Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper reports the study of liver cell dysplasia in cases of hepatic cirrhosis, cirrhosis associated to hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. The frequency of the lesion was higher in cases of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated (84.2%), compared to the other groups. The search for evidence of B virus infection (AgHbs) was positive in 72.7% of the cases with liver cell dysplasia. It is pointed out the relation of liver cell dysplasia, to hepatocellular carcinoma and B virus infection.
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PMID:[Hepatic cell dysplasia. A pre-malignant lesion related to hepatocellular carcinoma and infection by hepatitis B virus]. 284 24

The effects of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and adenine arabinoside on production of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles by the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 were examined. In addition, the effects of these drugs on cellular protein synthesis were determined. These drugs caused a dose-dependent decrease in HBsAg production that was paralleled by a decrease in cellular protein synthesis. Ketoconazole was the most active of these drugs and the most specific, causing a 72% reduction in HBsAg production with only a 38% reduction in protein synthesis. These data suggest that further studies evaluating ketoconazole for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in animals are warranted.
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PMID:Inhibition of in vitro HBsAg production by amphotericin B and ketoconazole. 299 97

Two hundred forty southern African black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and control subjects matched for race, sex, age, and urban or rural background were questioned about their smoking habits. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were not more likely to smoke or to smoke heavily than the control subjects. This was also true of the subgroups: men and women, and urban and rural background. There was a slightly increased relative risk associated with smoking in all patients who showed no serum markers of current or past hepatitis-B virus infection and in patients older than 50 years who did not have markers of current or past hepatitis-B virus infection. However, this was not statistically significant, and was not supported by a linear trend, the risk in heavy smokers being less than 1. Rural black patients, who have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma than urban black patients, smoked less than their urban counterparts. We conclude that smoking is not an unqualified risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in southern African black patients. There may, however, be a trend toward smoking playing an etiologic role in patients without hepatitis-B virus infection, especially in older patients.
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PMID:Smoking as a risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. A case-control study in southern African blacks. 299 52

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in males than it is in females, which has often been explained by the fact that alcoholism and chronic hepatitis B virus infection are more prevalent among males. The current studies, using biochemical and autoradiographic methods, verified that HCC contains higher concentrations of androgen receptors than the surrounding liver parenchyma and that extrinsically given testosterone are actively taken up by such tumors. These results may suggest that HCC is an androgen-dependent tumor and that, therefore, this tumor is more prevalent in males than it is in females.
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PMID:Active uptake of testosterone by androgen receptors of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. 300 76

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is far less common in urban born than in rural born southern African blacks, who also have a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. A case-control study was carried out to determine the relative frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation to hepatitis B virus infection in urban born blacks. Three hundred and ninety two black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and matched controls seen at two city hospitals were classified by questioning as urban born or rural born. The ratio of rural born to urban born blacks among the controls was 1.1:1.0 (207/185), whereas in the patients with cancer the ratio was 4.8:1.0 (324/68) (p less than 0.0001). Analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B markers in 62 urban born and matched rural born blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma showed no differences in the frequency of current or past hepatitis B virus infection. It is concluded that urban born blacks are less likely than rural born blacks to develop hepatocellular carcinoma, but when they do the tumour is equally likely to be related to infection with hepatitis B virus. The findings lend further support to an important role for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in urban born blacks: frequency and relation to hepatitis B virus infection. 302 71

Liver histologic findings were studied in 18 children who were 4 to 9 years old, and who had been HBsAg carriers since having been infected by their mothers in the perinatal period. All were born to HBeAg-HBsAg carrier mothers; the children were followed periodically from birth. Throughout their entire course, none developed symptoms or signs suggestive of liver disease. All of the 18 children showed mild but definite liver histologic changes: 15 had nonspecific histologic changes, and three had chronic persistent hepatitis. In 13 of 18 children, follow-up aminotransferase activities were abnormal, but none exceeded 100 KU. At the time of biopsy, ALTs on four children were above the upper limit of normal. All children were HBeAg-positive in early infancy, but five lost this antigen and developed antibody during follow-up. The histologic findings in HBeAg-positive children did not differ from those in children with antibody. Perinatal hepatitis B virus infection has been thought to play an important role in chronic liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. This study indicates that some pathologic changes following perinatal infection begin very early.
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PMID:Prospective study of asymptomatic HBsAg carrier children infected in the perinatal period: clinical and liver histologic studies. 335 19

