Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases of spontaneous acute hemoperitoneum due to rupture of a liver tumor are presented. The resulting acute abdomen was the first manifestation of the neoplasia. The four tumors corresponded histopathologically to a cavernous hemangioma, a bening adenoma related to anabolizing androgens, and two hepatocarcinomas in cirrhotic livers. All of the patients presented abdominal pain and shock, the characteristics of which are described in this report. One of the patients died due to cardiac arrest before surgical treatment. Emergency surgery was performed on the other three, consisting of left hepatic lobectomy and ligature of the hepatic artery for the hemengioma, and segmented hepatectomy for the adenoma and the hepatocarcinoma. Only the patient with benign tumor survived. Lastly, the authors review the literature, commenting on the clinical, physiopathologic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects.
 ...
PMID:[Acute abdomen due to hemoperitoneum as the first manifestation of a liver tumor. Report of four cases (author's transl)]. 21 4

Characteristics and advantages of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in the diagnosis of cancer are represented using hepatic diseases as examples. MRI can detect as small as 10 mm lesion of hepatic tumor (less than 5 mm in favorite conditions) despite far longer acquisition time compared with CT. Although the prolongation of T1 (longitudinal relaxation time) and T2 (transverse relaxation time) is generally noted in cancer, the liver is the sole organ where in vivo measurement of T2 makes it possible to differentiate primary malignant tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma) from the most common benign tumor (cavernous hemangioma). Gd-DTPA, the clinically used contrast material on MRI, is as useful as iodine contrast material on dynamic CT for differentiation among hepatic tumors, and is safely administered in larger dose. Proton spectroscopic imaging can distinguish the signals of proton from water and fat, and can detect the presence of fat more specifically. Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging is a new technique to demonstrate diffusion (Brownish movement) and perfusion (blood flow in capillary) in the voxel as image, and has possibility to reveal the vascularity of tumor without contrast material. MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) has been obtainable in vivo under the guidance of proton MRI. The pattern of 31P-MRS is essentially nonspecific but phosphorous compounds rapidly change in proportion after effective treatment against cancer. Therefore, 31P-MRS is useful in the early and noninvasive evaluation of anticancer treatment. Finally the so-called Fossel effect (widths of methyl and methylene of lipoprotein on 1H-MRS of plasma becomes narrow in patients with cancer) and critical paper against Fossel are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[MRI and MRS in the diagnosis of cancer]. 253 87

All cases of liver tumor referred to the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia during 2.5 years were reviewed. Hepatocellular carcinoma, 104 cases, was considerably more common than metastatic carcinoma with unknown primary, 15 cases. Lymphoma presenting as liver tumor occurred in three cases and there were no cases of cholangiocarcinoma. There were only two cases of benign tumor, both hemangioma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized by a male predominance of 6:1, positive hepatitis B surface antigen in 60%, presentation with an enlarged, hard liver in over 90%, a systolic-diastolic bruit over the mass in 45%, a single highly echogenic lesion in the right lobe on ultrasound in 80%, and rapid progression. The serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase, serumglutamic oxalacetic transaminase [SGOT]) was abnormal in 97% and was higher than the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 93% of cases compared with 17% in 100 consecutive cases of chronic active hepatitis. Sixty-six percent of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had serum AFP greater than 200 ng/ml. Excluding five cases of germ cell tumor (none involving the liver), and pregnant patients, serum AFP was less than 200 ng/ml in all other patients in whom it was measured between 1979 and 1981. A practical approach to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is outlined. Biopsy does not appear to be indicated in many cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic tumors in Saudi Arabia. A practical approach to diagnosis. 257 17

Arterioportal shunting is observed angiographically in a wide variety of pathologic conditions. The route of flow has classically been considered to be via the hepatic sinusoids (transsinusoidal). This route occurs in cases of cirrhosis or the Budd-Chiari syndrome, and results in retrograde hepatofugal flow in portal branches. More recently, a transvasal route has been recognized angiographically, in which portal flow often remains hepatopetal. The transvasal route occurs in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, metastases, shock, hepatic arterial obstruction, and many other conditions. Histologic confirmation of this route has been sought for many years, with other partial success. Nevertheless, angiographic evidence, as presented here, is sufficiently compelling to justify description of this pathway and its significance. Arterioportal flow may also occur via a post-traumatic fistula (disruption of adjacent portions of hepatic artery and portal vein), and via benign tumor vessels in hemangioma or hemangioendothelioma.
 ...
PMID:Arterioportal communications: observations and hypotheses concerning transsinusoidal and transvasal types. 706 71

