Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) was investigated in six children with the following advanced malignancies: hepatocellular carcinoma, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma, sacrococcygeal malignant teratoma, small round cell tumor of the chest wall, hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. Partial response was achieved in three of these patients, two showed no change, and in one IHC was used as adjuvant chemotherapy. The side effects of IHC were minimal and tolerable. Angiotensin-IHC may provide a new approach to pediatric cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy in children with advanced solid tumors. 166 35

We have studied the incidence pattern of childhood cancers in Korea. Although the incidence of many tumors in Korea is similar to that in other countries, the incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatoma is greater in Korean children. Yonsei Cancer Center commenced a study of multi-modality treatment of childhood cancers in July 1974. The most striking improvement of survival rate was seen in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (50% at 5 years), Wilms' tumor (65% at 5 years), neuroblastoma (45% at 2 years), osteogenic sarcoma (55% at 2 years) and malignant histiocytosis (20% at 5 years). This study is an attempt to create a basic framework providing the best possible treatment of childhood cancer in Korea. The data obtained in Korea are briefly compared with those in Japan and the United States.
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PMID:The present status of childhood cancer therapy in Korea. 609 45

In the study of international childhood cancer incidence coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, carcinomas were generally rare, with an annual incidence for most sites nearly always under 1/1 million. Liver carcinoma was most common in parts of East Asia, Oceania, and Africa, where it is also common among adults and hepatitis B infection is widespread. Adrenocortical carcinoma had an incidence in Sao Paulo, Brazil, of 1.5/1 million, more than three times the rate in most other registries, indicating the presence of either a specific environmental risk factor acting before or around the time of birth or a concentration of genetically susceptible persons. Thyroid carcinoma seldom had a recorded incidence of more than 1/1 million, and variations in recorded rates may reflect differences in frequency of diagnosis rather than variations in risk. In East Asian populations, who have the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among adults, the childhood incidence of this cancer was moderately elevated. By far the highest incidence in children was found in North Africa, a region of intermediate risk for adults. In the United States the incidence among Black children was nine times that among Whites. Genetic and environmental factors may both be involved in the striking ethnic and geographical distribution. Oral carcinoma in childhood had a high relative frequency in Bangladesh. In the United States, the incidence among Black children was three times that among Whites. Skin carcinoma had an exceptionally high frequency in Tunisia, associated with the unusually high prevalence of xeroderma pigmentosum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:International variations in the incidence of childhood carcinomas. 806 78

Preliminary reports have suggested that survivors of childhood cancer and aplastic anemia who are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a low risk for progression to significant liver disease. Among our surviving patients who were transfused between 1961 and March 1992, 77 (6.6% of surviving patients tested thus far) have evidence of HCV infection, whereas 4 surviving patients who were transfused after March 1992 are HCV-infected. One patient chronically infected with HCV died of liver failure, and 2 patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma. To characterize the risk for these and other complications, 65 patients are enrolled in a longitudinal study of HCV infection, of whom 58 (89.2%) had circulating HCV RNA at the time of protocol enrollment, with genotypes 1A and 1B most commonly isolated. Most enrolled patients have few or no symptoms, carry out normal activities, and have normal liver function. To date, 35 patients have undergone liver biopsy for abnormal liver function since the diagnosis of primary malignancy; central pathology review shows 28 (80%) have chronic active hepatitis, 25 (71%) have fibrosis, and 3 (9%) have cirrhosis. These preliminary data suggest that though most survivors of childhood cancer who are infected with HCV are clinically well, some are at risk for clinically significant liver disease. Identification of other HCV-infected patients and prospective monitoring of this cohort are ongoing to determine the risk for, and to identify factors associated with the progression of, liver disease.
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PMID:Hepatitis C infection among survivors of childhood cancer. 1080 70

Incidence rates of childhood cancer for the city of Ho Chi Minh are presented for the first time. For the 3-year period 1995-97, a total of 302 cancer cases were registered in children under 15 years of age, with a male to female ratio of 1.1. The overall crude rate was 78.8 and the age-standardised incidence rate was 88.4 per million person-years, which was low in comparison with other countries in eastern Asia and with the predominantly white population of Australia. Leukaemia (principally acute lymphocytic), brain tumours and lymphomas were the most common childhood neoplasms, which is consistent with the pattern observed in other registries of the region. The rate of retinoblastoma was higher than in the other regional registries. On the other hand, no cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were registered.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood cancer in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1995-97. 1094 16

