Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Collagen glucosyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.1.66) was quantified in experimentally-induced liver carcinoma, murine schistosomiasis mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and compared to the level of enzyme activity in control liver samples. Enzyme activity in hepatoma and fibrotic tissues were 12 and 5 times the mean level of enzyme activity in the control liver tissue respectively. The level of enzyme activity in the hepatoma tissue was two times the level of enzyme activity found in the fibrotic tissue. The findings in this study provide the basis for the highly elevated serum values of this intracellular enzyme in experimentally-induced primary hepatocellular carcinoma or in human primary hepatoma. The enzyme activity may be increased in primary liver carcinoma to compensate for an increased rate of collagen synthesis.
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PMID:Liver collagen glucosyltransferase in experimental primary liver carcinoma. 183 51

HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in the liver biopsies of 21 patients with schistosomiasis japonica complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 69 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica and 25 patients with HCC. The positive rate of HBAg in liver of patients with schistosomiasis complicated by HCC (85.7%) was significantly higher than those with advanced schistosomiasis (56.5%), but similar to that in the group of HCC (80.0%). The location of tumor cells in liver was not related with the distribution of schistosomal ova in patients with schistosomiasis complicated by HCC. The results indicate that complicated HBV infection may be one of the major causes of HCC developed in patients with schistosomiasis japonica.
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PMID:[Detection of HBAg in the liver in patients with schistosomiasis complicated by liver carcinoma]. 196 49

A 69-year-old man underwent right middle lobectomy because of the tumor lesion in the right middle lung. He had ever been in Celebes and China (riverside area of the Yangtze), the infected area of schistosomiasis japonica, for military service during the World War II. Resected lung specimen was carefully examined at the department of pathology in our hospital. Several ova of Schistosoma japonicum were discovered scattered in the specimen, and the pathological feature of the lung lesion was revealed to be metastasis of the sigmoid colon cancer which was resected 4 years ago at a certain hospital. The ova of Schistosoma japonicum were also distributed near the colon lesion. Recently in Japan, it is said, acute infected case of schistosomiasis japonica has been ceased, however, in cases of chronic stage of this disease, hepatoma or lower intestinal cancers are still discovered through the careful follow up study.
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PMID:[A case of metastatic lung tumor of the colon cancer with ova of schistosoma japonicum in the resected lung specimen]. 251 5

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), no serologic markers of HBV can be found in up to 11% of HCC patients in developing countries and up to 68% of HCC patients in industrialized countries. Despite the absence of HBV serologic markers in these HCC patients, HBV DNA sequences have been found to be integrated into HCC DNA in 13-100% of these patients, indicating a possible role of HBV in the etiology of their HCC. Although six patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis virus infection who were followed have been documented to develop HCC, it is not known whether the non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses cause or contribute to the development of HCC in some HCC patients without HBV serologic markers. Ethanol, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, and aflatoxin also have been suggested as possible etiologies and should be studied further. Suggested etiologies that are not supported by the published data include alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and schistosomiasis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: possible etiologies in patients without serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. 253 73

One-hundred and fourteen cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which underwent computed tomography (CT) and angiography at the University Hospital of Yamanashi were reviewed. These included 24 cases of HCC associated with hepatic schistosomiasis japonica. Compared with the other cases, radiological features of HCC with schistosomiasis japonica were clarified. Patients with multinodular HCC were most common (13/24), followed by those with single nodular HCC (7/24), while those with massive or diffuse HCC were few (4/24). In patients with marked CT changes (grade III or IV) of hepatic schistosomiasis japonica, most of HCC nodules were disclosed as a mass with homogenous hypodensity surrounded by "shell-like calcifications". Obstruction of the portal vein or its branches due to tumor thrombus was rarely noted (4/24). These features are presumably attributed to periportal fibrosis which is characteristic of heptic schistosomiasis japonica. Because of these features, it is expected that hepatocellular carcinomas with schistosomiasis japonica can be treated by transcatheter arterial embolization more effectively than those without schistosomiasis japonica.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with schistosomiasis japonica; CT and angiographic features]. 254 96

Markers of hepatitis A and B virus were tested in 88 adult Sudanese subjects in Khartoum, Sudan. The subjects consisted of 25 control hospitalized patients, 21 volunteer blood donors, 23 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, 13 patients with liver cirrhosis and 6 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antibody to hepatitis A virus was detected in 96% of the total. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 4, 24, 22, 31, and 67% of the subject groups, respectively. Antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb) of undiluted serum was positive in 60, 57, 65, 77 and 83%, and there was no difference in incidence among the groups. It was positive in 200X diluted serum in 4, 24, 17, 23 and 60%. HBsAg and HBcAb (200X) were detected more often in HCC patients than in the control subjects (p less than 0.01). Hepatitis B virus is an important factor in the etiology of HCC in the Sudan.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus markers in patients with schistosomiasis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Khartoum, Sudan. 255 52

Two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with liver cirrhosis lived more than 5 years after hepatic resection. One patient with liver cirrhosis combined with schistosomiasis japonica survived 5 years and 2.5 months after left lobectomy and died of liver failure. Two recurrent tumors, each 1 cm in diameter, were present in the remaining lobe but were not responsible for death. Another patient is well 9 years and 2 months after extended right lobectomy. The tumor was bulky, and the resected specimen was 2800 g in weight. These facts show that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with liver cirrhosis can survive for a long period even if a large tumor is involved.
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PMID:Long-term survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with liver cirrhosis. Report of two patients. 298 28

