Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ascitic fluid concentrations of fibronectin, cholesterol and protein were determined in 95 patients: 38 with cirrhosis of the liver, 10 with miscellaneous nonmalignant diseases, 43 with peritoneal carcinomatosis and 4 with liver metastases or hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibronectin, cholesterol and protein at discrimination values of 7.5 mg/100 ml, 45 mg/100 ml and 3.0 g/100 ml, respectively, separated patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from patients with cirrhosis with an efficiency of 94%, 90% and 85%, respectively. Thus, ascitic fluid determinations of fibronectin and cholesterol offer good discrimination of cirrhotic ascites from ascites related to peritoneal carcinomatosis, superior to the conventional protein determination. However, the failure of all parameters to distinguish ascites caused by miscellaneous nonmalignant diseases from malignancy-related ascites underscores the importance of highly specific methods to confirm a suspected diagnosis of malignancy-related ascites.
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PMID:Ascitic fluid concentrations of fibronectin and cholesterol: comparison of differential diagnostic value with the conventional protein determination. 238 56

600 laparoscopic examinations were performed in an Internal Medicine Department of the general Hospital Dakar (Senegal) from 1984 to 1989 in 402 males and 198 females aged from 7 to 82 years. This examination of simple and quick procedure well tolerated under simple premedication, should be performed only after diffusion of the pneumoperitoneum, per- foration being the major risk. Even if liver cell carcinoma and cirrhosis represent more than an half of the examined cases (52%) due to their high frequency, exploration of peritoneal pathology is the best indication for laparoscopy. Thanks to laparoscopy, 68 tuberculosis, 28 peritoneal carcinomatosis and 11 infectious peri-hepatitis were diagnosed. It remains a major examination perfectly adapted to studies of the so-frequent hepato-peritoneal pathology in Black Africa]
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PMID:[The value of laparoscopy. Results of 600 studies performed in an internal medicine department at the General Hospital of Dakar]. 256 Jan 5

The sonographic and computed tomographic features of liver involvement with hepatocellular carcinoma are well known. The extrahepatic manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma are not uncommon, but have received little attention in the radiologic literature. We present a case in which intraperitoneal carcinomatosis and portal vein thrombosis were the dominant findings on sonography and computed tomography.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal hepatocellular carcinomatosis. 299 Aug 16

A prospective study identified 45 patients with malignancy-related ascites among 448 ascites patients (10% of the total). Patients were categorized into five subgroups based on the pathophysiology of ascites formation. Each subgroup had a distinctive ascitic fluid analysis. Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis but without massive liver metastases (53.3% of the patients with malignancy-related ascites) had a uniformly positive ascitic fluid cytology, high ascitic fluid protein concentration and low serum-ascites albumin gradient. Patients with massive liver metastases and no other cause for ascites formation (13.3% of the series) had a negative cytology, low ascitic fluid protein concentration, high serum-ascites albumin gradient and markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Those with peritoneal carcinomatosis and massive liver metastases (13.3% of the series) had a nearly uniformly positive ascitic fluid cytology, variable protein concentration, high serum-ascites albumin gradient and markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Chylous ascites (6.7%) was characterized by a milky appearance, negative cytology and an elevated ascitic fluid triglyceride concentration. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma superimposed on cirrhosis (13.3%) had negative ascitic fluid cytology, low ascitic fluid protein concentration, high serum-ascites albumin gradient and elevated serum and ascitic fluid alpha-fetoprotein concentration. Two-thirds of patients with malignancy-related ascites had peritoneal carcinomatosis; 96.7% of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis had positive ascitic fluid cytology. Ascitic fluid analysis is helpful in identifying and distinguishing the subgroups of malignancy-related ascites.
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PMID:Ascitic fluid analysis in malignancy-related ascites. 341 31

The most common extrahepatic metastasis of primary carcinoma of the liver is pulmonary metastasis. The discrepancy in the incidence of metastasis between clinical and postmortem series is quite obvious. The rapidly fatal course of hepatoma, the limitations of the chest x-ray film in detecting the small implantation, and incomplete follow-up of patients lead to the lower incidence in clinical series. From January 1974 to December 1982, there were 470 cases of primary carcinoma of the liver at Taipei Municipal Jen-Ai Hospital. Among them, we found 439 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 31 cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma. We also found 50 cases (11 percent) of hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis and ten cases (2 percent) of hepatocellular carcinoma with bone metastasis. Seven of the ten cases of bone metastasis were intrathoracic. Additionally, we found that it was rare to have pulmonary metastasis in cholangiocellular carcinoma; it only occurred once. Hematogenous and lymphatic spread and direct invasion are the principal ways for metastasis in primary hepatoma. Multiple nodulation and pleural effusion are the main manifestations in the chest x-ray film. Additionally, we saw lymphangitic carcinomatosis and miliary lesions in some of our patients. The common characteristic of these metastases is that most of the lesions arise from or are prominent in the right lower pulmonary field. Osteolysis appears in the patients with bone metastasis. Most of the metastases form a big protruding mass of tumor.
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PMID:Thoracic roentgenologic manifestations in primary carcinoma of the liver. 608 78

