Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the frequency of hepatitis B virus replication in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA could be detected in the sera of 28% and 47% of 116 HBsAg-positive patients, but not in the sera of 15 HBsAg-negative patients. Replicative forms of hepatitis B virus DNA were detected in the neoplastic and nonneoplastic liver tissues from 34% and 62% of 29 HBsAg-positive patients and 0% and 20% of five HBsAg-negative patients by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Of the 10 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in whom hepatocellular carcinoma developed during follow-up, hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA were detected in the sera of seven and eight patients, respectively, at presentation, 13 to 43 mo before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. In nine patients, hepatitis B virus DNA was persistently or intermittently detected in the serum during follow-up. Five patients remained hepatitis B e antigen-positive and seven were detectable for hepatitis B virus DNA in serum when hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed. Four patients had one or more episodes of exacerbations before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma; in three, the exacerbations were associated with changes in level of hepatitis B virus replication. Our study demonstrated that despite the long interval between the onset of hepatitis B virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B virus replication persisted in most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, albeit at a low level.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus replication in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 55

Unlike adults (greater than 60% of cases), it is rare to find the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier status with normal transaminases among children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this status would depend on the duration of HBV infection, that is, whether chronic hepatitis in childhood would lead to the asymptomatic carrier status in later life. We reexamined all of our patients with chronic HBV infection of greater than 10 years' duration and with histologically documented chronic hepatitis during childhood. This was a group of 36 adolescents and young adults. All subjects were screened for tumor using alpha-fetoprotein assay and hepatic ultrasound. Eight patients with cirrhosis underwent esophageal fiberoptic endoscopy. All patients were in good general condition, with no clinical signs of liver failure. Only two patients had abnormal transaminase levels, both of whom had evidence of delta infection. All but one patient became anti-HBe positive. Five cases had HBsAg clearance. (Seventy-one percent of patients were HBeAg positive and 14% anti-HBe positive at the onset of the disease.) Hepatic ultrasound revealed no tumors in any of the subjects, and fiberoptic endoscopy demonstrated no esophageal varices. This study suggests that (a) chronic hepatitis and asymptomatic carrier status may be subsequent stages of the B virus infection; and (b) chronic hepatitis in childhood is generally benign and may evolve into an asymptomatic carrier status. The main problem with the chronic carrier status is probably the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Pediatric HBsAg chronic liver disease and adult asymptomatic carrier status: two stages of the same entity. 224 22

We have studied antibodies (anti-pol antibody) against the polymerase gene product of hepatitis B virus by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides coded for by this gene. Sera from six patients with acute hepatitis B, 112 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers and six healthy individuals with naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis B virus were tested for anti-pol antibody. In acute hepatitis B virus infection, anti-pol antibody was detected in three of six patients. In chronic hepatitis B virus infection, anti-pol antibody was detected in 17 of 29 (59%), in 23 of 33 (70%) of cirrhotic patients and in 18 of 24 (75%) patients with cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with 4 of 19 (21%) asymptomatic carriers and 2 of 7 (29%) patients with chronic persistent hepatitis. Titers of anti-pol antibody were higher in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma than in patients with chronic active hepatitis. The presence of anti-pol antibody, however, had no relationship with hepatitis B virus-associated DNA polymerase activities and other viral replicative markers. As for sera from six healthy individuals with naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis B virus, two (33%) were positive for anti-pol antibody. These results indicate that the immune response toward the polymerase gene product is induced during acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In chronic hepatitis B virus infection, anti-pol antibody may serve as a new marker indicative of a long period of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatitis.
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PMID:Detection of antibodies against the polymerase gene product in hepatitis B virus infection. 239 Oct 62

A prospective surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using serum alpha-fetoprotein and high-resolution, linear-array, real-time ultrasonography was carried out in 432 patients with clinicopathologically proven chronic type B hepatitis. During a follow-up period of 6-85 mo (median 23, mean 26.9 +/- 16.8 mo), asymptomatic HCC was identified in 8 patients, with a calculated annual incidence of 826/100,000, and 2768/100,000 for patients over age 35 yr. The relative risk of developing HCC in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic hepatitis patients was 2 when compared to those that were hepatitis B surface antigen-negative, and was 5 when compared in patients over age 35 yr. Hepatocellular carcinomas detected by these methods were in a relatively early stage as most tumors were small, only 50% were associated with cirrhosis, 37.5% were positive for hepatitis B e antibody, and most were still resectable. We, therefore, recommend a combination of alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasonography surveillance in patients with chronic hepatitis in order to improve the chance of early HCC detection as well as the chance for successful resection. In addition, the low incidence of cirrhosis and hepatitis B e antibody in these patients with "early" HCCs and the occurrence of hepatitis B e antigen/hepatitis B e antibody seroconversion after HCC had developed suggest that the development of HCC and progression from hepatitis to cirrhosis were two independent (though related) sequelae of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. A prospective study. 241 25

