Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II study of MCNU tablets in gastrointestinal cancer was carried out by the Hanshin MCNU cooperative study group involving 21 institutions. The selection of patients and evaluation of tumor response were based on the Criteria for the Evaluation of tumor Response by Chemotherapy in Solid Tumor Patients by Koyama and Saito. Of 67 patients who were entered into the study, 46 patients were evaluable, and comprised of 27 cases of gastric cancer, 13 of colorectal cancer, 2 hepatoma, and 4 patients suffering from other typas of gastrointestinal cancer. MCNU was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/body/day for 4-6 days consecutive every 6-8 weeks. Only one partial response was obtained among the rectal cancer patients, with a response rate of 2.3% (1/43) in evaluable patients. Minor responses were obtained in 3 patients including 2 of gastric cancer with liver metastasis and 1 colon cancer with liver metastasis. Major side effects were marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. The former consisted of mainly leukopenia (15 patients, 30.0%), thrombocytopenia (20 patients, 40.0%), and oligochromaemia (10 patients, 20.0%). The latter consisted of mainly nausea and vomiting (5 patients, 10.0%).
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PMID:[A phase II study of ranomustine (MCNU) tablets in patients with gastrointestinal cancer--by cooperative study group]. 649

Transplantation of Yoshida sarcoma (solid type) and Zajdela ascites hepatoma tumors in rats induces a biphasic change in the concentration of the following five acute-phase proteins: alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; alpha-1-antitrypsin; haptoglobin; hemopexin; and ceruloplasmin. These proteins and other plasma proteins were quantitated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis relative to normal serum concentrations. The elevation of most of these acute-phase proteins was greater in the second phase, during which serum levels increased continuously as the tumor burden increased until the animals died. The increase in haptoglobin concentration during the second phase was much higher in rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma than in rats bearing Zajdela tumors. Rats receiving irradiated tumor cells showed neither tumor growth nor second-phase protein changes. Significant increases in uptake of 3H-amino acids by isolated perfused livers of tumor-bearing rats provided evidence for an increase in the hepatic synthesis rates of the acute-phase proteins. Removal of the solid tumor resulted in a gradual decrease of acute-phase protein concentrations with concomitant increase in serum albumin concentration. These alterations in serum acute-phase proteins during tumor growth and after removal of the tumor may make their use attractive as biological markers of the response of the tumor-bearing animal to its tumor.
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PMID:Kinetics of the acute-phase reaction in rats after tumor transplantation. 697 53

A study of the effects of local tumor radiation alone (1500R) and cyclophosphamide alone (150 mg/kg) on the experimental solid tumor rat hepatoma 3924A has been completed. Cyclophosphamide was more effective in controlling tumor growth than either radiation or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (150 mg/kg) previously reported. Parallel recovery of bone marrow with increasing animal survival in "split dose" cyclophosphamide toxicity studies (as with 5-FU) indicates that bone marrow is the critical organ for sequential chemotherapy. Recovery of intestinal mucosa following cyclophosphamide (and 5-FU) occurred much earlier than recovery of bone marrow, substantiating the fact that bone marrow is the critical organ governing the time of administration of a second series of chemotherapeutic agents. The longest period of time (seven days) between delivery of radiation and administration of cyclophosphamide resulted in the most effective use of the two modalities. Tumor growth delay was 1.2 times greater than the additive effects of each agent given alone. Radiation and cyclophosphamide given at other time intervals resulted in either an additive or less than additive effect. One of the greatest difficulties to overcome in the more effective clinical use of combined modality therapy is increased toxicity. In these studies, the least host toxicity occurred when the effects of combined radiation and cyclophosphamide on the tumor were greatest. Results of experimental studies to date suggest that sequential combined modality therapy may be given at a time of maximum tumor growth rate that occurs following the previous treatment series. Since the time of maximum tumor growth rate occurs after recovery of the bone marrow from the previous treatment series, combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy schedules of this type should permit sequential administration of chemotherapeutic agents, such as 5-FU and cyclophosphamide, at the time of enhanced tumor sensitivity and diminished host toxicity.
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PMID:Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities. XIII. Comparison of response and recovery of host and solid tumor to cyclophosphamide and radiation. 737 10

