Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective study, an attempt was made to determine the specificity of various imaging methods for defining tumours of the liver rather than their ability to demonstrate them. It was based on 130 patients with histologically confirmed lesions (33 haemangiomas, 17 FNH, 4 hepatocellular adenomas, 28 HCC, 36 adenocarcinoma metastases). The methods were MRT (130 cases), sonography (119), CT (122), dynamic arterial angio-CT (15), 99TC-EHIDA or blood pool scintigraphy (4 FNH, haemangiomas, HCC, 44 cases). MRT showed somewhat better results (accuracy 80%) than CT (73%) and angio-CT (73%) in demonstrating the type of lesion. The results of scintigraphy (53%) and sonography (69%) were rather worse. The range of accuracy for MRT, CT and sonography varied from 94% (haemangiomas with MRT) to 47% (FNH with sonography).
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PMID:[The accuracy of the imaging procedures (sonography, MRT, CT, angio-CT,nuclear medicine) in characterizing liver tumors]. 185 Jan 56

With a retrospective analysis of images from 39 patients with histologically proven liver tumours we tried to determine the best MRT-parameter for detection of cavernous hemangioma (n = 19) and its differentiation from malignoma (metastases n = 17, HCC n = 5). The best differentiation was achieved with the contrast-to-noise ratio between lesion and liver in multi-echo-images with TR/TE = 2,000/210 ms and a definite limit with an accuracy of 84% for hemangioma and 91% for malignoma. The respective intensity ratios (lesion/liver) were 95% and 77%. T2-relation times and the T1- and T2-ratios were also calculated. In contrary to the literature we think that these parameters are not sufficiently discriminating.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis by MRT of cavernous hemangiomas and malignant tumors of the liver--advantages of the multi-echo technic]. 216 Jun 68

The intermediate filament proteins of rhabdoid tumors of the kidney were investigated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to different intermediate filament proteins. Rhabdoid tumor cells are decorated by an antivimentin antibody and by an antibody made against a 54-kilodalton (kd) cytokeratin from human hepatoma cells. The rhabdoid tumor cells fail to react with an antibody generated against keratin from stratum corneum or with an anti-200-kd neurofilament protein antibody. Cytoskeleton preparations of rhabdoid tumor cells grown in vitro demonstrate the presence of vimentin (58 kd) and the 54-kd cytokeratin. Thus, these cells contain two different intermediate filament proteins characteristic of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. We also demonstrate that rhabdoid tumor cells can form tumors in athymic (nude) mice and that the intracytoplasmic globules are present in the nude mouse lesions.
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PMID:Rhabdoid tumors of the kidney contain mesenchymal specific and epithelial specific intermediate filament proteins. 619 60

The value of the superparamagnetic contrast medium AMI-25 and its clinical acceptability was investigated in a phase-III-multicenter study. 18 patients with primary and secondary hepatic tumours were studied using T2- and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences, FATSAT sequences and FLASH-2-D-breathold sequences, both before and after intravenous application of AMI-25 (0.2 mmol GE/ml 15 mmol/kg KG in 100 ml 5% glucose infusion), using a 1.5 Tesla MRT (Magnetom 63 SP, Siemens). In 6 patients the MRT findings could be correlated with in vitro results within 30 minutes following surgical resection. In 8 patients a diagnosis of metastases was made. Amongst patients with primary liver tumours (FNH 6 cases, HCC 3 cases, adenomatosis 1 case) 3 of the 10 patients showed more lesions following the injection of contrast; similarly, in 4 patients of the 8 with secondary tumours contrast increased the number of visible lesions. The absence of contrast enhancement separated primary from secondary lesions. Amongst the patients with secondary liver tumours, in vitro correlation always showed more tumours than had been visualised whereas there was exact in vivo/in vitro correlation amongst patients with primary liver tumours.
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PMID:[The value of the liver-specific superparamagnetic contrast medium AMI-25 for the detection and differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors versus metastases]. 816 44

A malignant tumour was implanted in the livers of 205 rats in the context of an experimental MRT project. The implantation technique of the Novikoff hepatoma is described. Within 10 days of implantation a solitary one-centimetre intrahepatic tumour develops; it is a hypovascular tumour with an invasive periphery and central tumour necrosis. The tumour model is distinguished by a high success rate of 91.1% and is suitable for experimental MRT studies of liver tumours.
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PMID:[A liver tumor model in the rat suitable for experimental MRT]. 847 73

We report on our 2-year experience with intraarterial liver therapy with I-131-Lipiodol in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Germany. 30 therapies with intraarterial delivery of I-131-labeled Lipiodol were performed in 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with or without portal vein thrombosis during hepatic angiography. The patients were monitored for 1) distribution of Lipiodol by CT, 2) distribution of applied activity by planar scintigraphy and SPECT, and 3) tumor response by CT, MRT and 18-FDG-PET. In 5 patients the tumor size was reduced after the first treatment (responder). Eight patients, primarily with big tumors (> 7 cm), had stable (4) or progressive disease (4), and 1 patient died because of renal failure. CT and SPECT showed pronounced I-131-lipiodol accumulation in the tumor tissue in all patients with variable distribution patterns. One patient had an acute pancreatitis like syndrome together with elevation of liver enzymes, probably due to arterial spasm. 9 patients had transient and mild symptoms in the upper abdomen, fever to 40 degrees C, and a leukocytosis. Two patients had a transient mild elevation of pancreatic enzymes. All patients had a transient rise in liver enzymes. In conclusion, therapeutic efficacy was dependent on the tumor mass. Side effects due to the radiopharmaceutical were tolerable, and other side effects may result from the angiography procedure related manipulations. These results are encouraging for tumors up to a moderate mass.
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PMID:Intraarterial HCC therapy with I-131-Lipiodol. 1074 Jun 54

