Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of 227 cases of hepatoblastoma, hepatic cell carcinoma in children seen in the United States over a 10-yr period is presented. Both tumors were seen most commonly in infancy, but the hepatocellular carcinoma shows a second peak of incidence around puberty. Males predominated in both diseases more so in hepatoblastoma. Presenting symptoms in both diseases were very similar, most commonly an upper abdominal mass or abdominal enlargement associated with anorexia and weight loss. In the preoperative evaluation the presence of alpha-feto protein was one of the most helpful diagnostic tests. Disturbances of liver function were usually mild but were more marked in those children with hepatocellular carcinoma. Preoperative x-rays were abnormal in a large percentage of cases with the hepatic arteriogram and vena cavagram being the most useful diagnostic x-rays for liver tumors. Liver scans were positive for liver tumor in 95% of the children when this test was carried out. The follow-up for these patients ranged from 2 to 10 yr. The size of the primary tumor did not appear to correlate with survival but bilateral location of the tumor, 33% in hepatoblastoma and 45% in hepatocellular carcinoma, made many of these tumors inoperable. Multicentric tumors were also found in a large number of patients, being more common in hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a high rate of local recurrence or local extension after operation in both diseases, and metastatic spread was similar being most common to the lungs and abdomen. A wide variety of surgical procedures were carried out in these patients from biopsy only to extended hepatic lobectomy. When incomplete excision or biopsy only was carried out no patient survived in either group. Among the hepatoblastoma patients, 45 of 78 patients who had complete excision are surviving. In the hepatocellular carcinoma patients where the operability rate was much lower 12 of 33 patients are surviving when tumor was completely excised. Complications were frequent, the most common being excessive blood loss at operation. There were eight operative deaths and 17 postoperative deaths in the combined group. There was no evidence that radiation therapy or chemotherapy controlled disease which could not be completely excised surgically. The only direct evidence of a favorable effect of radiation and chemotherapy were three cases of hepatoblastoma in which the tumor changed from inoperable to operable by a combination of radiation therapy and multiple drug chemotherapy. Both tumors are highly malignant, and 90% of the children who died of hepatoblastoma died within 12 mo of diagnosis. In the hepatocellular carcinoma 80% of the deaths occurred within 1 yr of diagnosis. At this time it seems that operative excision offers the only chance of cure in children with these tumors and cure rates of 60% can be expected with hepatoblastoma and 33% in hepatocellular carcinoma if the tumor can be completely excised.
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PMID:Liver tumors in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey--1974. 4 16

Alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) is an alpha1-glycoprotein which can be found in high concentration during fetal development in many mammals, birds, sharks and, also, man. The alpha-fetoproteins of various species have similar physico-chemical properties and often common antigenic determinants. Differences of microheterogeneity depend on a different content of sialin-acid. During human fetal development the serum AFP concentration falls with increasing gestational age. 4-5 weeks after birth AFP can be detected usually in low serum concentrations. Using more sensitive immunulogic techniques e.g. radioimmunoassay there was shown that AFP is present in sera of normal adults in concentrations of 10-20 ng/ml. AFP serum concentrations rise physiologically during pregnancy up to 500-550 ng/ml. During fetal development liver, yolk sac and gastrointestinal tract are the major sites of synthesis. In primary liver cell carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and in teratoblastoma containing yolk sac tissue AFP synthesis rises in tumor cells; the AFP serum concentration increases above 2 microgram/ml. In patients with benign liver diseases e.g. virus hepatitis, a transient rise of AFP serum concentrations was seen. Moreover, increased levels of AFP were found in hereditary diseases e.g. congenital tyrosinemia, ataxia-telangiectasia and in the amniotic fluid in congenital nephrosis of Finnish type. AFP assay in serum is clinically important for the control of course and treatment of primary liver cell carcinoma and teratoblastoma. AFP assay in amniotic fluid is a method for the prenatal detection of neural tube defects and the fetal distress syndrome, especially.
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PMID:[Alpha1-fetoprotein: physiology, pathology and diagnosis especially in childhood (author's transl)]. 7 May 46

In 1970, a staging based on surgical resectability of hepatic tumors was devised. Adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide has been given to seven recent cases. Objectives of this study were to set up unified clinical staging and followup; to evaluate the effect of combination chemotherapy on survival in advanced disease; and to evaluate early adjunctive combination chemotherapy in surgically resectable lesions to, hopefully, prevent metastasis. Results to date in seven patients are: no change in the poor prognosis of the three female patients presenting with Stage III-IV hepatocellular carcinoma; the three males with Stage I-II hepatoblastoma have done well and survive the free of disease at 47 months, 44 months, and 28 months; one patient with hepatoblastoma had lung metastasis at diagnosis and died at 7 months with tumor. No toxicity was noted with the use of adjunctive combination chemotherapy following major hepatic resection.
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PMID:A multiple chemotherapeutic approach to the management of hepatoblastoma. A preliminary report. 16 73