The effects of suramin, an antiparasitic agent, upon in vitro hepatitis B surface antigen production by the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 and hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity in the serum of a chronically infected patient were examined. Treatment with suramin resulted in decreases in hepatitis B surface antigen production and hepatitis B-virus associated DNA polymerase activity. The decrease in hepatitis B surface antigen production was paralleled by a general decrease in hepatoma cell viability and cellular protein synthesis. Although the inhibitory effects of suramin for hepatitis B virus appear to be nonspecific as demonstrated in these two in vitro systems, the recently announced trial of suramin for the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should afford an unusual opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of suramin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Effects of suramin on in vitro HBsAg production by PLC/PRF/5 cells and hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase activity. 242 68

Hepatocellular carcinoma often affects blacks at an early age. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if the association between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma is the same in young and older black patients. Serum markers of hepatitis B infection were measured by radioimmunoassay in 391 blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma, 173 of whom were less than or equal to 30 yr old and 218 of whom were greater than or equal to 50 yr old. Only 2 of the young patients showed no markers of current or past hepatitis B infection compared with 31 (14.3%) of the older patients (p less than 0.001). Hepatitis B surface antigen was present in 81.5% of the young patients and of these 34.5% were e antigen-positive. The corresponding figures in the older patients were 29.8% and 10.9% (p less than 0.001 in each instance). It is concluded that whereas the association between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B infection is almost universal in young blacks, a subgroup of older blacks shows no evidence of ever having been infected with this virus.
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PMID:Effect of age on the etiologic role of the hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma in blacks. 244 50

Two hundred ninety patients (203 men, 87 women), age 7 to 74 years (mean: 39.1 years), with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, were prospectively followed for a period of 1 to 4 years to determine the value of alpha-fetoprotein monitoring in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. At presentation, 66% of the patients were asymptomatic, 19% had chronic hepatitis and 15% had established cirrhosis. Forty-four (15%) patients had elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels on one or more occasions during the study period. Twenty patients with normal alpha-fetoprotein levels at presentation developed elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels during the course of follow-up, whereas 24 patients had elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels at presentation. Six (14%) of these 44 patients (five men and one woman), age 23 to 66 years, had persistent or progressive increase in alpha-fetoprotein levels and were confirmed to have hepatocellular carcinoma. In four patients, the alpha-fetoprotein levels were below 500 ng per ml at the time of tumor localization. Only three patients had resectable tumors. All six patients would have been missed if alpha-fetoprotein screening was restricted to men above the age of 40 with cirrhosis and anti-HBe. Of the remaining 38 patients, elevation in alpha-fetoprotein levels in 18 patients was associated with exacerbations of the underlying liver disease and/or significant changes in level of hepatitis B virus replication, but in 20 patients, no apparent cause could be identified. The elevation in AFP levels exceeded 200 ng per ml in 26% and persisted beyond 6 months in 15% of these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:alpha-Fetoprotein monitoring in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: role in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. 247 84

The most important condition associated with hepatocellular carcinoma is chronic hepatitis B virus infection. This article summarizes the information linking hepatocellular carcinoma with conditions other than hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Conditions associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. 254 7

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus can result in the development of serious liver disease such as chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vertical transmission from infected mothers to infants is thought to be partially responsible for the high prevalence of infection in certain high-risk groups. Immunoprophylaxis using hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis immune globulin has been highly effective in decreasing the probability of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in infants with exposure. Previously, the Centers for Disease Control recommended screening pregnant women considered at high risk of hepatitis B infection to detect newborns who would benefit from postnatal immunizations directed at preventing the HBV carrier state. Because of the poor sensitivity of high-risk criteria in distinguishing pregnant women who harbor the hepatitis B virus, these recommendations have recently been revised to call for the routine screening of all pregnant women in the United States.
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PMID:Hepatitis B in pregnancy. 266 19

The genome of the hepatitis B virus contains a sequence (X gene) whose role is unclear. The almost complete region of the hepatitis B virus X gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, with the resulting protein being approximately 17 kilodaltons in molecular weight. Sera from 139 subjects were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Of the hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients, anti-X was not found in 4 patients with acute hepatitis and in 12 healthy carriers, but was present in 41% (21/51) of the patients with chronic hepatitis, 63% (15/24) of those with liver cirrhosis, and 46% (12/26) of those with hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of the X product in the liver tissues (43 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients) was investigated using an indirect immunohistochemical method. The X protein was observed in 64% (21/33) of the patients with chronic hepatitis and 50% (5/10) of those with liver cirrhosis, and was found when the serum was negative for anti-X. Hepatitis B core antigen was frequently expressed together with the X protein in the liver. The conclusions reached were that the frequency of anti-X increases with the length of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, that anti-X may suppress the expression of the X protein in the liver, and that the X protein may be related to hepatitis B virus replication.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis B virus X gene protein and antibody in type B chronic liver disease. 277 48


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