Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera of 173 patients with various forms of liver disease along with serum precipitates produced by polyethylene glycol were screened for the presence of a microsomal antigen referred to as ubiquitous tissue antigen (UTA) and its antibody by double diffusion precipitation in agarose gel. UTA was detected in 7 or 26 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 1 of 5 with alcoholic hepatitis, 2 of 14 with alcoholic cirrhosis and 18 of 98 with hepatoma. Antibodies to UTA were found only in 2 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 1 with alcoholic cirrhosis and 1 with hepatoma. No UTA or its antibody were noted in sera of 5 patients with alcoholic fatty liver, 10 patients with hepatitis B, and 15 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. Positivity for the UTA or its antibody was restricted to severe, chronic cases irrespective of diagnosis, indicating that persistent tissue destruction might be necessary for antigen release or antibody formation.
 ...
PMID:Detection of a microsomal antigen and its antibody in human liver diseases. 22 26

Immune complexes (IC) were investigated in sera from 208 individuals with various clinical types of viral hepatitis diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria, including liver biopsy. Immune complexes were assessed by platelet aggregation (PI A) and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The data were related to autoimmune phenomena (especially rheumatoid factors) and to the role that the IgM class of hepatitis B (HB) antibody might have in IC formation. Although the highest frequency of P1 A was in the few sera from patients with cirrhosis or hepatoma, the next highest was in sera from acute hepatitis patients (71%), and the lowest in sera from chronic active (57%) and chronic persistent (46%) hepatitis patients. A proportional number of patients with IC's were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs). A parallel prevalence was noted between P1 A and autoantibodies, with anti-Ig's being found more frequently in sera from acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis patients. The relationship between RIA results for complexes and RIA results for anti-IgG was inverse, as though anti-IgG interfered with IC reactivity by RIA. Anti-IgM pre-incubated with sera increased the amount of P1 A in sera from patients with acute hepatitis as well as in those from patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, suggesting a more frequent IgM involvement in IC's in these diseases than in chronic active hepatitis. Whereas liver cell damage in acute and active hepatitis may reflect elevated autoantibodies, the IgM class of HBs antibody may be involved in acute as well as chronic persistent hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Autoimmune implications of immune complexes in clinical variants of hepatitis B. 49 83

e-antigen and anti-e were assayed in sera of asymptomatic HBs-Ag carriers and of patients with liver diseases. Thirteen out of 34 (38.2%) asymptomatic carriers were positive for e-antigen, which was in sharp contrast to the reports from USA and Europe. e-antigen was detected to a greater extent in patients with chronic active hepatitis, reversely anti-e in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis. However, e-antigen was found rarely in patients with cirrhosis and never in 23 cases with hepatoma positive for HBs-Ag. HBc-Ag in the liver was detected in 4 out of 8 e-antigen positive asymptomatic carriers and in 4 out of 5 patients with chronic liver diseases with e-antigen respectively, and moreover in 3 out of 14 anti-e positive cases, so that the presence of anti-e did not necessarily mean the negativity of HBc-Ag in the liver. Anti-HBc titer, however, was lower in anti-e positive sera than in e-antigen positive ones. This may implicate the decreased replication of HBV in cases with anti-e. These results emphasize that the investigation of e-antigen/anti-e is mandatory for the evaluation of the prognosis of asymptomatic carriers and of patients with chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of e-antigen/anti-e, with special reference to HBc-antigen in the liver. 60 68

The histopathology of acute and chronic infections associated with viral hepatitis is reviewed and illustrated. Particular attention is directed to changes that help to differentiate chronic persistent from chronic active viral hepatitis. Features that help to identify the intravenous drug abuser who has hepatitis, whether acute or chronic, include the presence of particulate birefringent material (usually talc) in reticuloendothelial cells, as well as tissue eosinophilia. Ground-glass hepatocytes are characteristic of the HBAg carrier. They may be present in chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis and in cirrhotic livers with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Ground-glass cells which contain the surface component of the HBAg, can be stained specifically by a number of stains that include aldehyde fuchsin and orcein. The cirrhotic liver of the HBAg-seropositive patient may show liver-cell dysplasia, a premalignant change.
 ...
PMID:Light microscopic morphology of viral hepatitis. 80 46

A quantitative immunoenzymatic assay has been developed for alpha-fetoprotein which is sensitive and specific. Seventy-eight percent of United States hepatoma patients have detectable serum alpha-fetoprotein elevations over 50 ng/ml, whereas only 2 of 93 other gastrointestinal tumors were positive. Thirteen percent of patients with acute viral hepatitis, 44% of patients with massive hepatic necrosis, and 23% of patients with chronic active hepatitis had measurable serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. However, patients with non-viral acute or chronic liver disease were largely alpha-fetoprotein negative and alpha-fetoprotein was undetectable on multiple postoperative samples from 6 patients after hepatic lobectomy in the rapidly regenerating phase. Therefore, alpha-fetoprotein elevations in nonmalignant liver diseases are not due solely to hepatic regeneration but appear to be related to viral injury. The immunoenzymatic assay does not require purified antigen or radioisotope equipment and can detect and quantitate clinically significant alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 50 ng/ml.
 ...
PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases: evaluation of an immunoenzymatic assay. 112 34

Antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was tested in 658 cases of hepatitis and liver diseases with ELISA, ninety of these cases were positive, with a total infection rate of 13.68% (90/658). The positive rate of anti-HCV was highest in patients with chronic severe hepatitis (33.78%) and CAH accompanied by cirrhosis of liver(31.58%). The infection rate in other types of hepatic diseases in order of frequency was as follows: fulminant hepatitis (18.18%), CAH without cirrhosis (15.13%), subacute severe hepatitis (13.43%), CPH (5.88%), primary hepatocellular carcinoma (3.85%), and acute hepatitis (2.42%). Serological markers of HBV infection were detectable concomitantly in 77 of the 90 cases who were anti-HCV positive, but there was no evidence of mutual inhibition of viral replication. There was neither appreciable difference in the level of hyperbilirubinemia in cases of hepatitis with or without anti-HCV, nor significant diversity in the number of death between cases of severe hepatitis with and without anti-HCV.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of serum antibody against hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatitis and liver diseases]. 128 51

A 57 year old man with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis, regularly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 10 years after diagnosis of the hepatitis. Assays of the hepatitis C virus antibodies against capsid and non-structural proteins revealed seronegativity in serial serum samples of this patient stored in the previous 10 years during follow up. The seronegative hepatitis C antibodies excluded hepatitis C virus as the cause of the HCC. The occurrence of HCC in this case suggests the necessity of surveillance for early detection of liver cancer in patients with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
 ...
PMID:Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a man with auto-immune chronic active hepatitis. 131 68

Serum and urinary neopterin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 120 healthy controls, 16 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, 12 patients with acute hepatitis, 13 with chronic inactive hepatitis, 35 with chronic active hepatitis, 46 with liver cirrhosis, 18 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 6 with alcoholic liver disease. Serum and urinary neopterin levels were significantly higher in almost all patients than in normal subjects. Neopterin levels were highest in acute hepatitis and correlated with the results of liver function tests, but did not show this correlation in chronic liver disease. In chronic liver disease, the levels of serum neopterin in non-A non-B viral patients was significantly increased, compared with those in B viral and alcoholic patients. The rate of abnormal urinary neopterin levels in chronic liver disease was higher than the rate of abnormal serum neopterin levels, but no difference was observed between the rates of abnormal serum and urinary levels in acute hepatitis and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. These results indicate that serum and urinary neopterin levels may be useful markers for cell-mediated immunity in liver disease, and that the immune system response in chronic liver disease may be different for different pathogens.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of serum and urinary neopterin levels in patients with various liver diseases. 131 6

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in plasma or serum were studied in 416 patients with liver diseases: acute hepatitis (AH, n = 30); fulminant hepatitis (FH, n = 36); chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH, n = 57); chronic active hepatitis (CAH, n = 39); compensated liver cirrhosis (cLC, n = 78); decompensated liver cirrhosis (dLC, n = 84); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 64); advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC, n = 28); and compared with that of a control group (n = 106) of healthy subjects. The t-PA levels showed significant increase in patients with AH, FH, CAH, cLC, dLC and HCC, compared with normal controls. The abnormal rates in t-PA levels (higher than 8.3 ng/ml) for each type of liver diseases were 86.1% in FH, 46.2% in CAH, 50% in cLC, 85.7% in dLC, 67.2% in HCC, and 89.3% in aHCC. t-PA levels tended to be higher in more advanced liver diseases. t-PA levels significantly correlated positively with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in AH, cLC, dLC, HCC and aHCC, and negatively with plasmin alpha 1-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), plasminogen (Plg), FDP, AT III and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) in dLC, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (Fbg) in HCC. t-PA levels in patients with FH, CAH and dLC were significantly higher than those in patients with AH, CIH and cLC, respectively. Moreover, the changes of t-PA levels in the clinical courses of various liver diseases revealed that t-PA levels increased sensitively with progression of liver diseases or in advanced liver diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Clinical evaluation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in patients with liver diseases. 131 84

Between July 1986 and April 1989, 334 hospitalized adult Ethiopian patients with chronic liver disease were studied according to a protocol to define their clinical features and to identify risk factors with the aim of preventive intervention. Of these, 14 had chronic hepatitis, 208 cirrhosis and 112 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both clinical and histological diagnostic criteria were employed. A detailed questionnaire was used to document demographic and clinical data. A common clinical presentation among patients with chronic hepatitis was darkening of the face and hands with or without hypertrichosis of the face and blisters over the dorsi of the hands. This overt or latent form of porphyrea cutanea tarda (PCT) responds to chloroquine. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver commonly present for the first time with ascites, splenomegaly, haematemesis and/or melena from oesophageal varices, and mental changes due to hepatic encephalopathy. Overt or latent forms of PCT are also common features. Peculiar to these cirrhotics is the rarity of spider naevi, gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, Dupuytren's contracture, parotid gland enlargement and clubbing of the fingers. Exhaustion, loss of appetite, rapid loss of weight, right upper quadrant and/or epigastric pain (all often of less than 6 months' duration, a big, hard, tender and grossly nodular liver with bruit, signs of portal hypertension, and/or hepatic encephalopathy, in a young male with a rapid down hill course characterize the Ethiopian patient with HCC. Serum anti-nuclear factor, anti-mitochondrial anti-bodies and anti-smooth muscle anti-bodies were absent in those with chronic hepatitis and were uncommon in the cirrhotics and HCC cases. One or more hepatitis B virus markers were found in 86% of chronic hepatitis, 88% cirrhosis and 78% HCC and the HBsAg carrier state was found in 36%, 29% and 23%, respectively. Among the HBsAg carriers, HBeAg positivity was less common than anti-HBe but anti-HDV was significantly higher than in the healthy general population. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels greater than 500 mg/ml were present in 16 (8%) cirrhotics and 58 (52%) patients with HCC. Histologically, 3 of the chronic hepatitis patients had progressed to cirrhosis, 8 of the cirrhotic patients had chronic active hepatitis and 85% of HCC cases occurred in a background of macronodular cirrhosis. Three cirrhotics developed HCC during follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Chronic liver disease in Ethiopia: a clinical study with emphasis on identifying common causes. 131


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>