To elucidate the biologic significance of hepatocyte HBsAg, its expression patterns were correlated with virus replication and liver pathology in 578 liver biopsies taken from chronic HBsAg carriers aged 1 to 80 years. Five major patterns of hepatocyte HBsAg were identified: homogeneous [intense and discrete, (Pattern A), faint and discrete, (Pattern B) and faint and grouped (Pattern C)]; globular or spotty (Pattern D), and marginal (Pattern E). Pattern A was always associated with viremia and also very frequently with membrane HBsAg expression, but rarely with active liver disease. It occurred most commonly in HBeAg-positive carrier children and young adults, reflecting an early immune tolerance phase with active virus replication. Pattern B was also usually associated with viremia, but very commonly associated with active disease (70%), reflecting active virus replication with enhanced immune response. Pattern E (marginal HBsAg), which was always in group distribution resembling a clonal expansion, predominated the HBeAg-negative phase and was associated with absence of viremia and occurred mostly in older adults with inactive bipolar disease spectrum (normal liver/mild disease or cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma); this reflects a late phase of inactive virus replication or integration. Patterns C and D did not correlate well with viremia, but also tended to have inactive diseases as did Pattern E. These findings suggest that hepatocyte HBsAg expression is closely related to the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Correlation of hepatocyte HBsAg expression with virus replication and liver pathology. 339 3

The presence of pre-S1 proteins in serum and liver of individuals with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection was investigated in Western blots using antibodies against a fusion protein, containing amino acids 20-120 of the pre-S region. Pre-S1 proteins were present in 20 of 38 HBsAg-positive sera. All sera positive for pre-S1 proteins were also positive for hepatitis B virus DNA indicating the presence of hepatitis B virions, and 16 of these sera were also positive for HBeAg. In five sera positive for hepatitis B virus DNA, pre-S1 proteins were not found. In an additional study, pre-S1 proteins could be detected in 4 of 6 patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection during the first 2 weeks after admission to the hospital. The presence of pre-S1 proteins showed a good correlation with the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA. After seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe, both hepatitis B virus DNA and pre-S1 proteins were no longer detectable. Pre-S1 proteins were present in three liver tissue specimens from two patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection and from one patient with cirrhosis of the liver. The proteins were not found in the liver of two HBsAg-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver carcinoma), negative for HBeAg. Pre-S1 proteins can be detected in serum, positive for hepatitis B virus DNA and in liver tissue of hepatitis B virus-infected individuals. The presence of these proteins appears to correspond with the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA, both markers indicating hepatitis B virus replication.
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PMID:Detection of pre-S1 proteins in serum and liver of HBsAg-positive patients: a new marker for hepatitis B virus infection. 395 30

Elderly people rarely develop hepatitis A, because of their acquired immunity, but they are more exposed to hepatitis-B and -nonAnonB infections. The course of viral hepatitis is usually more severe and more prolonged, the mortality of fulminant hepatitis is higher, and the risk of developing chronic hepatitis B is increased. There exists an association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection, old age, and the incidence of hepatoma. Exposed elderly persons should be vaccinated against hepatitis B but it might be necessary to give them additional booster doses in order to achieve sufficient antibody production.
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PMID:[Iatrogenic and environmentally induced diseases of the liver in old age: viral hepatitis in old age]. 614 Aug 71

A rapid multisite radioimmunoassay for measurement of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) that uses two high-affinity monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct and separate determinants on the protein was developed and designated M-RIA. The sensitivity of the "simultaneous-sandwich" M-RIA is approximately equal to 0.5 ng/ml of serum after a 1-hr incubation period. Serum AFP levels have been measured in 1747 individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection, chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-carrier states, cirrhosis, other malignant tumors, and normal and disease controls to determine the specificity of the assay. Eighty percent (68/85) of patients with HBsAg-positive HCC had AFP levels of greater than 200 ng/ml (range, 260 to greater than 200,000 ng/ml). In contrast, all 450 normal subjects and 477 chronic HBsAg-positive carriers had levels of less than 20 ng/ml. More importantly, in acute and chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis, and other malignant tumors and in the remaining disease controls, AFP levels were less than 20 ng/ml in 99.3% of the subjects, the great majority (greater than 96%) being less than 5 ng/ml. Indeed only two of 1635 individuals, one with acute hepatitis and the other with carcinoma of the esophagus had AFP levels of greater than 100 ng/ml. These observations are at variance with previous studies with conventional polyvalent RIAs of AFP levels of greater than 20 ng/ml in approximately equal to 40% of acute and chronic hepatitis and in 30% of cirrhosis. This striking specificity of the M-RIA is probably due in part to recognition of epitopes unique to AFP and suggest that such an assay may be used in the detection, early identification, and monitoring of AFP-producing tumors in high-risk populations.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in human disease: perspective from a highly specific monoclonal radioimmunoassay. 620 28


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