Hepatic tumours are rare in childhood. Within the frame of the EUROCARE II study, a total of 328 liver tumours in patients aged 0--14 years were reported during the period 1978--1989. The childhood cancer registries in UK and Germany contributed approximately a third of the cases each. Hepatoblastoma accounted for 71% of cases. The 5-year survival was 36% 95% confidence interval (CI) 28--46%, with no significant difference between the genders. Patients aged 10--14 years did worse, especially boys. Survival improved significantly during the study period. Survival in hepatocellular carcinoma was lower, 20% (95% CI 6--52%), and showed no improvement during the study period.
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PMID:Survival of children with liver tumours in Europe 1978--1989. 1131 49

The results of preliminary reports of childhood cancer survivors with hepatitis C infection (HCV) show that in none of these patients did the disease progress to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The authors describe two patients who were diagnosed with HCC more than 20 years after the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Serologic testing, done at the time HCC was diagnosed, found HCV-directed antibodies, suggesting that chronic HCV infection contributed to the development of the subsequent neoplasm. Identification of infected patients will permit intervention to reduce the risk of progressive liver disease and will also assist in defining the risk of and variables contributing to progressive liver disease.
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PMID:Hepatitis C infection and hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment of childhood cancer. 1187 82

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare pediatric neoplasm exceptionally reported in infants and fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma (FLC) a HCC variant. Controversy exists whether FLC has a better prognosis than classic HCC, although recent studies of children and young adults with FLC did not report a better outcome. We present a 4-month-old male infant without any related metabolic or infectious disease who developed a metastatic and multifocal FLC. Serum alpha-fetoprotein determinations were always normal. Induction chemotherapy using cisplatin and Adriamycin resulted in a partial response, however, refractory disease developed and regional metastasis precluded surgical resection. The child died from tumoral progression.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in an infant and literature review. 1913 94

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially lethal complication in cancer therapy. It may occur in highly sensitive tumors, especially in childhood cancer and leukemia, whereas, it is rare in the treatment of solid tumors in adults. TLS results from a sudden and rapid release of nuclear and cytoplasmic degradation products of malignant cells. The release of these can lead to severe alterations in the metabolic profile. Here, we present two cases of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) that resulted in TLS. Although TLS rarely happens in the treatment of adult hepatic tumor, only a few cases have been reported. We should keep in mind that all patients with HCC, particularly those with large and rapidly growing tumors, must be closely watched for evidence of TLS after TACE.
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PMID:Tumor lysis syndrome after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: case reports and literature review. 1978 37

Pediatric tumors are relatively infrequent, but are often associated with significant lethality and lifelong morbidity. A major goal of pediatric cancer research has been to identify key drivers of tumorigenesis to eventually develop targeted therapies to enhance cure rate and minimize acute and long-term toxic effects. Here, we used genomic approaches to identify biomarkers and candidate drivers for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC), a very rare subtype of pediatric liver cancer for which limited therapeutic options exist. In-depth genomic analyses of one tumor followed by immunohistochemistry validation on seven other tumors showed expression of neuroendocrine markers in FL-HCC. DNA and RNA sequencing data further showed that common cancer pathways are not visibly altered in FL-HCC but identified two novel structural variants, both resulting in fusion transcripts. The first, a 400 kb deletion, results in a DNAJB1-PRKCA fusion transcript, which leads to increased cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity in the index tumor case and other FL-HCC cases compared with normal liver. This PKA fusion protein is oncogenic in HCC cells. The second gene fusion event, a translocation between the CLPTM1L and GLIS3 genes, generates a transcript whose product also promotes cancer phenotypes in HCC cell lines. These experiments further highlight the tumorigenic role of gene fusions in the etiology of pediatric solid tumors and identify both candidate biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets for this lethal pediatric disease.
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PMID:Genomic analysis of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. 2512 62


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