that of twenty-two patients who were treated by other palliative methods. The present result shows that a second hepatic resection is a possible and meaningful method of treatment for the patients with recurrent HCCs in the liver remnant.
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PMID:Second hepatic resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. 242 40

Chronic hepatitis is defined as chronic liver disease of at least 6 months' duration. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis and allows classification into chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis. Chronic persistent hepatitis is associated with hepatitis B infection or with infection with the non A non B viruses. The prognosis is good and it requires no treatment. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis presents a very active clinical, biochemical and immunological picture. Prednisolone therapy is of benefit in prolonging life. Steroid therapy is disappointing in hepatitis B related chronic active hepatitis. Superinfection with delta agent may affect HBsAg positive patients: it appears to cause activation of disease and progression towards cirrhosis. Hepatocarcinoma is another complication of chronic B infection. Chronic active non A non B hepatitis is diagnosed by elimination since there is no specific diagnostic test.
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PMID:[Value of puncture biopsy of the liver during diagnostic and follow-up examinations (clinical aspects, immunological markers, images) in chronic hepatitis]. 242 1

Clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic features of 75 patients of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) living in the Gizan Area of Saudi Arabia and their follow-up, during a 2-year period, were characterized. Eighty-nine percent of the cases were defined histologically, whereas in the rest, ultrasonographic (US) evidence along with an alphafetoprotein (AFP) level exceeding 480 ng/ml were taken as the positive evidence for PHC. Eighty percent of the cases were male patients, with the peak incidence during the seventh decade. The most common clinical presentations were hepatic enlargement (91%), abdominal pain (76%), splenic enlargement (33%), and acites (33%), followed by bruit, fever, metastases, and varices. Alteration in a liver function test was manifest in 97% of the cases, AFP values greater than 480 ng/ml in 57%, and a hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in 65% of the cases. There was no intersex variation in positivity for HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen (anti-HBc) among the 30 PHC cases studied. Positivity for HBsAg or the overall hepatitis B virus exposure in PHC cases was higher than the normal controls (P less than 0.001). In addition to histologic confirmation of PHC in 67 cases, there was histologic evidence of cirrhosis in 25%, or chronic active hepatitis in 19% of the cases. At the time of diagnosis, the average duration of the presenting illness was less than 2 months, while the mortality in the ensuing 2-month period was 73%. The average span of total illness in the vast majority of cases was 4 to 6 months. Two female patients (one with fibrolamellar carcinoma) however, survived for 2 years. Immunization against hepatitis B virus should be considered for all newborns in such hyperendemic communities. A continuous program should be started in such communities to screen and immunize all those yet unexposed to hepatitis B virus. The established HBsAg carriers should be periodically examined ultrasonographically along with an AFP estimation for initiating the chemotherapeutic and other measures against PHC in fairly early stages of malignancy.
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PMID:A profile of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the Gizan Area of Saudi Arabia. 242 66

To determine the frequency and significance of alpha-fetoprotein elevation in severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis, 558 serum samples obtained from 83 patients were tested by an immunoenzymometric assay. All patients received corticosteroids and sampling occurred at 6-12-mo intervals during 96 +/- 6 mo of follow-up. Twenty-nine patients (35%) had an abnormal level. In 26 patients, the abnormality was at presentation. In 3 patients, the abnormality developed 11-127 mo later. Two of these patients had primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in patients with an alpha-fetoprotein elevation at presentation (p less than 0.02). After therapy, the alpha-fetoprotein level normalized and patients entering remission had lower levels than at entry (p less than 0.001). alpha-Fetoprotein levels, however, did not correlate closely with serum aspartate aminotransferase levels at entry nor did they distinguish patients with different patterns of histologic activity. Outcomes after therapy were similar in patients with and without alpha-fetoprotein elevation. Three patients (4%) developed primary hepatocellular carcinoma after 113 +/- 26 mo but only 2 had elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. We conclude that elevation of the alpha-fetoprotein level occurs commonly at presentation. The abnormality frequently resolves after corticosteroid therapy and it does not have prognostic significance. An elevation that occurs after treatment suggests primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Frequency and significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein elevation in severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis. 244 60

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of death in patients with chronic liver disease and in carriers of hepatitis B virus. Because of its relative frequency in certain geographic areas, such as Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, mass screening programs have been instituted to implement secondary prevention. It is believed that early diagnosis provides the best chance of successful surgical resection and hopefully prolonged survival. Although a number of serological and imaging tests are available, the most cost-effective modality is serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and real-time ultrasound (USS) used together. The current recommendation is recognition of high-risk groups (cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis B carriers) and provision of AFP and USS testing at 3 to 6 months intervals, with recourse to fine-needle aspiration biopsy and celiac angiography for individuals who test positive with either test.
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PMID:Screening studies and markers. 245 66

