Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 45-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed intravascular coagulation following complete tumor regression by chemotherapy is described. After 2 doses of 10 mg of Mitomycin C given into the hepatic artery at the time of selective angiography, and 16 intravenous doses of 5-fluorouracil and Mitomycin C, 2 doses per week, subjective symptoms and hepatomegaly disappeared. Alpha-fetoprotein became negative and a remarkable change in tumor size and vasculature was noted in the arteriogram. Three months after chemotherapy, the patient developed thrombocytopenia, intravascular hemolysis, and acute renal failure. Autopsy disclosed a 8 X 7 X 5 cm solitary, encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma in the right lobe. The tumor was surrounded by a thick capsule and completely necrotized. Neither intrahepatic invasion nor extrahepatic metastasis was observed. In the kidney, generalized fibrin thrombi were seen in the afferent arterioles of glomeruli as accounted for by intravascular coagulation.
 ...
PMID:Complete necrotization of hepatocellular carcinoma by chemotherapy and subsequent intravascular coagulation: a case report. 20 57

Neocarzinostatin is a protein antitumor antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces carzinostaticus var.F41. The drug has undergone extensive clinical trial in Japan, and has been reported active against a variety of human tumors. A phase I and preliminary phase II evaluation of the drug has been performed, using an iv bolus daily x 5 schedule. Ninety-six patients have been treated at doses from 500 to 2250 units/m2/day. Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals if allowed by bone marrow recovery. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosupppression, which occurred late (median nadir, Day 27). Myelosuppression was more pronounced in patients who had received previous chemotherapy. In nine patients (9%) thrombocytopenia was prolonged (greater than or equal to 45 days) or irreversible. Acute administration of the drug was associated with rigors in approximately half the patients. Gastrointestinal side effects were mild. Three patients had a severe acute reaction resembling anaphylaxis. The maximally tolerated dose for this dose schedule is approximately 2250 units/m2/day. Antitumor activity has been seen in hepatoma and hematologic malignancies. Activity in lung and colorectal carcinoma appears limited with this dose schedule.
 ...
PMID:Phase I and preliminary phase II study of neocarzinostatin. 22 Nov 12

Bajiaolian (Dysosma pleianthum), one species in the Mayapple family, has been widely used as a general remedy and for the treatment of snake bite, weakness, condyloma accuminata, lymphadenopathy and tumours in China for thousands of years. However, the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine mention little about the toxicity of Bajiaolian. Within 1 year, the authors saw five people who manifested nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, abnormal liver function tests, sensory ataxia, altered consciousness and persistant peripheral tingling or numbness after drinking infusions made with Bajiaolian. The herb was recommended by either traditional Chinese medical doctors or herbal pharmacies for postpartum recovery and treatment of a neck mass, hepatoma, lumbago and dysmenorrhoea. Podophyllotoxin is one of the main ingredients of the Bajiaolian root. The clinical manifestations observed in our patients were consistent with podophyllum intoxication. Podophyllotoxin intoxication usually results from the accidental ingestion or topical application of podophyllum resin. However, these cases of Bajiaolian intoxication were iatrogenic and results from 'therapeutic doses' of Bajiaolian cited in the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine.
 ...
PMID:Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. 136 Nov 36

Interferon alpha is the only available therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. With interferon alpha 3-15 MU thrice weekly or 5 MU daily during 3-6 months one-third of the patients achieve seroconversion of HBeAg and HBV-DNA together with normalization of aminotransferases and slight improvement of histology. Loss of HBsAg is reported in a minority of responders during treatment, but increases during follow-up. Patients with baseline alanine aminotransferase of at least twice the upper limit of normal and low HBV-DNA concentration achieve the best response rates. HIV-positive patients with low CD4 counts and Asians are poor responders. As side-effects influenza-like symptoms are experienced by almost all patients. Mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and decreased hairgrowth are frequently reported. Severe depression, depersonalization and psychosis are reported in a small number of patients but tend to be poorly recognized in some studies. The decision whether dose reduction is indicated seems strongly related to the opinion of the investigator. Although long-term effects on the occurrence of cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are not available yet, the achieved results are promising.
 ...
PMID:Current status of interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 143 94

