Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration was found to be raised in 503 of 550 patients (91%) with bladder cancer, lymphoma of intestine, hepatocellular carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, prostate cancer, cirrhosis of liver and bilharziasis. The degree of elevation was moderate in all patients except in 189 patients in whom values more than 20 ng/ml were recorded, of which 53 patients with bladder cancer and 118 patients with bilharziasis. The mean CEA value in the patients with cirrhosis in the non-tumorous liver was slightly higher than that in those without cirrhosis, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P greater than 0.01). There was no correlation between serum CEA and alph-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in all patients except in patients with bladder carcinoma, hepatoma and bilharziasis.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. 23 Apr 22

This paper reports an autopsy case of a 78-year-old male with multiple nodules in the liver developed after long-termed administration of phosphate diethylstilbestrol (PDES) for prostatic cancer. Large part of these nodules were suspected to be well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with high level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) up to 3,400 ng/ml, but a part of them was evaluated to be a borderline between hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma with mild cellular atypism. The liver other than the nodules showed liver fibrosis associated with liver cell dysplasia and peliosis hepatis-like change. This is a unique autopsy case of hepatocellular carcinoma closely related to diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy for prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma following phosphate diethylstilbestrol therapy for prostatic cancer. 244 58

Sera from 391 southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma, matched controls, patients with other malignant tumours, and with various forms of hepatobiliary disease were fractionated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis to determine the prevalence of tumour-associated gamma-glutamyl transferase isoenzymes in Black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. One or more tumour-associated isoenzymes (I', I'' or II') were present in 58.6% of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: I' in 54.5%, I'' in 27.1%, and II' in 34%. These isoenzymes were detected in one patient with prostatic cancer, occasionally in patients with acute viral hepatitis, but in no normal individuals. The presence of tumour-associated isoenzymes was not related to patient age, sex or hepatitis-B virus status or to the tumour burden. Isoenzymes were present in 42 percent of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with a normal serum alpha-foetoprotein concentration and in 50% of those with a non-diagnostic value. gamma-glutamyl transferase isoenzymes may be supplementary to alpha-foetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Tumour-associated isoenzymes of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 620 51

Thirty patients with metastatic malignancy of various types were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) administered by continuous infusion for 120 hours. The starting dose was 20 mg/m2/day (100 mg/m2/course) and was escalated by stages to 40 mg/m2/day (200 mg/m2/course). Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at 30 mg/m2/day (150 mg/m2/course), manifested as marrow suppression and particularly thrombocytopenia in 13 of 14 patients evaluated at doses greater than or equal to 30 mg/m2/day. The gastrointestinal toxicity characteristic of bolus treatment schedules was less intense but was cumulative and dose-related. Renal toxic effects developed in five of 30 patients in spite of adequate hydration and daily diuretic therapy. Peripheral neuropathy developed in the only two patients who received four courses of continuous-infusion DDP. Antitumor effects were observed in six patients (oral cancer, two; lymphoma, one; prostatic cancer, one; hepatoma, one; and bronchogenic carcinoma, one). The recommended starting dose for continuous venous infusion therapy with DDP is 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days.
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PMID:Phase I study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) administered as a constant 5-day infusion. 625 73

Neocarzinostatin (NCZ), a new antitumor antibiotic, was administered to 19 patients with bladder cancer, 16 patients with prostatic cancer, and 3 patients with hepatoma. All patients had objectively measurable metastatic lesions including 21 with palpable nodes or subcutaneous nodules, 10 with pulmonary nodules as demonstrated by chest x-ray, 4 with malignant hepatomegaly, and 3 with bidimensional pelvic masses as demonstrated by CT scanning. Sixty-five courses of NCZ were administered via an intravenous bolus daily for five days with dosages ranging from 1500 to 3000 U/m2. Immediate toxicity was not dose-limiting except for 1 episode of anaphylaxis and 1 of acute renal failure. Myelotoxicity was delayed, dose-dependent, noncumulative, and dose-limiting. Thrombocytopenia was prolonged or irreversible in 5 cases. The maximally tolerated dose was 2750 U/m2. One patient with NCZ-associated pulmonary fibrosis and 1 with biopsy-proven hepatitis are discussed in detail. Neocarzinostatin demonstrated minimal therapeutic activity (1 partial remission) in patients with bladder cancer. There was no response in patients with prostatic cancer or hepatoma.
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PMID:Phase II trial of neocarzinostatin in patients with bladder and prostatic cancer: toxicity of a five-day iv bolus schedule. 644 76

