Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated expression of HBV markers in chronic liver disease positive for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV). Sera from 107 patients with chronic non-A, non-B liver disease, 65 HBs antigen carriers with chronic liver disease and 14 asymptomatic HBV carriers were tested for the presence of anti-HCV. Anti-HCV was detected in 83 (78%) patients with chronic non-A, non-B liver disease, irrespective of the past history of blood transfusion, and anti-HCV prevalence was similar in each category of chronic liver disease. Fifty-three (64%) out of these 83 sera positive for anti-HCV has also antibodies to HBV. Anti-HBc antibody was detected frequently in liver cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma than in chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and cirrhotics without hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, titers of anti-HBc antibody were significantly higher in cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma than in the other groups. On the other hand, anti-HCV was detected in 7 out of 65 patients with HBV-related liver disease. Four out of these 7 were patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-HCV was detected in none of asymptomatic HBV carriers. These findings suggest that infection with both HBV and HCV is likely to cause more serious liver disease than infection with a single agent.
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PMID:[Expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in chronic liver disease positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV)]. 217 12

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a member of the Hepadnaviridae, is closely related to HBV in its virus structure, genetic organization and mechanism of replication. Natural infection of woodchucks is associated with chronic liver disease and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A concerted effort to develop the woodchuck as an experimental animal model of hepadnavirus-induced disease was initiated in 1980. The experimental studies have established the following: (1) Chronic WHV carriage as an outcome of infection is a function of age of exposure, virus dose and, possibly, virus strain. As in humans, animals infected as newborns develop chronic antigenemia at high rates compared to young adults. (2) WHV causes primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in woodchucks. Hundred percent of experimentally-induced chronic WHsAg carriers developed HCC within three years; no HCC has occurred in concurrent uninfected control animals born and held in the same laboratory environment. The predictable course of experimental WHV infection leading to liver disease in woodchucks makes this an ideal model in which to study the natural history of hepadnavirus and to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:Experimental WHV infection of woodchucks: an animal model of hepadnavirus-induced liver cancer. 222 64

This study was undertaken to analyse the clinical spectrum of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, and others with portal hypertension) in Kuala Lumpur. Eighty patients were diagnosed over a 6-year period. Twenty-two had biopsy proven cirrhosis while 58 others had portal hypertension with clinical and biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease. The commonest aetiology was alcohol (36%), followed by the idiopathic variety and hepatitis B. The male to female ratio was 4.4:1. Indians had a high prevalence of alcohol-associated chronic liver disease. Overall, ascites was the commonest presentation. Eight patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was diagnosed in 13% of patients undergoing abdominal paracentesis. Gallstones were detected in 37% of patients who underwent ultrasonography. Diabetes mellitus and peptic ulcer disease were noted in 22% and 31% of patients respectively.
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PMID:Chronic liver disease in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a clinical study. 225 36

A hyperplastic nodular lesion resembling focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) was found in the cirrhotic liver of a 50-year-old male patient. A nodule was detected by ultrasonography and hepatic angiography conducted as part of a routine follow-up study for chronic liver disease, and was excised under a diagnosis of suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. Grossly, central stellate scar-like septa subdividing the nodule ware noted. These fibrous septa contained many small arteries and veins, as well as bile ducts. The parenchyma of the nodule also contained many small arteries. Although these findings were similar to those seen in typical FNH, the present lesion was different in that it was encapsulated, occurred against a background of liver cirrhosis, lacked hepatocyte hyperplasia and showed hemosiderin deposition.
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PMID:A case of liver cirrhosis with a hyperplastic nodular lesion. 226 Apr 78

In my opinion, independent, carefully conducted scientific studies indicate that an accurate, rapid, relatively sensitive, and inexpensive laboratory test substantially reduces the major long-term risk of blood transfusion in the United States; donor ALT has emerged as one of the most effective laboratory determinants for reducing the incidence of NANB PTH. Despite its nonspecificity and limited predictive value, ALT screening may prevent up to 30 percent of cases, one-half of which would progress to chronic liver disease and then possibly to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood donors appear to understand and accept the testing rationale as a reasonable precaution. Admittedly, ALT screening is not a perfect solution. It has not been validated by prospective studies and probably never will be. Determination of the proper cutoff value remains controversial. However, the risk of PTH progresses with increasing ALT levels, so that the real issue is not whether to test, but how best to configure the test to exclude the fewest false-positive donors while detecting the most true-positive donors. It is undesirable and expensive to discard safe units of blood, but the primary responsibility of blood collectors is to ensure an adequate supply of safe components. Some still consider the ALT assay technically too demanding for routine use. However, technical concerns regarding performance and interpretation are not insurmountable, and both quality control and proficiency testing are being addressed at the national level. The assay is capable of great precision, and a system employing a national standard and single cutoff has already been described and tested with excellent results. Circumstances have changed since donor screening with ALT was widely implemented in 1986. More thorough screening and testing have eliminated many high-risk donors. Public expectations have changed as well. While it is neither reasonable nor responsible to promise the public blood transfusions without risk, neither is it prudent to propose any major change in management of the blood supply without compelling evidence that such a change will not impair transfusion safety. It is hard to defend discontinuing the ALT screen at this time, especially when the costs of retaining it are minimal and the benefits clearly greater than those of screening for HTLV-I and for Treponema pallidum (in the United States) or HIV-2 (in West Germany). A first-generation assay specific for antibody to hepatitis C will probably be available within a year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Controversies in transfusion medicine. Alanine aminotransferase screening of blood donors: pro. 234 35

