Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine liver disease patients (7 chronic persistent hepatitis, CPH; 10 chronic active hepatitis, CAH; 13 liver cirrhosis, LC; 9 primary hepatocellular carcinoma, PHC, without LC; and 10 PHC with associated LC) and 20 controls were assessed for their serum alpha-L-fucosidase (ALF) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and several routine liver injury parameters. Tumor diameter in those with hepatic cancer was assessed by angio-CT. Only ALF and AFP were significantly greater in patients with PHC and PHC + LC patients as compared to patients with LC alone. At an accepted cutoff level of 500 ng/ml, the AFP level provided 43% false negative tests. On the other hand, an ALF level exceeding 740 mumol/hr/ml provided a sensitivity of 84% with a specificity of 94%. No relationship between the ALF level and Child's criteria or with any liver injury parameter was evident. Considering all individual values, the ALF, rather than the AFP, correlated with tumor size. This finding suggests the ALF level may be of value in the early detection of PHC as well as in the follow-up of patients treated for PHC.
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PMID:Serum alpha-L-fucosidase. A more sensitive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma? 171 99

The authors describe 2 patients with chronic active hepatitis accompanied for many years by stable monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy. In addition to the formation of liver cirrhosis, these patients were diagnosed to have multiple myeloma. Analysis of the authors' and reported data (including those on transformation of liver cirrhosis associated with monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy to hepatocellular carcinoma) makes it possible to regard patients suffering from chronic diffuse liver diseases associated with monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy as a group at risk for paraproteinemic hemoblastosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of the development of paraproteinemic hemoblastoses and hepatocellular carcinoma in the indicated group of patients is under discussion.
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PMID:[The development of multiple myeloma in chronic diffuse liver diseases with a long course of monoclonal immunoglobulinopathy (a description of 2 cases)]. 179 3

The localization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in normal and pathological livers was examined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies at the light microscopic level. In normal liver, immunoreactive TIMP was detected in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels, fibroblasts, bile duct cells and Kupffer cells, indicating that TIMP is likely to be a general element of the liver. Immunoreactivity was observed in newly-formed blood vessels, proliferating bile ductules, and fibroblasts in the expanded portal area and fibrous septa of chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. TIMP was strongly stained in the capsule of hepatocellular carcinoma. The intensity of the immunoreaction in the capsule was generally greater than that in cirrhotic liver apart from the tumor mass. In three of five cases with hepatocellular carcinoma, endothelial walls in contact with tumor cells were positive.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in normal and pathological human livers. 184 26

In the present study, we have measured the serum levels of laminin and PIIIP in patients with various liver disease, and studied serial changes in serum laminin and PIIIP after TAE. The following results were obtained. 1) Serum levels of laminin as well as PIIIP were significantly higher in liver cirrhosis, liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic active hepatitis compared to that in healthy controls, and serum levels of laminin revealed significant correlation with serum levels of PIIIP in liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. While serum levels of PIIIP were elevated significantly in acute hepatitis, serum levels of laminin were not elevated. 2) There was no significant difference in the serum levels of laminin between liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. The results suggested that serum levels of laminin as well as PIIIP cannot be a specific marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. 3) In the study of serial changes of these peptides after TAE, changes in the serum levels of laminin in effective cases were different from those in ineffective cases. The results suggested that measurement of serial changes in the serum levels of laminin after TAE was considered to be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of TAE. Also, changes in serum levels of laminin after TAE were different from those observed in serum PIIIP. The results suggest that mechanism of release of laminin into serum in hepatocellular carcinoma may be different from that of PIIIP.
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PMID:[Serial changes in serum levels of laminin and type III procollagen N-terminal peptide after transarterial embolization (TAE) in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 185 19

Adenomatous hyperplasia, a hyperplastic parenchymal nodule in the cirrhotic liver, has been presumed to be a preneoplastic lesion in human hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, phenotypes of the sinusoidal endothelium were examined in adenomatous hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and normal livers. Adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 74) was histologically classified into two types: ordinary (n = 35) and atypical (n = 39). While the former lacked hepatocellular atypia, the latter consisted of atypical hepatocytes equivocal as to benignity and malignancy, in some of which overt malignant foci were found. The expression of A, B, and H blood group antigens, receptors of Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, and factor VIII-related antigen on the sinusoidal endothelium was minimal or nil in normal livers. It was mild and focal in chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and ordinary adenomatous hyperplasia, while expression was moderate in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia with or without malignant foci, and severe in malignant foci in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and in hepatocellular carcinoma. These data suggest that phenotypes of the sinusoidal endothelium of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia are closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and phenotypic changes of the sinusoidal endothelium occur stepwise corresponding to various stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic livers.
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PMID:Expression of ABH blood group antigens, receptors of Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, and factor VIII-related antigen on sinusoidal endothelial cells in adenomatous hyperplasia in human cirrhotic livers. 185 20

Three viruses are responsible for posthepatitic cirrhosis: hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D (also called delta) virus and hepatitis C virus formerly known as non-A, non-B virus. Delta virus is a defective organism which can replicate only when coinfection with hepatitis B virus is present. These three viruses cause chronic active hepatitis which, after a period of 5 to 30 years, gives rise to posthepatitic cirrhosis. Chronic infections with these viruses account for more than 90 p. 100 of chronic active hepatitis in France and constitute a major cause of cirrhosis. Beside complications (hepatocellular insufficiency, portal hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma) which are common to all types of cirrhosis irrespective of their origin, the course of posthepatitic cirrhosis is characterized by possible episodes of reactivation of chronic hepatitis and by a very high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Two kinds of treatment are now available: antiviral therapy (basically with interferon alpha) and liver transplantation. Antiviral therapy must, of course, be given before the stage of cirrhosis has been reached. Liver transplantation in these patients raises special problems due to recurrence of viral infection in the graft. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus, which also prevents the B-delta coinfection, must be systematic in populations at risk.
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PMID:[Post-hepatitis B, B-D and C cirrhosis]. 190 35