Ovarian germ cell tumors are reviewed with emphasis on recent developments. In the primitive germ cell tumor group the recently recognized subtypes of yolk sac tumor, the hepatoid and glandular variants are described. Hepatoid tumors, which resemble hepatocellular carcinomas, are usually admixed with other patterns of yolk sac neoplasia but when the hepatoid component predominates, distinction from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma may be difficult. Glandular yolk sac tumors include those with a cribriform pattern as well as tumors that may be confused with endometrioid carcinoma. Within the teratoma category, a recent paper exploring the occasional relation between immature teratomas and dermoid cysts is reviewed. Problems caused by some of the monodermal teratomas are also highlighted. Struma ovarii may be the source of many diagnostic problems. It may be cystic and microscopic examination may reveal inconspicuous numbers of clearly recognizable thyroid follicles, resulting in confusion with other cystic ovarian tumors. In noncystic strumas many patterns, such as solid or pseudotubular, may be seen and the presence of cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm may add to the diagnostic difficulty, particularly if other teratomatous elements are lacking. Immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin may be crucial in establishing the diagnosis of a struma in these situations. The problem of identifying reliable criteria for malignancy of struma ovarii is explored on the basis of recent information. The two most recently recognized subtypes of carcinoid tumor, strumal and mucinous, are reviewed as are primary neuroectodermal and sebaceous tumors of the ovary. Unusual clinical features of germ cell tumors are discussed under three main categories: endocrine syndromes, paraendocrine and paraneoplastic syndromes, and miscellaneous. Included in these categories are disorders such as sexual precocity in association with germ cell tumors containing syncytiotrophoblast cells, endocrine abnormalities associated with the recently described functioning ovarian tumors with peripheral steroid cell proliferation, hyperthyroidism with struma ovarii, the carcinoid syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with dermoid cysts, complications of dermoid cyst rupture, which may simulate disseminated carcinomatosis, and ascites and Meigs' syndrome associated with struma ovarii.
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PMID:New and unusual aspects of ovarian germ cell tumors. 769 12

SMANCS is the first commercially available polymer conjugated drug invented by the author, in which the protein antitumor agent neocarzinostatin is conjugated with two short chains of poly(styrene-comaleic acid) half-butylate. It exhibits the highest tumor/blood ratio (> 1,000) when injected arterially as an oily formulation in Lipiodol (SMANCS/Lipiodol). In addition, SMANCS/Lipiodol can give very high tumor contrasting image under X-ray (e.g., CT-scan), and thus the optimal dosing regimen can be determined and offers a diagnostic advantage. Phase I/II study of SMANCS was initiated in 1989 and it was approved by the Japanese Government in the fall of 1993 for the treatment of hepatoma. Exploitation of its application for other tumors such as renal cell cancer and pleural/ascitic carcinomatosis is anticipated. The response rate of Grad IV Lipiodol retention is 48.5% at 4 months; and those of 6 and 12 months are 50% and 90%, respectively. The major side effect is fever, which is only transitory, and no bone-marrow suppression, renal or hepatic toxicity were observed.
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PMID:[SMANCS/lipiodol]. 818 54

A large number of ascitic fluid tests, e.g., fibronectin and cholesterol, have been proposed as helpful in detecting malignancy as the cause of ascites. Unfortunately, these "humoral tests of malignancy" are nonspecific. Although the ascitic fluid concentrations of these proteins or protein-bound substances tend to be quite high in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and low in the setting of cirrhotic ascites, the problem is that patients with tuberculous peritonitis, cardiac ascites, pancreatitis ascites, etc. usually have values in the malignancy range, i.e., false-positive results. This can lead to an extensive search for a nonexistent tumor, with confusion and anxiety for patient and physician. The cytology is the single best test to order when peritoneal carcinomatosis is suspected; its sensitivity approaches 100%. However, peritoneal carcinomatosis is only one of several mechanisms by which tumors can cause ascites. No one test can be expected to detect tumors as the cause of these diverse mechanisms of ascites formation. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is a helpful test in classifying ascitic fluid specimens into portal-hypertension-related and non-portal-hypertension-related categories. An elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein test can be useful in raising suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Careful analysis of ascitic fluid, without measurement of "humoral tests of malignancy," combined with information obtained from the history and physical examination, usually lead to an accurate diagnosis of the cause of ascites.
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PMID:Malignancy-related ascites and ascitic fluid "humoral tests of malignancy". 818 30

To define patients with an ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count > or = 250 cells/mm3 or > or = 500 cells/mm3 but without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 166 patients with sterile cirrhotic ascites, 46 patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 123 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 67 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis or massive liver metastasis and 12 patients with other miscellaneous diseases were studied. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were 100, 86 and 88% with the cut-off value of an ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count > or = 250 cells/mm3; and were 93, 91 and 92% with that value > or = 500 cells/mm3, respectively. With the cut-off value > or = 250 cells/mm3 or > or = 500 cells/mm3, the prevalence was 18% or 14% in hepatocellular carcinoma; and 30% or 19% in peritoneal carcinomatosis or massive liver metastasis. The ascitic fluid lactate concentration was insensitive and nonspecific. Among the patients with an ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count greater than the cut-off values, an ascitic fluid erythrocyte count > or = 10,000 cells/mm3, a ratio of ascitic fluid erythrocyte to total leukocyte count > or = 100, and the ratio of ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell to total leukocyte count < or = 75% indicated hepatocellular carcinoma, while serum to ascites albumin gradient < or = 1.1 g/dl and a ratio of ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell to total leukocyte count < or = 75% indicated peritoneal carcinomatosis or massive liver metastasis.
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PMID:Malignancy-related ascites: a diagnostic pitfall of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count. 820 Dec 26

The antitumor effects of indomethacin and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were studied in C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with MH134 hepatoma cells. Combined treatment with indomethacin and IL-2 augmented natural killer (NK) cells in mice with MH134-induced peritoneal carcinomatosis, and the survival of the treated mice was significantly longer than the non-treated mice. In animals with subcutaneous MH134 tumors, the combined therapy with indomethacin and IL-2 significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced complete regression of the tumor in three out of five mice. These results suggest that indomethacin and IL-2 therapy could be effective on human gastrointestinal cancer cells as well.
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PMID:Combined therapy with interleukin 2 and indomethacin in mice inoculated with MH134 hepatoma. 858 94


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