The association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatic schistosomiasis (CS) was studied by reviewing, 4,886 autopsies in adults during the past 20 years. In 229 cases of CS, 59 (25.7%) also had HCC. Among cases without CS, 399 (8.5%) had HCC. The incidence of HCC in patients with CS was significantly higher than that of other autopsy cases (p less than 0.01). Serum HBsAg was positive in 25.7% of 35 HCC cases with CS examined for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and anti HBs was positive in 10 of the 12 HBsAg-negative cases associated with CS, and in 62.1% of the other HBsAg-negative cases examined. Thus, most of HCC cases, including those associated with CS, probably had HBV infection at one time. Morphological examination revealed varying degrees of non-schistosomal hepatic changes, including macronodular or mixed macro-and micronodular cirrhosis, superimposed on schistosomal fibrosis in about two-thirds of the cases of HCC associated with CS. Although conclusive evidence whether or not schistosomal infection had a direct role in hepatocarcinogenesis could not be obtained, it was predicted that the additional non-schistosomal factors, particularly HBV infection, might play a synergistic role.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and schistosomiasis japonica. A clinicopathologic study of 59 autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic schistosomiasis japonica. 301 11

Three hundred and ninety-five four-week-old SPF female ddY mice were each exposed to 5 or 6 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum (Japanese strain) on their shaved abdomens and were maintained in a conditioned clean environment and fed on sterilized food and water. Fecal examinations at 8 to 10 weeks postinfection (PI) revealed 169 mice to be infected. More than half of them died within 30 weeks PI and 70 mice that survived to the 50th week PI were sacrificed. At autopsy, we could find no schistosome eggs in the liver or intestinal wall of 9 mice, and they were excluded. Out of 61 mice which showed S. japonicum eggs in their livers, 48 had single or multiple hepatoma, while no tumor was observed in the livers of the 60 control mice. The tumors were yellowish-white in color with distinct boundaries and the centers of the tumors were depressed in some cases. The size of the tumors varied from 1 to 20 mm in diameter. Most of the tumors retained the normal trabecular pattern, but in some cases the trabeculae were thickened, having wide vascular spaces. The tumor cells were PAS-negative and showed varieties of pleomorphism. The sizes of cells and nuclei varied greatly. These findings suggested some causal relationship between S. japonicum infection and the hepatoma formation in the host's liver. In the chronic course of schistosomiasis japonica in the endemic areas, S. japonicum infection probably plays a role in hepatoma formation of patients.
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PMID:Hepatoma formation in ddY mice with chronic schistosomiasis japonica. 313 Mar 51

Ethiopia is a country of 45 million people in northeast Africa. With a stagnant, agriculture-based economy and a per capita gross national product of $110 in 1984, it is one of the world's poorest nations. 70% of the children are mildly to severely malnourished, and 25.7% of children born alive die before the age of 5. Life expectancy is 41 years. The population is growing at the rate of 2.9%/year, but only 2% of the people use birth control. After the 1974 revolution, the socialist government nationalized land and created 20,000 peasant associations and kebeles (urban dwellers' associations), which are the units of local government. The government has set ambitious goals for development in all sectors, including health, but famine, near famine, forced resettlement programs, and civil war have prevented any real progress from being made. The government's approach to health care is based on an emphasis on primary health care and expansion of rural health services, but the Ministry of Health is allocated only 3.5% of the national budget. Ethiopia has 3 medical schools -- at Addis Ababa, Gondar, and the Jimma Institute of Health Sciences. Physicians are government employees but also engage in private practice. A major problem is that a large proportion of medical graduates emigrate. Ethiopia has 87 hospitals with 11,296 beds, which comes to 1 bed per 3734 people. There are 1949 health stations and 141 health centers, but many have no physician, and attrition among health workers is high due to lack of ministerial support. Health care is often dispensed legally or illegally by pharmacists. Overall, there is 1 physician for 57,876 people, but in the southwest and west central Ethiopia 1 physician serves between 200,000 and 300,000 people. In rural areas, where 90% of the population lives, 85% live at least 3 days by foot from a rural health unit. Immunization of 1-year olds against tuberculosis, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, poliomyelitis, and measles is 11, 6, 6, and 12% respectively. Infectious diseases dominate the medical scene in Ethiopia. In 1984, tuberculosis accounted for 11.2% of hospital admissions and 12.2% of deaths. The leading cause of childhood mortality in 1984 was diarrhea (45%). Malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and meningococcal meningitis are endemic. Intestinal parasitism is rampant, and the nationwide prevalence of leprosy is 3/1000. Venereal diseases were the 9th most common cause of hospital outpatient visits in 1984, but AIDS is rare. The leading noninfectious diseases are rheumatic and syphilitic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatoma, and elephantiasis. Ethiopia has the highest number of cases of nonfilarial elephantiasis -- an estimated 350,000 cases -- in the world. Aside from a large influx of money, the most necessary changes to improve the health system are lowering the salaries of doctors and nurses, reorienting physician training toward primary health care, increasing the quality of existing health services, more efficient management, and better coordination between the Ministry of Health and the voluntary organizations.
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PMID:Health and medical care in Ethiopia. 271 Jan 85


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