Non-A, non-B hepatitis, recently renamed as hepatitis C virus (HCV), accounts for over 90% of hepatitis cases worldwide associated with blood transfusions. Application of a recombinant-based enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to HCV to a sample of 500 male Saudi blood donors and 260 healthy Saudi pregnant women indicated that HVC is endemic in the Saudi population. Anti-HCV was detected in 28 (5.6%) of the blood donors and 12 (4.6%) of the pregnant women, for an overall frequency of 5.3% in healthy Saudi adults who had never received blood transfusions. This rate is at least 5 times higher than that reported for the US and Western Europe. Also assessed was the HCV rate in subsamples of Saudis considered at risk of this infection. Here, anti-HCV was detected in 22 (78.6%) hemophiliacs, 26 (33.3%) patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease, 17 (26.1%) hemodialysis patients with renal failure, and 35 (15.9%) individuals with a sexually transmitted disease. The prevalence of anti-HBc ranged from 28% in blood donors to 46% in hemophiliacs. The significantly higher prevalence of HCV in patients with sexually transmitted diseases than in blood donors suggests that this disease is transmitted through heterosexual contact as well as blood transfusions. Given the high baseline level of HCV infection in the Saudi population and the possibility of serious sequelae (e.g., chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma), routine anti-HCV screening of blood donations is urged.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies in high-risk Saudi groups. 177 46

We studied the prevalence of anti-HCV in 585 sera from various individuals, using enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Abbott Lab.). Anti-HCV was detected in 16 (10.7%) out of the 150 patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases diagnosed by liver biopsy and they consisted of none out of 10 acute viral hepatitis, 3 out of 15 chronic persistent hepatitis, 4 out of 50 chronic active hepatitis, 2 out of 32 liver cirrhosis, and 7 out of 43 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 43 (45.3%) out of 95 patients with HBsAg negative liver diseases diagnosed by liver biopsy and they consisted of 5 out of 8 acute viral hepatitis, 2 out of 10 chronic persistent hepatitis, 17 out of 30 chronic active hepatitis, 4 out of 15 liver cirrhosis, and 15 out of 32 hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in 22 (38.6%) out of 57 hemodialysis patients, in 3 (6.7%) out of 45 kidney transplants, in 2 (11.1%) out of 18 fatty liver diagnosed by liver biopsy, in 2 (1.3%) out of 150 healthy blood donors, in none out of 40 healthy volunteers, in 6 (31.6%) out of 19 rheumatoid arthritis and in 6 (54.5%) out of 11 systemic lupus erythematosis cases. There were familial clusters of chronic liver diseases in 4.7% of patients with HBsAg negative/anti-HCV positive chronic liver diseases, while in 19.4% of patients with HBsAg positive/anti-HCV negative liver diseases. Incidence of anti-HCV within patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases was higher in HBsAg negative patients than in HBsAg positive patients (17.6% and 10.3%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in various groups of individuals in Korea. 190 58

Hepatitis B is one of the best-researched infectious diseases, both as regards the structure of the virus and in terms of diagnostic possibilities for identifying its stages, tracing its course and, perhaps most importantly, prognosing its development. Even though the range of test methods and supplementary analyses available is extensive and complex, it is nevertheless well worthwhile applying them selectively, as they allow the risk to be defined with relatively good accuracy. Of particular importance is the ability to distinguish between acute and chronic courses and, within the chronic course, between chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis. Another major benefit is the possibility of predicting in good time malignant degeneration in the form of hepatocellular carcinoma. Though by contrast with South-East Asia and especially Central Africa, where the Hepatitis B morbidity rate can attain 80 to 90 per cent in some regions, the proportion of the population affected in Central Europe is relatively low (a figure of 5 per cent is quoted for West Germany), this disease is of particular significance because of its concentration among certain professional and risk groups and because a not inconsiderable proportion of policyholders are recruited from these groups.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B and risk in insurance medicine]. 196 45

We examined serologically and immunohistochemically the new carbohydrate antigen CA-50 to clarify the mechanism of its high serum value and clinical significance in several liver diseases. The subjects included 145 patients with benign liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The serum CA-50 value was high in chronic active hepatitis with lobular disorganization, liver cirrhosis and HCC. It was not correlated with serum levels of GPT nor gamma-GTP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that proliferated bile ductules showed mainly positive staining in all subjects, whereas hepatoma cells were negative. The proliferated bile ductules with positive staining for CA-50 were quantified by an original method. The number of the proliferated bile ductules with positive staining for CA-50 was significantly correlated with the serum CA-50 value (r = 0.62, P less than 0.05). In the FPLC analysis, there was no significant difference between the expression pattern and molecular weight of CA-50 in liver diseases and pancreatic cancer. Also no difference in the carbohydrate structure that coexisted with CA-50 was detected in the ConA or LCA affinity column study. It was suggested that the increase of carbohydrate antigen CA-50 in several liver diseases might reflect the proliferation of bile ductules, and that the structure of CA-50 in benign liver diseases does not differ from that of CA-50 from patients with pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[Serological and immunohistochemical evaluation of new carbohydrate antigen CA-50 in several liver diseases]. 196 7


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