8-chloroadenosine showed marked activity against mice solid tumor hepatoma 22 (H22) and ascitic leukemia L-1210. At 100mg. Kg-1. /d x 7, the inhibition rate of H22 was 71.7 +/- 13.3% (P < 0.01) and 66.1 +/- 4.46% (P < 0.01), i.p. and i.v., respectively; at the same dose, the life-prolonging rate of mice bearing L-1210 was 124.0 +/- 22.1% (P < 0.01) and 104.2 +/- 20.1% (P < 0.01), i.p. and i.v., respectively. 8-chloroadenosine also showed activity against 3 human cancer cell lines in vitro. The IC50 values were determined by measuring cell growth using trypan blue dye exclusion. The results showed that HL-60 and K562, and human gastric cancer cell line MGc80-3 and IC50 values of 1. 8 mumol/L, 4.2 mumol/L and 1.56 mumol/L, respectively. The toxicity of 8-chloroadenosine was low, with LD50 of 1025.0 +/- 52.4 mg/kg for mice and 793.4 +/- 70.1 mg/kg for rats by single i.p. injection.
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PMID:[Antitumor activities of 8-chloroadenosine in vivo and in vitro]. 765 89

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is rare. By chance, a Chinese woman detected a mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid tumor with a central fibrous scar locating at the posterior inferior subsegment of the right hepatic lobe. The tumor was successfully resected and histopathological examination revealed a fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Our case shows that fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma may also occur in Chinese as well as in Japanese and Westerners.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma--report of a Chinese patient. 767 69

For specification of the requirements for efficient cell cryodestruction in tumors, we tested a N2O-driven cryoprobe on experimental models. The cryoprobe was a 3-mm-diameter type for operation via fiber optic bronchoscopes in respiratory medicine. The freezing process, namely the "ice-ball" formation around the cryoprobe tip, was monitored with an impedancemeter. Physical characteristics and formation kinetics of the ice-ball formation (volume, diameter, freezing rate) were studied under defined experimental conditions in various biological liquids, including saline, serum, whole blood, and tumor cell suspensions (rat ascitic hepatoma), either plain or supplemented with gelling agents to approximate solid tumor consistency. Cell destruction (i.e., cryotoxicity to cells) within the ice ball produced in rat ascitic hepatoma was assessed in two ways: the cells, collected after ice-ball thawing, were (1) seeded and cultured according to methods currently in use, or (2) injected into a rat to check for possible development of ascites. Both tests showed that cryotoxicity correlated with freezing rate within the ice ball, cell mortality was total next to the cryoprobe tip (i.e., site of highest freezing rate), while it was absent within the ice-ball periphery. In the area in between, mortality varied gradually. Together our experimental results show that cryotoxicity to cells may be improved by increasing the freezing rate (e.g., by brief precooling of the cryoprobe). Furthermore, for tumor cryosurgery, since cell mortality is maximal next to the cryoprobe, we point out that higher efficacy might be achieved by several overlapping short freezing spots in tumoral tissue, instead of one single prolonged freeze.
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PMID:The operation and efficacy of cryosurgical, nitrous oxide-driven cryoprobe. I. Cryoprobe physical characteristics: their effects on cell cryodestruction. 805 Feb 73

Previous studies have shown that human IgG1 contains a 'reactive' disulfide bridge (SS*), detectable by a 24-hour disulfide exchange reaction, and that the serum level of this IgG subclass is selectively diminished in patients with various malignant diseases. Here we present evidence that in rats IgG2b is the only subclass that carries one SS* per molecule. Furthermore, it is shown that rats inoculated with experimental tumor lines, i.e., the Yoshida hepatoma ascites tumor and the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma growing in ascites or as solid tumor, exhibit significantly decreased SS* per mole IgG which corresponds to a selective diminution of IgG2b. Although at later stages there is a quantitative correlation with the tumor burden, with the Walker tumor this effect becomes significant as early as 24 h after inoculation, i.e., well before exponential tumor growth and an absolute reduction of total IgG. Control animals injected intraperitoneally with either viable spleen cells or irradiated Walker 256 cells did not show comparable alterations in their IgG subclass profile. Thus, the selective defect of IgG2b requires the presence of viable and proliferating tumor cells. Possible mechanism(s) of tumor-associated shifts in IgG subclasses are discussed.
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PMID:A decrease in reactive disulfide bonds of serum IgG signals a characteristic change in the IgG subclass patterns of rats bearing experimental tumors. 824 96