We investigated the presence of interleukin 6 (IL6) receptors in human prostate carcinomas and benign prostatic hyperplasias. Interleukin 6 receptor expression was measured at the mRNA level by slot blot analysis using a probe that recognizes mRNA encoding the 80-kDa subunit of the IL6 receptor. Significant expression was found in 29 of 37 (78%) samples of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in 17 of 17 prostate carcinomas. Quantitative analysis of the expression level revealed that 11 of the 29 positive hyperplasia tissues (38%) and 4 carcinoma samples (23.5%) expressed equal or higher levels of IL6 receptor mRNA than the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF5, which contains about 2300 IL6 receptors per cell. We also measured IL6 receptor mRNA levels in three human prostate carcinoma cell lines LNCaP, DU145 and PC3, which are known to contain IL6 receptors because they are sensitive to the cytotoxic action of an IL6-toxin fusion protein. We were not able to detect IL6 receptor expression with the slot blot procedure, but we were able to detect IL6 receptor mRNA using a very sensitive PCR assay. Our data provide evidence that IL6 may play a role in the growth of benign and malignant prostate tumors and suggest that the IL6 receptor could be a target for the delivery of therapeutic agents in prostate cancer.
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PMID:Interleukin 6 receptor mRNA in prostate carcinomas and benign prostate hyperplasia. 751 67

Expression of cancerous isoenzymes in various malignant tumors has been extensively studied using different biochemical techniques. Cancerous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes such as variant ALP and placental ALP are apparently detected in sera or tissues from patients with malignant tumors. Variant ALP is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Placental ALP is found in sera of patients with various malignant diseases. However, the positive rate of each ALP isoenzyme is low except for high positivity of placental ALP in seminoma. Novel gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) isoenzyme is specifically found in about 60% of sera from patients with HCC, but in only 3% of patients with benign liver diseases, suggesting high specificity for HCC. Serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAT), which increases in activity in parallel with the growth of prostatic tissue, is an useful marker for prostatic cancer. Thus, several cancerous isoenzymes are available for diagnosis of various malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Isoenzyme as tumor marker]. 760 66

PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier, diverse operations of which include an antitumor action. We have previously reviewed recent research which had demonstrated that in animals, PSK has a preventive effect on chemical carcinogen-induced, radiation-induced, and spontaneously developed carcinogenesis (Kobayashi et al., Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers & Prev., 2: 271-276, 1993). We now focus on the effects of PSK once the progression of carcinogenesis has begun, and review what is now known of the preventive action of PSK on cancer metastasis. Recent research reports that PSK suppresses pulmonary metastasis of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas, human prostate cancer DU145M, and lymphatic metastasis of mouse leukemia P388, and that it has prolonged the survival period in spontaneous metastasis models. PSK also suppresses the metastasis of rat hepatoma AH60C, mouse colon cancer colon 26, and mouse leukemia RL male 1 in artificial metastasis models. PSK influences the steps of cancer metastasis in a number of ways: (a) by suppression of intravasation through the inhibition of tumor invasion, adhesion and production of cell matrix-degrading enzymes; (b) by suppression of tumor cell attachment to endothelial cells through the inhibition of tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation; (c) by suppression of tumor cell migration after extravasation through the inhibition of tumor cell motility; and (d) by suppression of tumor growth after extravasation through the inhibition of angiogenesis, the modulation of cytokine production, and the augmentation of effector cell functions. In addition, PSK has suppressed the malignant progression of mouse tumor cells through superoxide trapping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Antimetastatic effects of PSK (Krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes: an overview. 760 3

Screening is defined as the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease or defect by the application of tests, examinations, or other procedures that can be applied rapidly and carried out in the general population or in individuals at high risk. When considering immunochemical or biochemical cancer markers, it might be more appropriate to describe these tests as risk-factor monitors and introduce the concept of two interpretations of these tests: in asymptomatic populations as indicators of probability of cancer, and in patients with previously treated cancer as predictors of recurrence despite initial treatment described as "curative." The successes of screening with alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma and with catechol metabolites in neuroblastoma are discussed. The major emphasis will be the possible use of CA 125 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in risk-factor assessment of ovarian cancer and prostate cancer, respectively. It is important to understand in what context a PSA value > 10 micrograms/L indicates a 67% probability of cancer.
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PMID:Screening for cancer: is it cost effective? 769 77

Studies have indicated a correlation between a high level of urinary lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens, particularly genistein, and a low incidence of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer. Previously it has been observed that a vegetarian diet is associated with high plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), reducing clearance of sex hormones and probably risk of breast and prostate cancer. In the present study we investigated the in vitro effect of genistein on the production of SHBG by human hepatocarcinoma (Hep-G2) cells in culture and its effect on cell proliferation. We found that genistein not only highly significantly increases the SHBG production by Hep-G2 cells, but also suppresses the proliferation of these cancer cells already at a stage when SHBG production continues to be high. We conclude that, in addition to the lignan enterolactone, the most abundant urinary isoflavonoid genistein stimulates SHBG production and inhibits Hep-G2 cancer cell proliferation.
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PMID:Genistein is an effective stimulator of sex hormone-binding globulin production in hepatocarcinoma human liver cancer cells and suppresses proliferation of these cells in culture. 821 77


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