Fundamental examination was carried out on the liberation of single cells from hepatoma cells in culture. dRLa-74 cells derived from rat hepatoma, which hardly disperse as single cell suspensions with several proteolytic enzymes or EDTA alone, dispersed with a high yield of single cells by the combination of trypsin and EDTA. HUH-6 cells derived from human hepatoblastoma also showed similar results. The degree of cell dissociation by the combination was dependent on the incubation temperature or pH.
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PMID:Preparation of single cell suspensions from hepatoma cells in culture. 16 72

Since 1973 more than 100 cases of benign liver tumors occuring in association with oral contraceptive (OC) use have been reported. These tumors have varied in histologic appearance. Recent reports have identified 5 women with hepatocellular carcinoma nad 1 with hepatoblastoma occurring in association with use of systemic contraceptives. Before 1960 these tumors were rare. There are probably a larger number of unrecognized cases as many patients with these tumors have been asymptomatic. A significant difference in duration of OC use by patients and controls has been noted (p more than .01). The mean duration of OC use of 6 years before clinical appearance of liver cell adrenomas has been determined. The number of women entering the high-risk group for formation of liver cell adenomas may increase in the future. Unresectable tumors have been observed to decrease in size when OCs habe been discontinued and such tumors have recurred in patients in whom OC use was continued after resection. Other factors may also be important. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) has instituted an epidemiologic survey that will review cases of hepatocellular tumors occurring in young women. Physicians may refer documented cases to Dr. Kamal G. Ishak at AFIP in Washington, D.C. A national registry for these tumors is recommended to establish the magnitude of the problem. Basic research into the effects of OCs on liver structure is needed. Funding agencies are urged to cooperate.
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PMID:Editorial: Systemic contraceptives and liver tumors. 18 Aug 59

In 9 years in Kenya, 34 examples of primary liver cancer wer diagnosed in patients in the first two decades of life. This represents 4.7% of all liver cancers during this period. The larger proportion (29) were hepatocellular carcinoma. In the second decade, there was a notable association with macronodular cirrhosis. Analogy with experimental work suggests that cells in mitotic cycle may be more vulnerable to the effect of environmental carcinogens. Five examples of hepatoblastoma were identified at ages from 2 months to 14 years; none showed the features of "mixed" tumours. The ratio of hepatoblastoma to hepatocellular carcinoma was the reverse of that found in other large series of juvenile hepatic tumours. The histopathological features of these tumours are described and problems of their classification are discussed.
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PMID:Primary cancer of the liver in Kenyan children. 20 98

Sequential angiographic studies were done in six children to stage and assess the results of radiation and/or chemotherapy of solid abdominal malignancies: one bilateral Wilms' tumor, two neuroblastomas, two hepatoblastomas and one hepatocarcinoma. Angiography was of value in demonstrating the tumor, its location, extent and vascular characteristics, as well as its regression and recurrence. Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma responded and well to radiation and chemotherapy with substantial decrease in tumor size and regression or disappearance of tumor neovasculature. Resceted tumors revealed this to be due to tumor necrosis, hemorrhage and/or cystic degeneration. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocarcinoma did not respond as well to chemotherapy, with only mild decrease in size and neovasculature of the tumor.
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PMID:Contribution of angiography to the diagnosis, staging and assessment of radiation and chemotherapy of solid abdominal malignancies in children. 20 6

A case of hepatoblastoma in a 16-month-old Black child is described and the classification of hepatoblastoma is reviewed. Early diagnosis is important, since the prognosis is more favourable in hepatoblastoma than in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatoblastoma. A case report. 21 26

Eleven children, ranging in age from three months to fifteen years, with primary liver tumors were examined by large volume direct magnification arteriography (2.5--3 ml of contrast material per 1 kg body weight for a single selective study). The following tumors were found: hepatoblastoma (1), hepatocellular carcinoma of the adult type, hepatoma (3), infantile hemangioendothelioma (4), hemangiosarcoma (1), focal nodular hyperplasia (1) and cystic mesenchymal hamartoma (1). Some of the tumors have a quite typical angiographic appearance as infantile hemangioendothelioma, hemangiosarcoma, cystic mesenchymal hamartoma. The other highly vascular neoplasms show unspecific signs of vascular malignant tumors; subtile angiographic signs may, however, be present and help in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary liver tumors in the pediatric age group: an angiographic challenge. 22 Jan 63

The ultrastructural characteristics of fetal liver, two hepatoblastomas and two hepatocellular carcinomas were compared. Tumor cells of hepatoblastoma disclosed monotonous nuclei, poorly-developed cytoplasmic membrane system, abundant free ribosomes and prominent glycogen granules. Thos of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed comparatively pleomorphic nuclei, well-developed cytoplasmic membrane system, a few free ribosomes and numerous glycogen granules. Fetal liver showed monotonous nuclei, well-developed RER abundant free ribosomes and prominent glycogen granules. Young mesenchymal cells with well-developed RER and continuous basal lamina surrounding the epithelial cells were detected in both cases of hepatoblastoma but not in those of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor cells of hepatoblastoma in a case showed intramitochondrial crystalloids and thick bundles of fibrils in the cytoplasm.
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PMID:Ultrastructural comparison of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. 22 38


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