Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in 129 patients with chronic liver disease (85 with chronic active hepatitis and 44 with cirrhosis) and 53 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The commercially available second generation anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay kit was used. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus were detected in 16.2% of the patients with chronic liver disease and in 15.1% with hepatocellular carcinoma. Of the HCV positive patients in all groups 51.7% were positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers indicating present or past infection. Prevalence of HBV markers in all the three groups (CAH, cirrhosis and HCC) was higher as compared with anti-HCV prevalence. These results suggest that HCV infection may not be a major cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in India and indicate the presence of other aetiological agents.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma patients in India. 132 97

The aim of this study was to elucidate the positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic (with negative HBsAg and without blood transfusion history) and non-alcoholic (type-B and type-NANB) patients with chronic liver diseases. The clinico-pathological difference between anti-HCV positive and negative alcoholic patients was also investigated. Anti-HCV (Chiron C-100-3) was assayed with Ortho EIA kit in 196 patients. Liver function tests and the histological findings were evaluated in 111 cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) and 39 of liver cirrhosis (LC). Following results were obtained. [1] Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic patients was 40% in CH, 36% in LC and 100% in hepatocellular carcinoma. In non-alcoholic type-NANB group, it was 75%, 68% and 69%, respectively. [2] Serum GGT/ALT ratio was higher in anti-HCV negative patients than positive patients both in CH and LC alcoholics. In non-alcoholic group, it was higher in type-NANB patients than type-B patients. [3] Among the histological findings in CH alcoholics, lymph follicles in the portal area were characteristic in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were not seen in negative patients. [4] In LC alcoholics, regenerative nodules were irregular in size in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were even and small in negative patients. [5] Serum HCV-RNA was detected in two out of 14 anti-HCV negative patients. [6] A female alcoholic patient who showed positive serum anti-HCV and negative HCV-RNA was presented. [7] For the evaluation of the influence of HCV in alcoholics, further studies have to be continued with more sensitive HCV markers.
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PMID:[Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in various liver diseases and the clinico-pathological study of chronic liver disease in alcoholics]. 166 37

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the determination of antibodies against the putative capsid protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A 36-mer oligopeptide with a sequence of RRGPRLGVRATRKTSERSQPRGRRQPIPKVRRPEGR (CP9) was synthesized; it was selected on the translation product of the presumptive HCV core gene, because of a high local hydrophilicity and excellent conservation by different HCV strains. The synthetic peptide was immobilized on a solid-support to capture antibodies directed to CP9 (anti-CP9) in test sera, which were detected by Fab' fragments of monoclonal anti-human IgG/gamma labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The specificity of anti-CP9 was confirmed by absorption tests. Anti-CP9 was detected in 13 (68%) of 19 patients with sporadic acute non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and in 15 (83%) of 18 patients with post-transfusion acute NANB hepatitis. In 7 cases of acute NANB hepatitis who were followed, anti-CP9 developed earlier than antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV) detectable by a commercial assay kit. Among patients with chronic NANB liver diseases, anti-CP9 was detected in 103 (77%) of 133 with chronic hepatitis, 70 (62%) of 113 with liver cirrhosis and 31 (76%) of 41 with hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-CP9 and anti-HCV overlapped in 175 (54%) among 324 cases of acute or chronic NANB liver diseases; 58 (18%) were positive only for anti-CP9 while 49 (15%) were positive only for anti-HCV. HCV RNA was detected, by amplifying HCV cDNA with polymerase chain reaction, in 10 of 11 sera positive only for anti-CP9. Among sera from 606 blood donors, 21 were positive only for anti-CP9. HCV RNA was detected in 5 (24%) of them, all of which had A492 values greater than 0.600 in ELISA for anti-CP9. Based on these results, anti-CP9 would complement anti-HCV for the diagnosis of HCV infection and contribute toward further decreasing posttransfusion NANB hepatitis.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against the capsid protein of hepatitis C virus with a synthetic oligopeptide. 196 54

We studied clinical significance of serum SPan-1 antigen, which is human pancreatic cancer associated antigen, in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases employing newly developed kit. The sensitivity of serum SPan-1 antigen levels for pancreatic cancer, gallbladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct cancer were 90.9%, 77.8%, 60.7%, 60.0% respectively. No correlation was found between serum SPan-1 antigen levels and total bilirubin levels. SPan-1 positivity in patients with hepatic disease including hepatocellular carcinoma was rather high, but there were few cases more than 100 U/ml. The mechanism of the elevated level was supposed to be release of the antigen from bile-duct epithelium, and this must be taken into consideration at diagnosis referred to serum SPan-1 antigen level.
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PMID:[Clinical study of human pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (SPan-1 antigen) in hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases]. 237 1

The amounts of antigens in the serum of patients with various types of cancer and benign diseases were measured in order to clinically evaluate the NCC-ST-439 EIA kit. From the results of measurements in 583 healthy persons, cut-off values of 4.5 U/ml for males and females 50 years or older and 7.0 U/ml for females 49 or younger were set. The false-positive rate for healthy persons at this time was 5.0%. The positive rates for malignant tumors at these cut-off values were 58.9% for pancreatic carcinoma, 53.1% for cholangiocarcinoma, 41.9% for mammary carcinoma, 36.6% for rectal and colonic carcinoma, 33.3% for hepatocellular carcinoma and 35.3% for carcinoma as a whole. The false-positive rates for benign diseases were 14.0% for pancreatic disease, 9.7% for liver disease, 8.0% for biliary duct disease and 8.3% for benign diseases as a whole. These rates were low when compared with those for other tumor markers. These results showed that NCC-ST-439 is a tumor marker with a high degree of specificity.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the NCC-ST-439 EIA kit using serum from patients with various types of cancer and benign disease (1)]. 243 20