A 78-year-old Japanese man with chronic liver disease developed hypervascular liver tumors accompanied by marked elevation of alphafetoprotein value (the highest level; 26200 ng/ml) and pathologic fracture of the femur. After an operation for the fracture followed by gastrointestinal bleeding and repeated transfusions of blood, the tumors disappeared with normalization of the alpha-fetoprotein level, and the radiolucent area around the fracture site of the femur became consolidated. The necrotic tissue responsible for the fracture histologically showed an appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient survives 62 months after the initial increase in alpha-fetoprotein level. This is a case of spontaneous regression of both hypervascular liver tumors which are highly suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma and their metastasis.
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PMID:A case of spontaneous regression of hepatocellular carcinoma with bone metastasis. 240 40

Chronic hepatitis is defined as chronic liver disease of at least 6 months' duration. Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosis and allows classification into chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis. Chronic persistent hepatitis is associated with hepatitis B infection or with infection with the non A non B viruses. The prognosis is good and it requires no treatment. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis presents a very active clinical, biochemical and immunological picture. Prednisolone therapy is of benefit in prolonging life. Steroid therapy is disappointing in hepatitis B related chronic active hepatitis. Superinfection with delta agent may affect HBsAg positive patients: it appears to cause activation of disease and progression towards cirrhosis. Hepatocarcinoma is another complication of chronic B infection. Chronic active non A non B hepatitis is diagnosed by elimination since there is no specific diagnostic test.
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PMID:[Value of puncture biopsy of the liver during diagnostic and follow-up examinations (clinical aspects, immunological markers, images) in chronic hepatitis]. 242 1

A 56-yr-old Japanese man with chronic liver disease was admitted for evaluation of increased serum alpha-fetoprotein reaching levels as high as 7190 ng/ml. The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was ruled out by computed tomography and hepatic angiography. Laparoscopy and liver biopsy sample showed active liver cirrhosis. alpha-Fetoprotein granules were positive in hepatocytes. The rise in serum alpha-fetoprotein level was transitory and returned to less than 100 ng/ml 4 wk later. It was suggested that regeneration after acute exacerbation of cirrhosis might have been closely related to the dramatic increase in alpha-fetoprotein production.
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PMID:Marked increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein level in cirrhosis: a case report. 243 77

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of death in patients with chronic liver disease and in carriers of hepatitis B virus. Because of its relative frequency in certain geographic areas, such as Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, mass screening programs have been instituted to implement secondary prevention. It is believed that early diagnosis provides the best chance of successful surgical resection and hopefully prolonged survival. Although a number of serological and imaging tests are available, the most cost-effective modality is serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and real-time ultrasound (USS) used together. The current recommendation is recognition of high-risk groups (cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis B carriers) and provision of AFP and USS testing at 3 to 6 months intervals, with recourse to fine-needle aspiration biopsy and celiac angiography for individuals who test positive with either test.
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PMID:Screening studies and markers. 245 66

Six acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C reactive protein and transferrin) have been measured in the sera of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with different aetiology (viral, autoimmune and alcoholic) and histology (steatosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis), and in patients with liver cancer. 1) The most striking changes concerned alpha 2-macroglobulin (increased) and haptoglobin (decreased) levels. 2) Transferrin was lower in alcoholic liver disease than in viral CLD, CRP was lower in autoimmune than in viral or alcoholic CLD, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was lower in viral and alcoholic CLD than in autoimmune CLD. Acute phase protein assay may prove useful in differential diagnosis, particularly when specific markers are not available (autoimmune, non A, non B, alcoholic liver diseases). 3) No significant differences related to aetiology (B, non A non B, D viruses) were observed in viral CLD. 4) Patients who progressed to CLD after acute viral hepatitis type B or non A non B did not show different APP levels from those who had recovered when tested 8-12 months after the acute phase. 5) The pattern of APP changes observed in primary liver cell carcinoma was different from both the cirrhotic pattern and the pattern presented by other tumours with or without liver metastasis.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in chronic and malignant liver diseases. 245 53


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