A phase 1 study of etoposide for hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma was undertaken by single arterial infusion (9 cases; range of doses levels; step 1: 50 mg/m2, step 2: 75 mg/m2, step 3: 120 mg/m2). Mild leukopenia (2500/mm3 in step 2 and 2400/mm3 in step 3) was observed in 2 cases. Thrombocytopenia or anemia was not observed in these doses. Hypotension was experienced 2 hrs. after infusion in one case of step 2. The post-infusion plasma decay of etoposide was biphasic with t1/2 alpha ranging from 0.59 approximately 0.63 h and t1/2 beta ranging from 5.40 approximately 6.57 h. AUC0-24 increased in association with the increase of the doses. Hepatic artery infusion of etoposide was performed without serious complication and the dose limiting toxicity was leukopenia.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatic arterial infusion of etoposide in the treatment of primary liver neoplasms]. 215 86

Radiation tolerance of the partially irradiated liver was studied in eight patients with primary hepatoma treated by a multimodal approach. Seven patients were treated by transarterial embolization therapy (TAE) with Lipiodol-MMC, and two patients were treated by operation, combined with radiotherapy. Six patients had liver cirrhosis and the other one had renal dysfunction. Respiration-gated irradiation was employed to reduce a treatment volume for seven patients. Radiation portals were carefully tailored using the embolized Lipiodol or a metal clip inserted into the tumor as references. Two or three portals were used for each patient. The treatment volume ranged from 64 to 1400 cm3. The target dose ranged from 50.4 Gy to 81.0 Gy, from 73.5 to 108.6 in TDF. Liver function tests (GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP, ChE and total Bilirubin) were examined for 30 weeks after initiation of irradiation. Three patients showed abnormal value in more than 5 tests. Of these three patients, the hepatic hilum was included in the treatment volume in two, and the tumor progressed during the observation period in two. Leukopenia and thrombopenia were observed, but these values were not below 2000 and 40000/mm3, respectively, although the thrombocyte count before irradiation was below 100000/mm3 in 7 patients. AFP titers decreased after the treatment in six out of seven patients with abnormally elevated pretreatment titer. The survival period after staring irradiation was 6.5 to 25 months. "The volume dose" did not correlate well with the degree of the liver function aggravation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Radiation tolerance of partially irradiated liver in a multidisciplinary treatment for hepatoma]. 216 20

Immunotherapy with interleukin (IL)-2 possesses great potential in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases and cancers. However, only a few reports on a small number of children have appeared in the literature. From March 1988 to March 1989, 11 children and adolescents were treated with IL-2. They included 1 patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 with hepatoblastoma, 6 with childhood atopic dermatitis, and 3 with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The dosages ranged from 10,000 to 50,000 U/kg every 8 hours by intravenous drip. The following side effects were observed: anorexia, fever, and chillness (100%), general malaise (82%), irritability (64%), diarrhea (100%), nausea and vomiting (73%), weight gain (82%), edema (82%), abdominal distension (73%), oliguria (82%), cough (91%), dyspnea (27%), pleural effusion (40%), hypotension (82%), skin eruption (82%), oral ulcer (18%), enlarged liver (73%) liver function abnormalities (82%), renal function impairment (36%), electrolyte imbalance (73%), anemia (91%), thrombocytopenia (54%), leukopenia (18%), and eosinophilia (73%). Immunologically, numbers of natural killer cells were increased and natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activities were augmented after IL-2 treatment. There was a tendency for serum levels of IL-2 and receptor IL-2 to decrease, especially in patients with atopic eczema. Ten patients (91%) completed one course (9 to 12 days) of therapy, and the remaining patient interrupted the treatment because of intolerable adverse effects. Clinically, complete remission for 3 months was obtained in 1 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patient, transient improvement (2 to 6 weeks) in all atopic dermatitis patients, minor response in the hepatoblastoma patient, and no response in the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-2 immunotherapy in children. 217 36