A Phase I trial of irinotecan was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and the incidence and severity of other toxicities in children with refractory solid tumors. Thirty-five children received 146 courses of irinotecan administered as a 60-min i.v. infusion, daily for 5 days, every 21 days, after premedication with dexamethasone and ondansetron. Doses ranged from 30 mg/m2 to 65 mg/m2. An MTD was defined in heavily pretreated and less-heavily pretreated (i.e., two prior chemotherapy regimens, no prior bone marrow transplantation, and no radiation to the spine, skull, ribs, or pelvic bones) patients. Myelosuppression was the primary DLT in heavily pretreated patients, and diarrhea was the DLT in less-heavily pretreated patients. The MTD in the heavily pretreated patient group was 39 mg/m2, and the MTD in the less-heavily pretreated patients was 50 mg/m2. Non-dose-limiting diarrhea that was well controlled and of brief duration was observed in approximately 75% of patients. A partial response was observed in one patient with neuroblastoma, and in one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Stable disease (4-20 cycles) was observed in seven patients with a variety of malignancies including neuroblastoma, pineoblastoma, glioblastoma, brainstem glioma, osteosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, and a central nervous system rhabdoid tumor. In conclusion, the recommended Phase II dose of irinotecan administered as a 60-min i.v. infusion daily for 5 days, every 21 days, is 39 mg/m2 in heavily treated and 50 mg/m2 in less-heavily treated children with solid tumors.
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PMID:A phase I study of irinotecan in pediatric patients: a pediatric oncology group study. 1120 14

Ultrasound is unquestionably of great importance in the diagnosis of liver diseases due to the technical improvements of the last years. Indications for an ultrasound examination are the primary diagnosis of chronic liver disease and the screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. Apart from the diagnosis of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis a portal vein thrombosis should be detected or excluded in cases of new or refractory ascites. The Budd-Chiari syndrome is another rare but important indication. There is a considerable improvement in the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions especially due to contrast-enhanced sonography. Using phase-inversion harmonic sonography it is possible to detect tumor vascularity in a very sensitive manner. The accuracy of contrast-enhanced sonography is comparable with helical-CT or MRT, and contrast-enhanced sonography is very useful in the evaluation of response to ablation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Value of ultrasound and doppler sonography in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. 1590 Aug 27

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is characterized by a non-cirrhotic micronodular transformation of the liver parenchyma. It is based on the obliteration of small portal veins. Macroregenerative nodules (MRN) develop in areas of favourable blood flow in otherwise hypoperfused liver tissue. Hypoperfusion is caused by obliteration of liver veins and/or large portal veins with the subsequent atrophy or extinction of parenchyma. The hyperperfused and sometimes rapidly growing MRN might simulate a malignant tumor in CT and MRT. Morphologically, MRN resemble FNH. In contrast to hepatocellular adenoma, they show a more or less nodular architecture with fibrous septa and ductular structures. NRH and cases of MRN without cirrhosis can indicate an extrahepatic/systemic disease causing altered liver perfusion. MRN in liver cirrhosis must be differentiated from dysplastic nodules and highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma by cytological and microarchitectural criteria. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) can imitate liver cirrhosis, steatohepatitis, cholangitis or chronic hepatitis, if biopsy material does not include normal perilesional liver tissue. Telangiectatic FNH might resemble classic hepatocellular adenoma. Neoductular structures and septation argue for this rare subtype of FNH. Neoductular transformation of hypoperfused liver parenchyma might imitate cholangioma or cholangiocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Nodular lesions of liver parenchyma caused by pathological vascularisation/perfusion]. 1677 11

Paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanocapsules (PX-LNC) exhibit interesting in vitro characteristics with improved antitumoral activity compared with free PX formulation. Biodistribution studies were realized with the use of (14)C-trimyristin ((14)C-TM) or (14)C-phosphatidylcholine ((14)C-PC) whereas antitumoral activity of PX-LNC formulations was based on the animal survival in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in Wistar rats. Blood concentration-time profiles for both labeled (14)C-TM-LNC and (14)C-PC-LNC were similar; the t(1/2) and MRT values (over 2h and close to 3h, respectively, for both formulations) indicated the long circulating properties of the LNC carrier with a slow distribution and elimination phase. Survival curves of paclitaxel treated groups showed a statistical significant difference compared to the control survival curve (P=0.0036 and 0.0408). Animals treated with 4x 70 mg/m(2) of PX-LNC showed the most significant increase in mean survival times compared to the controls (IST(mean) 72%) and cases of long-term survivors were preferentially observed in the PX-LNC treated group (37.5%; 3/8). These results demonstrate the great interest to use LNC as drug delivery system for paclitaxel, permitting with an equivalent therapeutic efficiency to avoid the use of excipients such as polyoxyethylated castor oil for its formulation.
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PMID:In vivo evaluation of lipid nanocapsules as a promising colloidal carrier for paclitaxel. 1764 66


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