Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A high molecular weight, mucous glycoprotein (MG) from the pleural fluid of lung adenocarcinoma was purified by the DEAE-cellulose, gel-filtration and wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. Protein portion of the molecule was composed of amino acids rich in serine, threonine and proline, but methionine and tyrosine concentrations were relatively low. About 65% of the weight, was composed of galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, fucose and sialic acid. The gel-filtration pattern on Sepharose 4B revealed Mr greater than 10(6) Da. The SDS-PAGE pattern revealed a main band at the position of the Mr about 350 kDa under the reducing condition. Rabbit antibody against this molecule recognized mainly the peptide portion, and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) using the double antibody method was developed by this antibody. Serum MG level was low in healthy subjects and in benign diseases (0.8 +/- 0.7 U/ml; mean +/- SD and 1.1 +/- 2.3 U/ml, respectively). Thus, 3 U/ml was used as the cut-off value. The mean of serum MG levels and positive rates in malignant diseases were significantly high; 4.4 U/ml and 32.3% in lung cancer, 20.1 U/ml and 77.5% in pancreas cancer 11.6 U/ml and 64.3% in gastric cancer, 12.9 U/ml and 57.1% in hepatoma, 12.3 U/ml and 77.8 in colon cancer. Other malignancies such as ovarial and uterus cancer showed also high levels. Elevated values in these malignancies were observed frequently in patients with metastasis. On the other hand, the false positive cases were found in 10% of benign diseases. Determination of MG seems to be useful for the detection of several kinds of malignancies, but it is not adequately sensitive as a screening method for early cancer detection.
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PMID:Clinical significance of mucin-like high molecular weight glycoprotein originated from lung cancer as tumor marker. 274 68

The authors studied on SCC antigen in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Serum SCC antigen was found in 9 (40.9%) of 22 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (55.5%) of 9 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, but was not found in other malignant diseases, such as gastric cancer, hepatoma, colon cancer, pancreas cancer and biliary try tract cancer. SCC antigen positive cases increased in association with progression of histological invasion, grade of nodal metastasis and clinical stage. However, in early esophageal carcinoma, SCC antigen was rarely positive. There was no positive case in patients with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma regardless of clinical stage. Positive rate of SCC antigen increased in association with progression of clinical stage in patients with moderately and well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity of SCC, which was investigated immunohistologically with TA-4 rabbit serum, was not found in cases with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, but was found in keratinized portion and cytoplasm of moderately and well differentiated carcinoma. From the above, SCC antigen is intimately related with keratinization of squamous cell carcinoma, and it was thought that it could be useful as a good marker for diagnosis of moderately and well differentiated squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:[Studies on antigen associated with human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC antigen) in patients with esophageal carcinoma]. 274 8

A monoclonal antibody, gamma-120, was raised against a highly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) from human primary hepatoma. The antibody preferentially bound to the small subunit of gamma GT from human hepatoma and kidney as evidenced by immunoblot analysis. Weak binding to the normal liver enzyme could be detected by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the use of this antibody, an ELISA was developed for the quantitation of immunoreactive gamma GT in human serum. Sera of 188 normal control subjects displayed a low level (9.4 micrograms/ml) of immunoreactive gamma GT. Highly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were detected in the sera of patients with primary hepatoma, metastatic liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. Slightly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were seen in the sera of patients with liver cirrhosis. The levels of gamma GT were within a normal range in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and patients with nonmalignant diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones. The antibody has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of some of the neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyltransferase from human primary hepatoma: its use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera of cancer patients. 286 89

This clinical study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of CDDP on 43 patients with far-advanced or recurrent carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. For all these patients, CDDP at 100 mg/m2 had been administered by continuous intravenous infusion for 24 hours and repeated one to seven times at an interval of 3 to 4 weeks. The effect of this therapy was assessed according to the criteria of clinical evaluation of chemotherapy for solid cancers by Koyama and Saito. The response rate for both complete and partial response was 27.9% among all 43 patients, including 47.1% (8/17) for gastric cancer, 33.3% (1/3) for esophageal cancer, 25.0% (1/4) for hepatocellular carcinoma, 25.0% (1/4) for carcinoma of the gallbladder or bile duct, 20.0% (1/5) for pancreatic cancer and none (0/10) for colorectal cancer. In particular, a good response rate of 37.5% (3/8) was obtained for patients with recurrent tumor and one of 33.3% (6/18) for those with palliative resection of the primary tumor, which was much higher that the rate of 17.6% (3/17) for those without resection. As for the side effects of CDDP therapy, gastrointestinal symptoms were most frequently found in 78.3% of patients followed by bone marrow suppression in 15.2%, and abnormalities of hepatic and renal function in 4.3% and 4.3%, respectively. Consequently, 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of CDDP was considered to be effective for far-advanced or recurrent carcinoma, especially in cases of gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical study on the effect of 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of CDDP in far-advanced and recurrent carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract]. 303 10

The CA 50 levels in serum samples from 440 patients were estimated using a dissociated enhanced lanthanide immunofluorimetric assay. The distribution was similar to CA 50-RIA assays. Raised levels (greater than 14 U/ml) were present in 95% pancreatic cancer, 68% hepatoma, 54% advanced colorectal cancer, 58% advanced breast cancer and 48% lung cancer. High values were observed in adenocarcinoma of the lung, and were related to tumour mass in small cell lung cancer. CA 50 is independent of CEA. The marker is of considerable potential in pancreatic cancer where the majority of patients express the Can 50 Ag.
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PMID:An evaluation of serum CA 50 levels in cancer using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. 317 5

A hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody (H11) directed to lactoneotetraosylceramide (paragloboside) has been established from spleen cells of a mouse immunized with paragloboside. The monoclonal antibody H11 (immunoglobulin M type) was selected from five clones showing different reactivities with paragloboside. The monoclonal antibody was highly specific to paragloboside and lacked reactivity with other glycolipids including glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, gangliotetraosylceramide, and GalNAc beta 1-4[NeuAc alpha 2-3]Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer. However, the monoclonal antibody (H11) was found to bind to lactosamine-containing glycolipids at their terminals, such as i- and I-type glycolipids as well as paragloboside. A two-step sandwich radioimmunoassay method for paragloboside antigen in serum was established by using the monoclonal antibody. The mean paragloboside antigen concentration in the sera from 20 normal individuals was 25.3 ng/ml. If the cutoff value was set at 80.9 ng/ml [25.3 + 2 x 27.8 (SD)], only 1 of 20 healthy controls had an elevated paragloboside value in the serum, whereas sera from 9 of 12 (75.0%) hepatoma, 4 of 10 (40%) pancreatic cancer, 16 of 40 (40.0%) stomach cancer, and 6 of 10 (60%) lung cancer patients had elevated paragloboside values. Sera from 3 of 8 hepatitis patients and 7 of 10 liver cirrhosis patients were estimated to be positive but sera from 16 patients with benign disease had paragloboside levels lower than the cutoff value. A larger amount of the antigen was found in liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma compared to the normal counterpart. The antigen was also detected in the medium of various human cancer cells and meconium. However, the antigen in the sera, medium, meconium, and cancer tissue seemed to be associated with glycoprotein or lipoprotein, because most of the antigen activity was eluted in the void volume fraction on high-performance liquid chromatography with a gel filtration column.
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PMID:Detection of patients with cancer by monoclonal antibody directed to lactoneotetraosylceramide (paragloboside). 334 24

In order to determine the clinical usefulness of carbohydrate antigen CA50 as a marker for cancers of the digestive tract, an attempt was carried out to measure the CA50 levels (normal level less than or equal to 18.1 U/ml) in sera of patients with various diseases of the digestive tract including pancreatic cancer. In patients with pancreatic cancer, the frequency of elevation of CA50 was 85.7% (6/35), which was the highest frequency of elevation, and a serum level of over 1,000 U/ml was observed in 6 (17.1%) of these 35 pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, patients with gall bladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and gallstones showed relatively high frequencies of elevation. On the other hand, the maximum level of CA50 in serum was 41 U/ml in patients with benign pancreatic disease. Therefore, it was thought that CA50 was able to differentiate pancreatic cancer from benign pancreatic disease in patients with pancreatic disease with extremely high levels of CA50. The serum level of CA50 showed significant correlation with that of CA19-9. This study suggested that CA50 might be a potentially useful marker.
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PMID:[Serological test of carbohydrate antigen CA50 in patients with cancer of the digestive tract]. 346 85

Recent phase II trials of cisplatin indicated a significant single agent activity on gastric cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and, therefore, clinical usefulness in combination with other agents has been under investigation. Single agent efficacy on colorectal cancer and malignant melanoma is limited but investigation of combination regimens containing cisplatin is in progress to obtain additive or synergistic effect. Past results suggest some activity on pancreatic cancer and hepatoma. However, more data need to judge the effectiveness on both tumors.
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PMID:[Trials on expanding the clinical application of cisplatin]. 355 45

Monoclonal antibody (mAb.) against liver ferritin was produced by immunization of human liver ferritin. Using this mAb., an RPHA system for measurement of the serum ferritin level was established. This system had a good correlation coefficient (0.8625) with the RIA method and could measure levels of more than 2 ng/ml. The reactivity to heart ferritin in this RPHA system was not distinguished from that to liver ferritin. The positive rate in various conditions was as follows: 68.6% in pancreatic cancer, 59.1% in hepatoma, and 18% in healthy individuals. In pancreatic cancer and hepatoma, the serum ferritin levels were statistically higher than in healthy subjects or those with chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Production and clinical study of monoclonal antibodies against liver ferritin]. 374 63

We prepared monoclonal antibodies against pancreatic cancer associated antigen (PCAA) from normal colonic mucosa (PCAAc) and prepared an assay system to detect the circulating PCAAc in sera. 200 patients with cancer including 85 pancreatic cancer and benign disease were compared with 40 normal healthy individuals. Diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer was 64/85 (75%) but other malignancy also showed elevated PCAAc: 18/19 (94.7%) of hepatoma and 19/37 (51.4%) of gastric cancer. In pancreatitis, 8/17 (47.1%) showed elevated PCAAc. Compared with our previous reports of PCAA assay, these results indicated that diagnostic sensitivity of pancreatic cancer was increased but specificity of it was decreased.
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PMID:Pancreas cancer associated antigen from normal colonic mucosa (PCAAc) assayed with monoclonal antibody. 377 Aug 9


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