Three patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, two brothers and one girl, studied at the age of 5, 12 and 15 years, respectively, had neither generalized hyperaminoaciduria, glucosuria nor clinical symptoms of rickets. Untreated the elder brother had only slightly elevated plasma tyrosine level (141 mumol/l, normal less than 80), and low excretion of p-hydroxyphenyllactate. He presented with pronounced thrombocytopenia (3 X 10(9)/l). At 13 years of age he contracted hepatocellular carcinoma. The younger brother presented with serum tyrosine of 318 mumol/l and thrombocyte count 48 X 10(9)/l. Succinylacetone in urine was elevated in both, 30 and 79 mumol/mmol creatinine, respectively. The female patient was investigated for hepatomegaly in infancy, atypical tyrosinemia being considered, but afterwards developed normally without diet or any other treatment until she contracted hepatoma at the age of 15 years. Her plasma tyrosine level was 600-700 mumol/l, and she excreted large amounts of p-hydroxyphenyllactate. Succinylacetone in urine was low but elevated (8 mumol/mmol creatinine). The fumarylacetoacetase activity in fibroblasts from the brothers and in lymphocytes from the girl was less than 5% and 10% of control levels, respectively. In conclusion, the chronic form of hereditary tyrosinemia may occur without evidence of renal tubular dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Hereditary tyrosinemia of chronic course without rickets and renal tubular dysfunction. 226 24

One hundred five patients with hepatoma were treated with iodine 131 antiferritin in three sequential protocols in phase 1-2 trials. Therapy began in all trials with external beam irradiation and chemotherapy. The dosimetric results with 131I antiferritin indicated that 30 mCi (8 to 10 mCi/mg immunoglobulin G [IgG]) was sufficient to saturate the tumor. Tumor-effective half-life of the radioactive antibody was 3 to 5 days and was dependent on the species of animal from which the antibody was derived. This led to a 30 mCi on day 0 and 20 mCi on day 5 treatment schedule. Toxicity was predominantly thrombocytopenia. Due to clinical remission, cyclic therapy was next developed with antibodies from different species of animals. Rabbit, pig, monkey, and bovine antibodies were determined to produce the longest tumor-effective half-life and therefore the highest dose of radiation. Integration of 15 mg doxorubicin and 500 mg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with 131I antiferritin was accomplished next. Remission to external beam radiation was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scan tumor volume computations that indicated that 22% of the patients had a partial remission (PR) from initial presentation to 1 month following external irradiation and chemotherapy. From the time of radioactive antibody administration, 48% of the patients (7% complete response [CR] and 41% PR) achieved remission to 131I antiferritin. Of 79 patients evaluated by CT scan tumor volumetrics 50% of the patients (7% CR and 43% PR) remitted to the entire treatment regimen. Patients not previously treated and without metastasis who were alpha fetoprotein positive (AFP+) had a 5-month median survival compared with AFP- median survival of 10 1/2 months. There were four CRs with one being 3 years and 6 months. The longest PR was 5 years and 8 months. These studies have demonstrated the toxicity and therapeutic activity of 131I antiferritin and the emerging role of radiolabelled antibody in cancer therapy.
 ...
PMID:Iodine 131 antiferritin, a new treatment modality in hepatoma: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study. 241 92

Sixteen unselected patients with non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma were treated in a phase I study with 261 cycles of D-galactosamine and 6-azauridine prior to 5-fluorouridine. Thirty % of the patients survived for more than one year without signs of tumor progression and with an unchanged performance status. The compatibility of this chemotherapeutical method was quite satisfactory. The only extrahepatic side effect was a leucopenia and/or thrombocytopenia which was reversible upon reduction of the 5-fluorouridine dose. The heterogeneity of the 16 patients treated to date does not allow a definite statistical evaluation of the reported clinical observations and results. A final decision about the clinical applicability of this concept of a selective chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma requires further experience.
 ...
PMID:First clinical experiences with a selective chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with 5-fluorouridine in combination with other antipyrimidines. 242 85


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>