Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between reproductive factors and the risk of primary liver cancer was analyzed using data of a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy between 1984 and 1991 on 79 women with histologically or serologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and 344 controls in hospital for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic diseases. The multivariate relative risk (RR) for parous vs. nulliparous women was 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 5.8), and the risk increased with parity from 2.1 for 1, to 2.6 for 2, to 3.2 for 3, to 3.5 for 4 or more births (chi 2(1) trend = 6.49, p = 0.01). The relative risks were above unity, though not significantly, in women reporting spontaneous (RR = 1.3) and induced (RR = 1.6) abortions, and there was a significant trend in risk with total number of abortions. An apparent inverse trend in risk with age and first birth was accounted for by parity. No relationship emerged with age at menarche, at menopause or other menstrual factors. The association between parity and hepatocellular carcinoma was, if anything, more marked at older ages, since the RR was 1.6 (95% CI 0.5 to 4.6) below age 60, and 4.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 18.1) at age 60 or over. This observation has relevant public-health implications, since in developed countries primary liver cancer is extremely rare among young women, but not at older ages. The association between parity and hepatocellular carcinoma is similar to that described for combined oral contraceptives, again confirming that the impact of contraceptives on the risk of several neoplasms is similar to that of pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Reproductive factors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in women. 132 66

A 61-year-old male was admitted because of hemoptysis. He had a 9 year history of liver cirrhosis associated with HB viral chronic hepatitis. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Laboratory investigations revealed positive HBs antigen with normal alpha-fetoprotein. Chest X-ray film showed large mediastinal lymph nodes and an endobronchial polypoid mass in the distal end of the right main bronchus. The right main PA was narrowed due to compression by the mediastinal mass. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid mass in the right main bronchus. The biopsy specimen was histologically diagnosed as undifferentiated large cell carcinoma. The patient developed respiratory failure, and died 3 weeks after admission. Autopsy revealed a small liver cancer of 1.3 cm diameter within the cirrhotic liver, associated with a small abdominal lymph node metastasis and large mediastinal lymph node swellings. Thromboembolism in the bilateral main pulmonary arteries was concluded to be the cause of death. The mediastinal mass which directly invaded into the right main bronchus had a close histological similarity with the liver cancer, showing undifferentiated carcinoma cells with bizarre nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. An immunohistological study revealed cells positive for alpha-fetoprotein in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The patient was diagnosed as having small liver cancer with mediastinal lymph node metastases. A survey of the literature revealed only a few cases of advanced hepatoma associated with prominent mediastinal metastases. This is the first reported case of small liver cancer presenting with large mediastinal lymph node metastases.
 ...
PMID:[A case of small liver cancer presenting as a huge mediastinal mass]. 132 37

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data point to a role of hepatitis C virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. The connection appears to be indirect and to be mediated by cirrhosis. Thus, geographical differences can be observed, based on the locally prevalent etiological factors for cirrhosis. In the end, prospective studies of hepatitis C virus infected persons will be needed to elucidate the role of this agent in liver cancer.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. 133 32

The present paper reviews several studies performed between 1977 and 1986 in Singapore on the 10-year survival outcome of treatment for stage I and II hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of 801 HCC patients evaluated, only 2 survivors (0.3%) remained in complete remission for 13 and 14 years, respectively. One had received four weekly cycles of prednisolone, Adriamycin, vincristine and 5-fluorouracil for an inoperable HCC with a 10-cm diameter, and the other had received localised synchronised hepatic irradiation and Adriamycin. As follow-up, the use of localised hepatic irradiation consisting of 131I-labeled (30 mCi) iodised oil in lipiodol infused via the hepatic artery appeared to benefit patients with small residual tumours but did not affect larger tumours measuring 2 cm in diameter. Prophylactic, intermittent long-term administration of lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha (Wellferon) was carried out in pre-cancerous, high-risk hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients with cirrhosis, in immediate male relatives of liver cancer patients, and in persons who had undergone hepatic resection. In the untreated group, 10/162 (6%) cirrhotics, 3/18 (17%) male family members, and 6/10 (60%) post-resection cases developed single or multiple HCCs within 1 year of screening done at 3-month intervals on the basis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and real-time hepatic ultrasonography. In contrast, none of the Wellferon-treated group consisting of 518 cirrhotic patients, 82 male relatives of HCC patients and 20 post-resection cases developed HCC. Two HBsAg-positive individuals who had not been treated with interferon (IFN) developed hepatic nodules which that showed dysplasia, AFP elevation and chromosomal changes. These studies demonstrate the poor results of late diagnosis and show that early intervention and prophylaxis with Wellferon can reduce the incidence of HCC in high-risk persons. In addition, transhepatic chemoembolisation and liver resection are suitable methods for treating small HCCs (single or multiple) that are detected by screening. However, some of these early-detected HCCs remain highly malignant. Prophylactic treatment of pre-cancerous conditions appears to be a better option as a long-term programme for HCC.
 ...
PMID:Long-term survival following treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in Singapore: evaluation of Wellferon in the prophylaxis of high-risk pre-cancerous conditions. 133

It is frequently assumed that the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus is higher when chronic hepatitis B virus infection is acquired early in life. This hypothesis has never been directly evaluated. However, firstborn and secondborn children are exposed to common infections after their school enrollment, whereas laterborn children are exposed much earlier, through their older siblings. The authors analyzed sibship size and birth order data from a large case-control study of patients admitted to Athens, Greece, hospitals between April 1976 and October 1984. The analyses included 185 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 35 patients with metastatic liver cancer, and 432 other hospital controls. There was a tendency for cases of hepatocellular carcinoma to concentrate at higher birth orders. When the analysis was restricted to cases and controls who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, this tendency was even more notable. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that establishment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection at an early age increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma substantially more than does chronic infection with this virus established at a later age.
 ...
PMID:Age at first establishment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. A birth order study. 133 66