Up to now, liver resections have been the initial treatment of almost all cancers and benign tumors limited to a liver lobe. This retrospective review assesses the results of a consecutive series of 113 major elective hepatic resections during a ten-year period. Major hepatectomy was defined by the resection of at least 3 Couinaud segments. Mean age was 52 years (20 to 79 years). There were 62 women and 51 men. 35 resections were performed for colorectal metastases, 22 for a benign tumor, 20 for non-colorectal metastases, 11 for hydatid disease, 10 for hepatocarcinoma, 7 for cholangiocarcinoma and 8 for other indications. The resections performed were 86 right hepatectomies with 18 extended right hepatectomies, 24 left hepatectomies with 4 extended left hepatectomies and 3 trisegmentectomies. Total vascular exclusion was used in 22 patients (19%). Mortality rate was zero. Significant morbidity was encountered in 24 patients (21%). These results suggest that the mortality rate may be independent of the extent of liver resection, provided that hepatic function is normal and preoperative selection adequate. With improving surgical management and techniques, and the use of intra-operative sonography, extensive liver surgery can now be performed with a very low mortality rate.
 ...
PMID:[Risk in major hepatectomy. A consecutive series of 113 extensive hepatectomies]. 748 39

94 children with a primary liver neoplasm were registered in the Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study HB-89 of the GPOH from 1988 to 1992. 64 of these had a hepatoblastoma (HB), 12 a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 2 a sarcoma and 16 a benign tumor. 51 (80%) patients with an HB were 6 to 36 months of age, 9 with an HCC above 10 years. Initial serum-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated in 51 HB patients and exceeded the 3-fold of normal range in 45. Children with low (< 100 ng/ml) and very high (> 1,000,000 ng/ml) levels had a significantly worse prognosis than those with intermediate values (p = 0.0014). AFP was moderately elevated in 9 HCC patients. All other tumor markers were only irregularly above normal range. 48 (77%) of HB patients survived, 45 (73%) are tumor free. All of 18 stage I and 4/5 stage II patients are in remission. After chemotherapy 30/36 stage III HBs and 2/5 stage IV HBs could be resected, 9 of these patients suffered from tumor relapse. Disease-free survival was 100% for stage I, 80% for stage II, 68% for stage III and zero for stage IV HB (p = 0.0005). Surgical complications occurred after 8% of biopsies, 13% of limited primary resections and 25% of extended secondary resections. There was no perioperative death. The completeness of tumor resection at primary or delayed surgery correlated significantly with patients disease-free survival (p < 0.0001). Chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin and adriamycin was effective in HB. 203 courses were given in 61 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Results of the HB-89 Study in treatment of malignant epithelial liver tumors in childhood and concept of a new HB-94 protocol]. 752 28

Hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver, but there are a few reports on chronological changes in size of hepatic hemangioma. To elucidate natural history of hepatic hemangioma, we evaluated consecutive ultrasonograms of 27 hemangiomas in 23 patients. Underlying liver disease in these 23 patients included seven cases with chronic hepatitis, five cases with liver cirrhosis and three cases with fatty liver. The remaining eight cases showed no evidence of liver disease. Follow-up period ranged 12 to 114 months (average 44). During the follow-up, six (22.2%) hemangiomas changed in size on US, which included three lesions with increase in size, one lesion with decrease in size and two lesions with spontaneous regression. Of 12 patients with chronic liver disease, only one patient showed significant change in the hemangioma size, which regressed spontaneously. These results showed that there was no case showing increase in size of hemangioma in patients with chronic liver disease. Thus, if clinically diagnosed hemangioma which tends to increase in size is detected on US or other imaging modalities in patients with chronic liver disease, aimed aspiration biopsy should be preferably performed considering the possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:[Follow-up study of hepatic hemangiomas]. 786 25