We have measured the plasma PIVKA-II levels in 188 cases of various liver disease with HCC and malignant diseases in other organs by an EIA, using a monoclonal antibody (E-1023 kit, Eisai), and also have measured the plasma vitamin K levels in cases of HCC and cholestasis by an HPLC. Plasma PIVKA-II was detected in many cases of HCC (67%, 35 of 52 cases) and cholestasis (60%, 6 of 10 cases). In contrast, the positivities of PIVKA-II in the other diseases including benign liver diseases were very low. Combination assays of PIVKA-II and vitamin K revealed that PIVKA-II correlates with vitamin K in cholestasis but not in HCC, suggesting that PIVKA-II in HCC does not depend on a systemic deficiency of vitamin K. From these results, it was concluded that PIVKA-II is a reliable marker which can reflect the clinical course of HCC.
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PMID:[Evaluation of plasma PIVKA-II as a new marker for hepatocellular carcinoma]. 246 9

Serum CA 50 was determined by a time resolved fluorometric immunoassay (TR-FIA) with CANAG CA-50 DELFIA kit. Evaluation of the assay system gave satisfactory results in its sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, dynamic range and easy handling. No prozone phenomenon was observed up to 347,000 U/ml. From a histogram of 134 normal sera, the cut off point was determined at 34 U/ml. CA 50 in 202 patients' sera was determined with this assay. Nineteen of 20 patients pancreatic cancer, 6 of 21 gastric cancer, 14 of 25 hepatoma gave positive values. In comparison with CA 19-9, higher values and higher rates of positive CA 50 were observed in benign and malignant liver diseases, suggesting its non-cancerous origin in the liver. A high correlation was observed between the level of CA 50 and CA 19-9 of 157 patients' sera. Serum CA 50 was completely correlated with CA 19-9 in the clinical course of patients with pancreatic cancer, but not in patients with hepatoma. Thus we conclude that the CANAG CA-50 DELFIA System is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring cancer patients but must be used with care because of its elevation in benign liver diseases.
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PMID:[Evaluation of time-resolved fluorometric immunoassay of CA 50]. 269 36

We have measured serum ferritin level using double antibody radioimmunoassay kit (Eiken ICL) and evaluated the characteristics of the kit and clinical usefulness. Satisfactory results were observed in standard curve, reproducibility, dilution and recovery test. In clinical evaluation, we have measured in normal subjects and patients with various diseases. The range in normal males and females were 13.0-158.7 ng/ml and 7.3-73.0 ng/ml, respectively. Serum ferritin level was elevated in patients with hepatoma, biliary cancer, lung cancer and other malignant diseases. Measurement of serum ferritin value would be useful in the monitoring of cancer patients.
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PMID:[A fundamental and clinical study of ferritin 'Eiken' radioimmunoassay kit]. 356 8

The amino-terminal peptides of type III procollagen (PIIIP) in the urine of 40 patients with various liver diseases were determined with a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. The level of urinary PIIIP (uPIIIP) was correlated well with serum PIIIP (sPIIIP) in 9 patients, the coefficient of correlation being r = 0.836 (p less than 0.01) and the regression line being y = 1.42x + 24. Urinary PIIIP consisted of at least 4 different molecular species with molecular weights of 49 k, 18 k, 10 k and 4.6 k as estimated by column chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Furthermore. uPIIIP was found to be significantly elevated in acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases, in which the elevation of sPIIIP has been reported by others. The mean values +/- standard deviations of uPIIIP were 44.0 +/- 32.0, 60.4 +/- 32.0, 62.0 +/- 46.5, 53.0 +/- 27.1 and 48.1 +/- 22.8 ng/ml for the respective liver diseases, and 13.2 +/- 4.5 for the non-hepatic disease group.
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PMID:Increased urine level of amino-terminal peptide derivatives of type III procollagen in patients with liver diseases. 378 64

Immunoradiometric assays suffer from the phenomenon of paradoxical increase in count rate with increasing dilution of highly concentrated samples--the "hook-effect". This is particularly important for alpha-foetoprotein where in hepatoma may be thousands of times the upper limit of the range of immunoradiometric assays. Using a commercial kit method we have encountered some degree of hook effect in many patients with hepatoma. Significant hooking occurred after 1,000 to 2,000 micrograms/1 but the extent of the effect was sample dependent. Of the samples tested so far, only one patient produced a hook which extended into the standard curve counts range. This resulted in a measured values of 20 micrograms/1 (value on dilution: 100,000 micrograms/1). We recommend that this method should be used routinely in conjunction with a screening method e.g., counterimmunoelectrophoresis and that quantitation of very high values should be by radial immunodiffusion or a method with similar sensitivity.
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PMID:Problems encountered in the immunoassay of alpha-foetoprotein in patients with hepatoma. 616 39


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