Six acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C reactive protein and transferrin) have been measured in the sera of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with different aetiology (viral, autoimmune and alcoholic) and histology (steatosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis), and in patients with liver cancer. 1) The most striking changes concerned alpha 2-macroglobulin (increased) and haptoglobin (decreased) levels. 2) Transferrin was lower in alcoholic liver disease than in viral CLD, CRP was lower in autoimmune than in viral or alcoholic CLD, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was lower in viral and alcoholic CLD than in autoimmune CLD. Acute phase protein assay may prove useful in differential diagnosis, particularly when specific markers are not available (autoimmune, non A, non B, alcoholic liver diseases). 3) No significant differences related to aetiology (B, non A non B, D viruses) were observed in viral CLD. 4) Patients who progressed to CLD after acute viral hepatitis type B or non A non B did not show different APP levels from those who had recovered when tested 8-12 months after the acute phase. 5) The pattern of APP changes observed in primary liver cell carcinoma was different from both the cirrhotic pattern and the pattern presented by other tumours with or without liver metastasis.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in chronic and malignant liver diseases. 245 53

Seventy HBsAg-positive patients, including 24 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 34 with chronic active hepatitis, 12 with chronic persistent hepatitis and 30 asymptomatic healthy hepatitis B virus carriers were tested for anti-HBc IgM using the Corzyme-M test. Anti-HBc IgM was detected in 50% of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 26.5% of the chronic active hepatitis patients, 25% of the chronic persistent hepatitis patients, but in none of the healthy hepatitis B virus carriers. There was no correlation between the presence of anti-HBc IgM and HBeAg, hepatitis B virus DNA, ALT or alpha-fetoprotein levels in either the chronic active hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatitis patients. However, a significantly higher positive rate of anti-HBc IgM was noted in the HBeAg-positive or HBV DNA-positive primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients than in those with negative markers of viral replication, but no correlation was noted between the presence of anti-HBc IgM and serum ALT or alpha-fetoprotein levels in these primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Also, no differences in positivity for HBeAg, HBV DNA or levels of serum ALT were noted when patients with high titers of anti-HBc IgM were compared to those with low titers. Thus, anti-HBc IgM cannot distinguish between HBsAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma, does not correlate with serum ALT or alpha-fetoprotein levels and is only associated with markers for viral replication in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Based on this, anti-HBc IgM appears to have a limited usefulness for diagnosis of either chronic hepatitis B or primary hepatocellular carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Is anti-HBc IgM a useful clinical test in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma? 245 29

Insulinlike growth factor II (IGF-II) is a highly mitogenic fetal growth factor suspected of regulating the growth of a wide spectrum of tissues via an autocrine or paracrine mode of action or both. High steady-state levels of IGF-II RNA were detected in 45% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) arising from woodchuck livers with persistent woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection. Analysis of WHV RNA in the same HCCs revealed that HCCs with high levels of IGF-II RNA contained low or undetectable levels of WHV RNA and HCCs with low levels of IGF-II RNA contained high levels of WHV RNA. Integrated WHV DNA was present in HCCs from both groups, but viral DNA replicating forms were present, predominantly in HCCs with low levels of IGF-II. Several IGF-II RNAs, the most prominent of which were poly(A) species of approximately 3.75 and 1.1 to 1.3 kilobases, were detected only in precancerous nodules and HCCs. Levels of IGF-II were elevated two- to three-fold in the serum of woodchucks with chronic active hepatitis preceding the occurrence of HCC. Proliferation of a population of oval cells, which arise from portal tract regions in the liver, preceded the development of HCC and was a prominent feature of livers from which tumors with high levels of IGF-II occurred. The HCCs tended to have distinct histological features according to their growth factor status. Tumors with low levels of IGF-II were generally highly differentiated acinar-trabecular HCCs, whereas tumors with high levels of IGF-II were more anaplastic, with regions of fibrosis and fatty accumulation. A model to relate the pathology of WHV infection to oval cell proliferation and IGF-II expression in the development of these heterogeneous HCCs is presented.
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PMID:Insulinlike growth factor II expression and oval cell proliferation associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in woodchuck hepatitis virus carriers. 245 14


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