Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Out of all the cases seen at autopsy at Ibadan during the study period (1974-1986) ninety-eight patients had primary liver cancer. One of the patients had cholangiocarcinoma. The pattern of metastasis and causes of death of these patients have been studied and discussed in comparison with reports in the literature. The distribution of sites of metastasis in our patients were lungs (37.8%), portal vein (37.8%) and regional lymph nodes (20.4%). We have also shown that the pattern of metastasis of hepatoma arising from cirrhotic liver appears to be different from that of non-cirrhotic liver; the former being more likely to involve the portal vein and regional lymph nodes, while the latter involves more bones. The common causes of death among our patients were bleeding, advanced malignancy and liver failure in 60.2 per cent, 71.4 per cent and 11.2 per cent respectively. Despite recent advances in the management of hepatoma, the above complications remained as major problems.
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PMID:Pattern of metastasis of primary liver cancer at autopsy: an African series. 165 5

Viruses may contribute to the development of human tumors by different mechanisms: indirectly by inducing immunosuppression or by modifying the host cell genome without persistence of viral DNA; directly by inducing oncoproteins or by altering the expression of host cell proteins at the site of viral DNA integration. Human cancers associated with papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus infections are responsible for approximately 15 percent of the worldwide cancer incidence. Cancer of the cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma account for about 80 percent of virus-linked cancers. Because experimental and epidemiologic data imply a causative role for viruses, particularly in cervical and liver cancer, viruses must be thought of as the second most important risk factor for cancer development in humans, exceeded only by tobacco consumption.
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PMID:Viruses in human cancers. 165 43

Experimental and epidemiological studies of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): cirrhosis, male sex, oral contraceptives, alcohol, smoking, and aflatoxins, are evaluated, with meta-analysis for oral contraceptives, alcohol, and smoking. It is likely that an initiating event and one or more promoting events interact, probably with prolonged inflammation, necrosis and regeneration, to cause cancer in several types of cirrhosis. Over 90% of HCC patients have cirrhosis, usually from hepatitis B virus. The viral post-necrotic liver is often chronically dysplastic, but other types of cirrhosis are associated with HCC if they endure long enough. The proportion of men with HCC increases as hepatitis progressors to cirrhosis and then to HCC. Meta-analyses of 3 oral contraceptive studies resulted in a risk of 2.8 for 8 years of use, but 9.9 for 8 years. Population studies do not show any concentration of HCC in countries with high pill use, so the rarity of this cancer may have biased the results. Large epidemiologic studies are needed to refine risk estimates for oral contraceptives and HCC. Alcohol abuse of 80 g/day gives a risk of about 1.65 in pooled studies, compared to a risk of 1.1 for 80 g/day. Smoking gives a risk of 1.9, but there is no evidence for a secular trend by country in proportion to dose, as is evident for lung cancer. There is good experimental evidence that aflatoxin acts as an initiator for liver cancer, but there is not practical way to judge exposure for clinical studies.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors other than HBV. 166 Mar 33

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was evaluated in serum and liver specimens of eight Italian children with primary liver cancer. All children were negative for HBV markers in serum but four of them showed HBV-DNA sequences and/or HBs antigen expression in the liver. In one case, viral DNA was present in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue, while in one case HBV-DNA was detectable only in nontumoral tissue and in one case only in the tumor area. In these cases, scattered HBsAg was expressed in the cytoplasm of cells in normal part of the liver and in another case neoplastic cells secreted HBsAg in culture. In two cases, the histologic diagnosis was HCC; one case had mixed HPB and one had macrotrabecular HPB. All children were more than 1 year of age. The remaining four children were histologically diagnosed as HPB and were less than 1 year of age. These findings suggest that HBV may be a cofactor for the development of liver cancer also in children of Western countries and that the risk of infection progressively increases with age.
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PMID:Does hepatitis B virus play a role in primary liver cancer in children of Western countries? 166 Dec 2

The incidence of primary carcinoma of the liver in Sweden has been reported to increase. In order to study the role of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for liver cancer development 40 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined for the presence of HBV surface antigen and HBV core antigen in the cancer and in the surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue. It was not possible to demonstrate a single case with tissue HBV antigen, indicating that HBV plays a minor role in the etiology of HCC in Sweden and thus does not seem to be responsible for the increasing incidence of this cancer.
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PMID:Lack of correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the increasing incidence of primary liver cancer in Sweden. 166 21

The relationship between the types of hepatectomy in each stage of hepatoma and the outcome was examined in 222 patients with hepatoma, according to the rules established by Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. In Stage 1, the survival rate after absolute curative resection was better than that after relative curative resection. In Stage II, the survival after segmentectomy or lobectomy was significantly better than that after subsegmentectomy or less. Tumor recurrence rates in the remaining liver after segmentectomy or lobectomy were significantly lower than that after smaller resections. In Stages III and IV, there was no difference in survival among the various extents of hepatectomy. Incidence and cause of death after hepatectomy were not influenced by the extent of hepatectomy, as far as it was not beyond the preoperatively estimated safety limits. These results indicate the following: 1) In Stage I, absolute curative resection must be carried out. (2) In Stage II, segmentectomy or lobectomy should be applied when feasible. (3) The patients treated with subsegmentectomy or less for Stage II tumor, and the patients with Stage III or Stage IV tumor are at high risk of recurrence, and those patients need adjuvant therapy after hepatectomy.
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PMID:[The significance of extent of resection in the treatment of hepatoma]. 166 9

