Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The stability of nine viruses, Aujeszky, Sindbis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Newcastle Disease, Vaccinia, FMD, HCC, Reo and Teschen virus in drinking and surface water was investigated comparatively at temperatures of 9 and 15 degrees C as well as the influence of water factors like seasonal difference in temperature, pH value, hardness and sort of water. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. At temperatures of 9 to 15 degrees C the majority of the viruses remained stabil in natural water for an astonishing long time. 2. Starting with virus concentration of about 10(4) infectious units per ml Teschen, Vaccinia, Reo, HCC and ND virus could mostly be demonstrated in water longer than 200 days and FMD, Aujeszky, Vesicular Stomatitis and Sindbis virus for 20 to 50 days on average at 9 degrees C. The stability of the viruses investigated decreased in water in the named turn. 3. Based on these results it can be assumed that under natural conditions with very low virus content of some particles the labile viruses such as Toga, Herpes, Rhabdo and pH labile Picorna remain infectious in water for some days. They should not have any importance as water contaminants. More resistant viruses like Paramyxo may keep infectious for weeks and very stabile viruses such as Entero, Reo, Adeno and Pox viruses several weeks to months. 4. As to factors temperature, pH, hardness and sort of water-within the naturally differing range-only the temperature and only in the case of less resistant viruses showed significant influence on the virus stability in water.
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PMID:[Stability in drinking and surface water of nine virus species from different genera (author's transl)]. 1 60

The clinical and biochemical response to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) and vitamin D3, 150 microgram/day for 20 days has been compared in infants aged 3--18 months with nutritional rickets. The infants were allocated at random to Group I (11 infants) treated with 25HCC and Group II (9 infants) treated with vitamin D3. In addition 15 matched control children without rickets were allocated to Group III and received 25-HCC 75 microgram/day for 20 days. Preliminary studies showed that plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and urine pH all differed significantly between the rachitic and control groups. The biochemical parameters in both groups of rachitic children became normal after treatment with the exception of plasma alkaline phosphatase which remained elevated. The control group showed a significant increase in plasma and urine calcium values in spite of the low dose of 25-HCC. The findings suggest that 25-HCC is as effective as vitamin D3 in the treatment of rickets but did not demonstrate any therapeutic advantage.
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PMID:Therapeutic and collateral effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in vitamin D deficiency. 2 50

A staging scheme for hepatocellular carcinoma was presented at an International Symposium on Liver Cancer in Kampala, Uganda in 1971. Historical, clinical, and laboratory aspects of that staging scheme were examined for prognostic significance in 72 untreated patients with this disease studied at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The median survival for the entire group was 1 month. The presence of a serum bilirubin concentration of greater than 2 mg/100 ml or weight loss greater than 25 percent of body weight were the poorest prognostic features. Other factors with prognostic significance were visible abdominal collateral circulation, ascites, tumor differentiation, and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, alpha fetoprotein, and proline hydroxylase. A modified staging scheme is presented which defines three prognostically different groups of Ugandan patients. It is hoped this staging scheme will serve as a stimulus for analysis of similar prognostic features in other populations of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:A staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic factors in Ugandan patients. 4 61

Alpha-feto protein (alpha-FP) is now accepted as a very useful serum marker of hepatocarcinoma, and since its discovery in 1963, surveys have been carried out in various regions of the world, where hepatoma is particularly prevalent, which have shown that alpha-FP may be detected in 50 to 80% of patients with liver cancer. The sera of 30 Rhodesian African patients with histologically proven hepatoma were tested in this study for the presence of alpha-FP. In only 47% was alpha-FP detected. Thus it is our experience that a positive result is strong evidence in favour of a diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma whilst a negative result is of little value, necessitating that liver biopsy be carried out in all patients with clinical suspicion of liver cancer.
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PMID:Serum alpha-feto protein (alpha-FP) and hepatoma in Rhodesian Africans. 5 10

Three of 42 (7%) monkeys given aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for longer than 2 years have developed primary malignant neoplasms of the liver. Liver biopsies performed at intervals during aflatoxin administration revealed that neoplasia was preceded by pathologic lesions of the liver, including toxic hepatitis, proliferation of pseudotubules, and hyperplastic nodules. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, monitored in one of the monkeys by radioimmunoassay, paralleled tumor growth and recurrence of the hepatocellular carcinoma. Normal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were noted for a monkey with hemangioendothelial sarcoma. Our results implicate AFB1 as a liver carcinogen in monkeys and add additional support to the hypothesis that humans exposed to this substance may be at risk of developing liver cancer.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 in rhesus monkeys: two additional cases of primary liver cancer. 6 57