The presence of under-gamma-carboxylated forms of plasma prothrombin is a marker for human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. A rat hepatoma cell line (7777) which was previously shown to secrete undercarboxylated prothrombin when grown as a solid tumor has now been grown in monolayer culture. This cell line has a decreased activity of the microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase when compared to a control (H4IIEC3) hepatoma line, does not increase intracellular prothrombin concentrations in response to vitamin K depletion, and secretes undercarboxylated prothrombin even when grown in vitamin K supplemented media. Prothrombin gene expression in the 7777 cell line, as measured by prothrombin mRNA levels, was not altered in the 7777 cell line. This cell line appears to be a model for assessing the cellular alterations responsible for undercarboxylated prothrombin excretion by human hepatocellular tumors.
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PMID:Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity, prothrombin mRNA, and prothrombin production in two cultured rat hepatoma cell lines. 837 93

A 46-year old man suffered from fever, sweating, vomiting, abdominal pains, and watery diarrhea during two weeks. The abdomen was tender on pressure. Laboratory findings revealed increased leucocytes to 18,500/microliters, increased thrombocytes to 513,000/microliters, an increased sedimentation rate of 105/129 mm, CRP of 18.2 mg/dl and slightly elevated activities of the amino-transferases. Ultrasonography showed a tumor of the liver with a diameter of 10 cm and a echocomplex wheel-spoke structure. The tumor was confirmed by computed tomography, nuclear resonance tomography, angiography, and scintigraphy without signs of malignity. Fine needle biopsy was negative. Bisegment resection of the liver revealed a tumor of the liver with focal necrosis, with the histological aspect of fibrous tissue with lymphoid infiltration and multiple abscesses. The diagnosis was "inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver" (IPT). Postoperatively the follow-up half a year later was normal. The IPT ist an important differential diagnosis of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The review of 80 cases shows that operative resection of the tumor is the treatment of choice, because the benign diagnosis cannot maintained without doubts. But the pathognomonic trias of symptoms 1. Inflammatory signs, 2. solid tumor of the liver, 3. normal liver tissue allows to make this exceptional diagnosis. The question is whether the operation of the tumor can be avoided by conservative medical therapy.
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PMID:[Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Case report of a rare differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 865 89

Despite several years of experimental observations, the clinical application of the neuroimmunomodulation is still at the beginning. The pineal gland plays a main role in mediating the link between psychoneuroendocrine and immune systems. Melatonin (MLT), which is the main pineal hormone produced during the night, has appeared to amplify IL-2 anticancer activity. Other pineal hormones, however, would have immunomodulatory activity, in particular 5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTT), which is mainly produced during the light phase of the day. Previous clinical studies have shown that low-dose IL-2 plus MLT may have therapeutic efficacy in advanced cancer patients with neoplasms generally resistant to IL-2 alone, with a tumor regression rate generally less than 20% and an acceptable toxicity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose IL-2 in association with both MLT and 5-MTT. The study included 14 untreatable advanced solid tumor patients (lung cancer: 4; gastric cancer: 3; mesothelioma: 2; hepatocarcinoma: 2; pancreatic cancer: 1; melanoma: 1; colon cancer: 1). IL-2 was injected subcutaneously at 3 MIU/day for 6 days/week for 4 weeks, by repeating a second cycle after a 21- day rest period. Both MLT and 5-MTT were given orally at 40 mg/day in the evening and at 1 mg/day at noon. The clinical results, as evaluated by WHO criteria after each cycle, consisted of partial response (PR) in 4/14 (29%) (lung cancer: 2; hepatocarcinoma: 1; mesothelioma: 1), stable disease (SD) in 6 and progressive disease in the last 4 patients. The treatment was extremely well tolerated in all patients, and in particular no fever greater than 38 degrees C occurred. These preliminary results show that the neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose IL-2 plus two pineal hormones, MLT and 5-MTT, is a well tolerated and potentially effective cancer therapy of untreatable advanced solid tumor patients, with results apparently superior with respect to those previously described with IL-2 plus MLT alone.
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PMID:Anticancer neuroimmunomodulation by pineal hormones other than melatonin: preliminary phase II study of the pineal indole 5-methoxytryptophol in association with low-dose IL-2 and melatonin. 949 62


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