Serum levels of alpha-1-Antitrypsin(AAT) were determined in 42 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), 5 patients with metastatic liver cancer from stomach adenocarcinoma, 10 patients with liver cirrhosis, 10 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 66 controls by rocket immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antiserum. The mean level of serum AAT was 225.5 +/- 73.0 mg/dl in 66 controls. The serum AAT in patients with HCC was 428.7 +/- 123.3 mg/dl, which was significantly higher than those in the controls and in patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis(p less than 0.02). The level of AAT in metastatic liver cancer was similar to that in HCC. The positive cut-off value for elevation of serum AAT in this study was determined as above 445 mg/dl, the mean plus 3 standard deviations in the controls. Elevations of serum AAT were observed in 54.8%, 60.0%, and 10.0% of patients with HCC, metastatic liver cancer, and liver cirrhosis, respectively, while none of the patients with chronic hepatitis or the controls was positive. The serum AAT levels in 42 patients with HCC were analyzed with regard to sex, age, serum albumin, HBsAg, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), and diameter of HCC, with no significant differences being observed between these factors and the serum AAT levels except for the diameter of the HCC. The positive rate in the HCC with a diameter of 10 cm or more was 74.1%, which was a significantly higher rate compared with 20.0% in the HCC with diameters less than 10cm. The positive rate of AFP for HCC was 61.9%, when 500 ng/ml of AFP was used as the cut-off value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 166 67

Despite recent advances in hepatic surgery, management of unresectable carcinoma of the liver is still a challenging problem. From September 1988 through March 1989, 10 primary liver cancer patients were treated by hepatic artery embolization (HAE) using lipiodol-adriamycin with or without hepatic artery ligation (HAL). One of them received HAE twice in seven weeks. In two of these patients, following right HAE and HAL, right portal vein embolization (PVE) by catheterization via the ileac vein was performed. Transcatheter portal vein embolization via the ileac vein was simple, easy and safe even it was impossible to expose the hepatic hilum. All patients are alive from 7 to 12 months after operation except one who died of hepatic failure after having survived for 54 days. There was marked alleviation of symptoms and tumor shrinkage was observed in 9 out of 10 patients. HAE and PVE using lipiodol-adriamycin may have the potential of improving the therapeutic effect in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Sequential hepatic artery and portal vein embolization using lipiodol-adriamycin for primary liver cancer]. 166 18

Cancer statistics in 1965 revealed that people in the eastern part of Saitama had a high risk of developing cancer of the liver. Clusters of liver cancer were also observed in 1975, though less for males than for females. In 1985, traces remained of clusters with higher death rates from liver cancer. A field survey revealed absence of correlation between geographical clustering of liver cancer and HBsAg positivity, geographical HBsAg positivity differences between sexes, and lack of correlation between geographical distribution of HBsAg positivity and death rates from liver diseases (cancer or cirrhosis). There was no geographical relationship of death rates from liver cancer to liver cirrhosis in Saitama. Statistics of the Saitama Cancer Center revealed lower averages than in the rest of Japan for the percentage of HBsAg positivity in HCC inpatients, the percentage of HCC inpatients with liver cirrhosis, and the ratio between the number of patients with HCC and those with cholangio carcinoma. A mail questionnaire revealed that farmers in the eastern part of Saitama had a strong positive association with death from liver cancer. These results suggest that HBV does not play an important role in the clustering of high death rates from liver cancer in Saitama.
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PMID:Clustering of liver cancer deaths in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. 166 99

A large-scale, controlled study of universal immunization of newborns against HBV infection has been conducted in the high incidence area of hepatocellular carcinoma, Qidong County of China. This area has a stable population, standardized cancer registration system, and an epidemiological base for measurements of liver cancer prevention by vaccine. Randomization was done on the community level. The vaccination and the control group each will consist of 38,000 children by the end of 1990. It is anticipated that the design will provide high statistical power to detect 50% reduction in the prevalence rate of chronic hepatitis among the vaccinees vs. the controls at 6 to 10 years of age, and 50% reduction in the incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma at 35 to 40 years of age. The vaccine used is Hep-B Vax, donated by Merck and Co. through WHO. The vaccine was administered at 0, 1, and 6 months after birth, the dosage of 5 or 2.5 micrograms in the pilot study as used before 1985 and of 5 micrograms dose level during the main study starting from January 1, 1985. About 85% of the cohorts have now entered the protocol. The vaccination coverage during 1984 to 1989 was 98.0% (35,064/35,789). Follow-up of the vaccinees and the age-matched controls at 5 years has exceeded 97%. The cumulative mortality in the vaccinated group up to 1988 was 1.29% (354/27,450). No single death nor serious adverse reaction was found that was associated with vaccination. The use of HBV vaccine at a reduced dose was especially important for the developing countries at the present time in order to achieve widespread immunization. Five-year results of the pilot study of this vaccination project showed that significant protection against HBV infection was achieved with the 5 or 2.5 micrograms per dose regimen plus a booster of 5 micrograms given at 3.5 to 4 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Design and compliance of HBV vaccination trial on newborns to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma and 5-year results of its pilot study. 166


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