Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report new operative approaches to the treatment of hepatic vein occlusion due to malignant tumors in the liver and their results in four patients. Two patients had hepatoma, one had metastatic melanoma, and one had metastatic leiomyosarcoma. All of them had abdominal pain, abdominal distention secondary to ascites, and massive hepatomegaly. The right lobe and medial segment of the left lobe of the liver were involved in three patients, and the involvement was diffuse throughout the liver in one. Hepatic veins were occluded completely in one patient, and two of three veins were occluded in the others. Two patients were treated by hepatic resection and removal of tumor thrombus from the hepatic vein under isolation-perfusion technique. They lived 18 and six months, respectively, without recurrence of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Tumors in the other patients were diffuse and could not be resected. The hepatic artery was ligated and chemotherapy was given postoperatively. Ascites and abdominal pain disappeared completely in one, who survived 17 months. The other patient had significant palliation and lived nine months.
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PMID:Surgical management of hepatic vein occlusion by tumor: Budd-Chiari syndrome. 19 61

Our group and others have conducted phase II trials of high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-2 with the adoptive transfer of in vitro activated lymphocytes in patients with advanced malignancies. Although durable complete and partial responses were seen in patients with renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, overall response rates were low and toxicity was substantial. In preclinical models, the combination of IL-2 and interferon-alpha has synergistic antitumor activity. Based on these data, and our prior experience with high-dose IL-2 (Cetus), we conducted a trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of IL-2 (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/m2) administered together with a fixed dose of interferon-alpha 2b (3 x 10(6) u/m2) intravenously every 8 h on days 1-5 and 15-19. Patients were monitored in the intensive care unit and given pressor support for hypotension as needed. Twenty-four patients were entered (6, 10, and 8 at each IL-2 dose, respectively; 14 renal cell carcinoma, 7 melanoma, 2 colon, and 1 hepatoma). The median age was 56 years, the male to female ratio was 19:5, and performance status was 0 or 1 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) in all patients. Toxicity was similar at all dose levels, but the onset was earlier in the treatment course as the dose of IL-2 was escalated in successive cohorts; therefore, more doses were withheld at the higher dose levels. The major toxicities resulting in the interruption or stopping of treatment were hypotension requiring pressors, dyspnea, and neurotoxicity. Grade 1 or 2 fever, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and cutaneous reactions were common at all dose levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I study of high-dose interleukin-2 in combination with interferon-alpha 2b. 207 39

A catheter (5Fr) was inserted and placed via the left radial artery in the common or proper hepatic artery for intra-hepato-arterial infusion chemotherapy in 26 cases of liver malignancy. The patients for the chemotherapy included 15 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, five cases of metastatic gastric carcinoma, 3 cases of metastatic colorectal carcinoma, one case of metastatic leiomyosarcoma, one case of metastatic bile duct carcinoma and one case of metastatic melanoma. A large-bore catheter was successfully inserted via the left radial artery, and transcatheter arterial embolization therapy (TAE) was performed on 8 cases during the infusion chemotherapy using the same catheter. One case developed cerebellar infarction after the insertion of the catheter, but no other serious complication developed during the therapy using this technique. It is easy to insert or remove the catheter via the left radial artery. This technique is useful in intra-hepato-arterial infusion chemotherapy on liver malignancy.
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PMID:[Intra-hepato-arterial infusion chemotherapy using catheter inserted and placed in hepatic artery via the left radial artery on liver malignancy]. 215 87

Unstimulated and interferon (IFN)-stimulated natural killer cell (NK) activity was investigated in patients with malignant melanoma prior to the removal of the primary melanoma (stage I disease) or in patients with melanoma metastases. Unstimulated as well as IFN-stimulated NK activities, directed against the primarily NK-sensitive K562 cell line, were found not to differ significantly from the NK activity of healthy control subjects. In contrast, IFN-stimulated NK activity directed against the primarily NK-insensitive Chang hepatoma and JY cell lines was significantly lower in patients with metastatic melanoma than in patients with non-metastatic disease (Chang hepatoma cell line: P less than 0.02; JY cell line: P less than 0.0017) and - in experiments using the JY cell line - than in healthy controls (P less than 0.01). Stage I melanoma patients did not differ in their IFN-induced NK activity from healthy control subjects using Chang hepatoma and JY cell lines. Finally, the IFN-induced increase in NK activity directed against primarily NK-insensitive target cell lines was significant in stage I melanoma patients and in healthy controls (P less than 0.01, respectively), but not in patients with metastatic melanoma (P greater than 0.5). We thus conclude that patients with metastatic malignant melanoma exhibited a defect in IFN-augmented NK activity directed against primarily NK-insensitive targets.
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PMID:Defective interferon-augmented natural killer cell activity in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. 247 50