We have carried out a prospective survey of 28 primary liver carcinomas over one year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the commonest malignancy seen in Rhodesian blacks, which results in a high index of suspicion and accounts for the 96.4% positive diagnosis before death in this study. The age distribution was evenly spread through adult life with no definite peak incidence. Some were young and without evidence of chronic liver disease, but many had the stigmata of established hepatic disease. This contrasts with the common assertion that in areas of high incidence for primary liver cancer those affected are mainly young and lack signs of chronic liver disease. The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and swelling and weight loss. Hepatomegaly, often tender and nodular, was present in all but one. The incidence of alpha-feto protein, 46.5%, is low compared with other countries where primary liver cancer is common. Hepatitis B antigen was absent in all 28, suggesting that there is no association between the persistence of the antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Rhodesia. Liver function tests, although abnormal, were never diagnostic of primary liver cancer. We have confirmed the association of high alcohol consumption and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Rhodesian African. 6 99

The present paper describes the present status of clinical tests for cancer in Japan. Since no cancer-specific substance has been found so far the clinical tests for cancer at present are always quantitative but not qualitative. Among these substances, alpha-fetoprotein is one of the most specific substances for cancer and its test is essential for diagnosis of hepatoma beins used worldwide. AFP is a specific product of liver cancer cells. The measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen in patient blood is a hopeful method for cancer diagnosis. This substance is not specifically produced by cancer cells, but the phenomenon of appearance in bloodstream appears to be cancer-specific. This may reflect the invasion of blood vessels in tissues such as colorectum, lung, etc., by infiltration of cancer cell. This is the reason for the appearance of CEA in a wide variety of cancers. There are many other clinical tests at present but these are only secondary aids for the diagnosis of cancer. This is the reason why the description concentrates mostly on AFP and CEA. The companies manufacturing the kits for these tests in Japan are also listed in this paper.
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PMID:The development of laboratory tests for cancer in Japan with special reference to carcinoembryonic proteins. 7 74

The prevalence of serological markers of active of past hepatitis-B virus (H.B.V.) infection was determined in 80 Greek patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (P.H.C.), 160 age and sex matched controls and 40 patients with metastatic liver cancer (M.L.C.). The relative risk of the various patterns of H.B.V. serological markers for P.H.C. was calculated. Active H.B.V. infection, as indicated by positive tests for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), or antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) without antibody to HBsAg) (anti-HBs), was associated with P.H.C. (relative risk 10.4) but not with M.L.C. (relative risk 1.2). Patients without markers and those who had recovered from hepatitis B (anti-HBs-positive) had approximately the same low risk for P.H.C. (relative risk 0.8). Active infection was more common in P.H.C. patients with co-existing cirrhosis than in those without cirrhosis (67% versus 26%). Thus the relationship between active hepatitis B and P.H.C. seen in African and Asian populations is now seen in a European Caucasian population with different racial, environmental, and dietary circumstances.
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PMID:Hepatitis B and primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population. 8 32

A short review of alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP), is followed by a presentation of the serum AFP concentrations obtained in healthy subjects and in patients with hepatoma, cirrhosis of the liver or metastatic liver cancer, measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A calculation is made from these results of the upper limit of normal (9 ng/ml), a limit which is suggestive of hepatoma (215 ng/ml) and a limit which is pathognomonic for hepatoma (7500 ng/ml). It is concluded that the quantitative determination of AFP by RIA represents a sensitive method which provides valuable clinical information for the early diagnosis of hepatoma.
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PMID:[Serum concentrations of alpha-1-fetoprotein suggestive of, or pathognomonic for hepatoma (author's transl)]. 8 72

Vitamin A level and the cytosol-binding proteins specific for vitamin A ere studied in human tumor and its surrounding tissue. The tissues examined were 10 hepatocellular carcinomas which were surgically removed, 4 other malignant tumors (2 metastatic liver cancer and one each of gastric cancer and glioma), and 3 human fetal livers. Compared with surrounding tissues, considerable decrease of vitamin A content was observed in the hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting local deficient state of the vitamin. In addition to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP), a new molecular species having affinity for both retinol and retinoic acid was detected in the cytosols obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma as well as glioma by means of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. With regard to ligand specificity, the protein was found to be similar to cellular retinol-binding protein, F-type or CRBP(F) which was originally recognized in the fish eye cytosol. Since the protein was also demonstrated in human fetal liver, CRBP(F) is considered to be an oncofetal protein in nature. The present study further revealed that CRBP(F) was detected in 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (whereas plasma alpha-fetoprotein was significantly elevated only in 50%), and hepatocellular carcinoma contained CRBP(F) in a larger amount than CRABP.
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PMID:Demonstration of a novel cellular retinol-binding protein, F-type, in hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 58


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