Hepatic angiomyolipoma was considered to be a rare benign tumor, but the number of cases has been increasing recently as imaging techniques improve. We describe a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma for which a definitive diagnosis could not be made on imagings and in which resection was performed. The patient had anti-HCV antibody and slight dysfunction of the liver. The tumor showed a heterogeneous high echo on ultrasonography and a low attenuation value of +32.6 Housfield Units, which was much higher than fat density, on plain computed tomography. Discrimination from hepatocellular carcinoma with fatty change was difficult preoperatively. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of spindle-shaped and epithelioid smooth muscles, adipose tissues and proliferating blood vessels and these histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma. The appearance of hepatic angiomyolipoma on imaging diagnosis varies widely due to the fact that the relative proportion of vessels, muscles and fats varies widely from tumor to tumor. The tumor in our case had relatively few fat components. We review 48 cases reported in Japan and discuss imaging diagnosis and surgical indications for tumors.
 ...
PMID:Angiomyolipoma of the liver--a case report and review of 48 cases reported in Japan. 1041 May 34

Hepatocellular adenoma is a benign tumor of the liver that has a small but not negligible risk of malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma. In analogy with the established role of oval cells in hepatocarcinogenesis in rodent models, human hepatic progenitor cells may have a function in the development of liver tumors. To investigate this issue, we performed immunohistochemistry on biopsies of 10 consecutively resected hepatocellular adenomas using markers for hepatic progenitor cells. Sections of paraffin-embedded and frozen biopsies were stained using antibodies against cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, and 19, chromogranin-A, OV-6, and neural cell adhesion molecule. Hepatic progenitor cells were observed in five of 10 hepatocellular adenomas. These five tumors also contained cells with an immunohistochemical phenotype intermediate between hepatic progenitor cells and hepatocytes. Hepatic progenitor cells and intermediate hepatocyte-like cells were scattered throughout the tumors with a density that varied from area to area. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of hepatic progenitor cells. Our study shows that hepatic progenitor cells are present in a considerable proportion of hepatocellular adenomas, supporting the hypothesis that human hepatic progenitor cells can play a role in the development of hepatocellular tumors.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic progenitor cells in hepatocellular adenomas. 1168 55

A bioassay of technical-grade picloram for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to Osborne-Mendel rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex were administered picloram in the diet at one of the following doses for 80 weeks. Time-weighted average doses for the rats were 7,437 or 14,875 ppm; those for the mice were 2,531 or 5,062 ppm. The rats were then observed for 33 weeks, the mice for 10 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 10 untreated rats or 10 untreated mice of each sex; pooled controls, used for statistical evaluation, consisted of the matched control groups combined with 33 untreated male and 30 untreated female rats or mice from similar bioassays of three other test chemicals. All surviving rats were killed at 113 weeks; all surviving mice were killed at 90 weeks. Survival was adequate for meaningful statistical analyses of the incidences of tumors in rats and mice of both sexes. Mean body weights of the high-dose rats were lower than those of matched controls during the first part of the study; however, beginning at approximately 80 weeks, mean weights of controls were lower than those of treated animals. Body weights of the mice were unaffected by the picloram. In rats, a relatively high incidence of follicular hyperplasia, C-cell hyperplasia, and C-cell adenoma of the thyroid occurred in both sexes. However, the statistical tests for adenoma did not show sufficient evidence for association of the tumor with picloram administration. An increased incidence of hepatic neoplastic nodules was observed in treated male and female rats as compared with untreated animals. This lesion is considered to be a benign tumor. In male rats the lesion appeared only in three animals of the low-dose treatment group and was not significant when compared with the controls; however, the test for positive dose-related trend in females was significant (pooled controls 0/39, low-dose 5/50, high-dose 7/49, P=0.016) and the incidence in the high-dose group was significant (P=0.014) when compared with that in the pooled-control group. There was also one hepatocellular carcinoma in a low-dose male rat and one in a high-dose female rat. In both males and females, there was a possibly treatment-related lesion of the liver diagnosed as foci of cellular alteration. The incidences of this latter lesion were, female rats: matched controls 1/10, low-dose 8/50, high-dose 18/49; male rats: matched controls 0/10, low-dose 12/49, high-dose 5/49. Thus, there is evidence that picloram affected the livers of rats of both sexes, but more particularly those of the females. No tumors were found in male or female mice or male rats at incidences that could be significantly associated with treatment, and it is concluded that picloram was not carcinogenic for B6C3F1 mice or male Osborne-Mendel rats. In female rats, however, the incidence of neoplastic nodules of the liver, benign tumors, was associated with treatment with picloram. It is concluded that under the conditions of the bioassay, the findings are suggestive of the ability of the compound to induce benign tumors in the livers of female Osborne-Mendel rats.
 ...
PMID:Bioassay of picloram for possible carcinogenicity. 1284 85


1 2 Next >>