The factors influencing survival for patients with cancer of the liver were studied by reviewing the records of 414 patients operated on in a private oncology practice. Approximately half (47%) had colorectal metastasis; 17% had metastatic breast carcinoma, 14% had malignant hepatoma, 5% had metastatic melanoma, and the remainder had a variety of primary cancers. Eighty-two per cent of all patients had advanced liver disease when first diagnosed. One quarter of the patients had some type of resection; the remainder had abdominal exploration plus insertion of an infusion catheter into the hepatic artery. The postoperative mortality rate after liver resection for 108 patients was 6.5%. After resection, the most important prognostic factor influencing survival was the presence or absence of extrahepatic metastases. When possible, resection was by far the best treatment available, and the best results were seen in patients who had resection of a solitary lesion. For advanced disease, when resection was not possible, intra-arterial chemotherapy, primarily with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was associated with response rates of 36% for colorectal cancer, 45% for breast cancer, 13% for hepatocellular cancer, 12% for melanoma, and 14% for metastases from other primary sites. The patients who responded to infusion lived longer than those who did not respond. For example, at 18 months, 26% of the responders with colorectal cancer were alive, as were 50% of the responders with breast cancer and 40% of the responders with hepatocellular cancer. In contrast, at 18 months, there were no survivors among the nonresponders with colorectal, breast, or hepatocellular cancer. For those patients treated solely by infusion chemotherapy, the extent of disease in the liver was the most reliable factor in predicting the length of survival. However, very few patients treated in this manner lived longer than 3 years.
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PMID:Treatment of cancer of the liver. Twenty years' experience with infusion and resection in 414 patients. 283 23

Hypoglycemia associated with nonislet cell tumor was found in 13 dogs. In each dog, clinical signs were related directly to adrenergic and neuroglucopenic effects of hypoglycemia and included collapsing episodes, tremors, restlessness, weakness, and grand mal seizures that were responsive to glucose administration. Eight of the dogs had hepatocellular carcinoma; surgical resection of the tumor achieved remission of clinical signs in 3 of these dogs. Other hepatic tumors associated with hypoglycemia included leiomyosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma involving solitary lobes of the liver. Nonhepatic tumors included splenic hemangiosarcoma, diffuse metastatic melanoma, and salivary gland adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia associated with nonislet cell tumor in 13 dogs. 298 Dec

We studied in a homologous system the procoagulant activity of human tumor cells cultured "in vitro" (1402 primary melanoma, Me 7110/2 metastatic melanoma, Hep G2 hepatoma and GLC1 small cell lung carcinoma) or of cells freshly isolated from different human tumor tissues. Tumor cells cultured "in vitro" possessed and released a factor VII dependent procoagulant activity, which was inhibited by concanavalin A and unaffected by iodoacetamide or HgCl2. The activity released by the cells of metastatic melanoma was higher than that released by the cells of the primary tumor. On the contrary, cancer cells isolated from tumor tissues possessed and released a factor VII independent activity which was inhibited by iodoacetamide of HgCl2 and was not modified by concanavalin A. Therefore, different methods for the preparation of tumor cell suspensions have to be used for the study of tumor procoagulants, since their expression depends very largely on the source of tumor cells. Furthermore, cultured human tumor cells are not an appropriate model for the "in vivo" procoagulant effect of tumor cells.
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PMID:Different expression of procoagulant activity in human cancer cells cultured "in vitro" or in cells isolated from human tumor tissues. 849 45