We studied all the 70 cases of liver cancer referred to us in 1988. Sixty (85.71%) were primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the other 10 (14.29%) were metastatic liver cancer. Of the 60 HCC, 48 were males and 12 females. Peak age incidence was between 20-40 years. Forty-five (75%) had tumours in both lobes. Of the remaining 15, seven had tumours in the right lobe while eight were in the left. More detailed assessment identified eight as Child's C. Seven (11.66%) had laparotomy, and two were inoperable. Three (60%) died shortly after resection, leaving two survivors. One of the survivors lived for 24 months, and the other had recurrent tumour after 26 months. The majority had cirrhosis of the liver, were positive for markers of hepatitis B virus, and showed elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Palliative treatment was disappointing, and all were dead within 15 months. Prognosis of HCC in our environment is poor. Considering the advances made in liver surgery in recent years, our mortality and morbidity figures can improve. Notwithstanding, preventive measures should be intensified.
 ...
PMID:Sixty cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in one year. A preliminary appraisal. 133

Point-mutational activation of the c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene has been shown to be rare in human hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common primary liver cancer and one usually associated with chronic viral infection. To reveal the association of c-Ki-ras activation with cholangiocarcinogenesis under different etiological backgrounds, the incidence of point mutation at codons 12 and 13 of the c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene was examined in three groups of human liver cancers with differentiation to biliary epithelial cells: Group 1, cholangiocellular carcinoma in Japanese with normal livers; Group 2, cholangiocellular carcinoma in Thais who had lived in an area where the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is endemic; and Group 3, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma, a rare type showing features of both hepatocellular and biliary epithelial differentiation, in Japanese with chronic viral hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. The polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of its product were used to detect the mutation. Point mutation at codon 12 of the c-Ki-ras gene was detected in five (56%) of nine cases in Group 1. In contrast, the mutation was not detected in any of the cases in Groups 2 and 3. Therefore, point-mutational activation of c-Ki-ras did not seem to be involved in the development of primary liver cancers associated with apparent chronic irritation of liver cells or biliary epithelial cells caused by exogenous liver-fluke or viral infection. On the other hand, point-mutational activation of the c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene may be involved in cholangiocarcinogenesis in liver without preexisting liver-fluke or viral infection.
 ...
PMID:Cholangiocarcinomas in Japanese and Thai patients: difference in etiology and incidence of point mutation of the c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene. 133 66

We studied the usefulness and the limits of the ultrasonic diagnostic criteria for liver tumours formulated by the Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine (JSUM). 226 cases with liver mass lesions were enrolled in this study. At least one of the criteria reached a value of over 80% for one of the items: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value or overall accuracy. In the differentiation of liver tumours, sharp & smooth boundary, presence of marginal hypoechoic zone, mosaic pattern, starry anechoic area, posterior echo enhancement and lateral shadows were important for HCC. For metastatic liver cancer, potato shape, coarsely irregular boundary, presence of marginal hypoechoic zone, internal target like anecho were important features. The liver pathology of the false negative cases corresponded to: a) liver tissue completely replaced or infiltrated by HCC or metastasis. b) the non-tumour tissue and tumour tissue were isoechoic but also without marginal hypoechoic zone. c) the ultrasonograms of non tumoural areas were modified by calcification of eggs of schistosomiasis and severe fibrosis. It can be concluded that most HCC and metastatic liver cancers over 3 cm in diameter can be diagnosed correctly by the JSUM's criteria. However, complimentary image diagnosis and fine needle biopsy are important to assure the highest diagnostic score in cases with US negative and small tumours.
 ...
PMID:Study of the usefulness and the limits of ultrasonic diagnostic criteria for diagnosis of liver tumours. 133 40

This paper reports the application of Cox regression model in prognostic factors analysis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (PHC), based on the data obtained from 1618 registered of cases PHC and 432 hospitalized patients of PHC in ZhongShan City from 1980 to 1989. The result shows that there is an association between PHC and the following factors: extrahepato metastasis, therapeutic method, clinical stage, alpha-fetoprotein, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, the number of tumors in the liver, the size of the tumor, icteric index and history of cirrhosis. Among these factors, clinical stage III, large liver cancer are unfavorable factors for PHC prognosis, while hepatectomy, hepatic artery catheterization chemotherapy, are favorable prognostic factors.
 ...
PMID:[The analysis of prognostic factors of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with Cox model]. 133 14

Nine patients with inoperable hepatoma were treated by using hepatic arterial embolization 131I and chemotherapeutic agent gelatin microsphere (131I-CA-GM). The emission CT after operation detected that the microspheres were concentrated on tumor area. The ratio between the radioactivity in tumor and that in liver was 4.1:1. A case died of ictopic embolization; the others survived 3, 4, 5, 19, 24, 7, 8, and 12 months respectively. Three of them were still alive. 131I-CA-GM has triple anticarcinogenic actions, including the arterial occlusion, targeting chemotherapy and internal radiation. The microspheres can selectively accumulate in the tumor artery and can be easily traced by gamma-camera or emission CT. 131I-CA-GM is a hopeful embolic agent for the treatment of liver cancer, but some problems about ectopic arterial embolization should be further studied.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatic carcinoma treated by hepatic arterial embolization using 131I and chemotherapeutic agent gelatin microspheres: report of 9 cases]. 133 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>