EDD (E3 isolated by differential display), located at chromosome 8q22.3, is the human orthologue of the Drosophila melanogaster tumour suppressor gene 'hyperplastic discs' and encodes a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein-ligase. To investigate the possible involvement of EDD in human cancer, several cancers from diverse tissue sites were analysed for allelic gain or loss (allelic imbalance, AI) at the EDD locus using an EDD-specific microsatellite, CEDD, and other polymorphic microsatellites mapped in the vicinity of the 8q22.3 locus. Of 143 cancers studied, 38 had AI at CEDD (42% of 90 informative cases). In 14 of these cases, discrete regions of imbalance encompassing 8q22.3 were present, while the remainder had more extensive 8q aberrations. AI of CEDD was most frequent in ovarian cancer (22/47 informative cases, 47%), particularly in the serous subtype (16/22, 73%), but was rare in benign and borderline ovarian tumours. AI was also common in breast cancer (31%), hepatocellular carcinoma (46%), squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (50%) and metastatic melanoma (18%). AI is likely to represent amplification of the EDD gene locus rather than loss of heterozygosity, as quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that EDD mRNA and protein are frequently overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers, while among breast cancer cell lines EDD overexpression and increased gene copy number were correlated. These results demonstrate that AI at the EDD locus is common in a diversity of carcinomas and that the EDD gene is frequently overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancer, implying a potential role in cancer progression.
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PMID:EDD, the human orthologue of the hyperplastic discs tumour suppressor gene, is amplified and overexpressed in cancer. 1290 90

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the safety of laparoscopic right hepatectomy for benign or malignant disease. Many reports document the success of minor or segmental liver resections performed laparoscopically. Major hepatic resection has rarely been reported. This report documents our experience with 12 laparoscopic right hepatectomies. Ten patients had suspected malignancy, but all had lesions well clear of the midplane of the liver. The surgery followed three distinct phases: (1). Portal dissection during which diathermy and harmonic shears are used, clips are applied to the right hepatic duct and right hepatic artery, and a vascular stapler is used to divide the right portal vein; (2). dissection of the vena cava, which is usually done by tunneling below the liver using harmonic shears, clips, and a linear stapler to divide the right hepatic vein; and (3). parenchymal division during which harmonic shears and multiple firings of linear staplers are used to divide the liver substance. In five patients the procedure was completed totally laparoscopically, five patients had a laparoscopic-assisted procedure, and two patients had to be converted to formal open hepatectomy. Four patients required blood transfusion. There were no deaths and two cases of major morbidity-bile leakage in one and wound dehiscence in one. The average hospital stay was 8 days, but for those whose operations were completed totally laparoscopically, 4 days was the average. Two of the nine patients with documented cancer have since died-one with widespread intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma and another with widespread metastatic melanoma after resection of a colorectal metastasis. Seven patients with colorectal cancer are alive and disease free with follow-up of 6 to 24 months. Laparoscopic right hepatectomy is feasible in selected patients. It is technically demanding but can be safely accomplished by surgeons who have experience in advanced laparoscopic procedures and open hepatic surgery.
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PMID:Laparoscopic right hepatectomy: surgical technique. 1503 98

Hepatic metastases of malignant melanoma are not unusual and frequently occur with a clinically long latent period following resection of a cutaneous or ocular primary. Due to its overlapping cytomorphology with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnostic difficulties may arise on fine-needle aspiration of these lesions if the clinical history of melanoma is not known. Thirty-two cases of metastatic melanoma in the liver and primary hepatocellular carcinoma were studied. Aspiration was performed under ultrasound guidance using 22-gauge spinal needle. Slides were stained with Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou stain; cell blocks were stained with H&E. A panel of immunostains was performed using conventional methodology. Of the 12 cytologic parameters assessed, the most helpful in making a metastatic melanoma diagnosis were the presence of sheet-like architecture, plasmacytoid and/or biphasic (epithelioid/spindled cell) morphology, cytoplasmic tails, necrosis, and cytoplasmic melanin-like pigment. For hepatocellular carcinoma, the presence of trabeculae, perivascular cellular clustering, endothelial wrapping, and centrally located nuclei with granular cytoplasm were helpful features. In selected cases, IPOX studies were critical in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Metastatic malignant melanoma in liver aspirate: cytomorphologic distinction from hepatocellular carcinoma. 1504 59


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