Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to estimate end effects of chronic prolonged gammairradiation of dogs, an exposure of 80 animals to irradiation was terminated and they were followed up closely. Out of 80 animals 30 dogs (1st series) were irradiated for 3 years and 50 dogs (II series) for 6 years. The dogs were exposed to irradiation at doses of 21 to 190 rad per year. Out of the total number of animals 22 dogs died. Post-mortem examinations showed neoformations in 13 animals (7 malignant and 12 benign neoformations). The highest number of tumors developed in dogs of the II series (10 out of 11) one-two years after irradiation (6 malignant tumors--malignant pheochromocytoma of adrenals; malignant adenoma of the hypophysis: polymorphocellular sarcoma of the liver; leucomyosarcoma of the uterus; bladder cancer; breast cancer; and 10 benign tumors--pancreatic adenoma; liver angioma; 2 papillary adenomas of the prostate; 3 renal adenomas; lipoma; polyps of the gall-bladder). Animals of the 1st series displayed 3 neoformations (1 malignant tumor--bladder tumor and 2 benign tumorsliver hepatoma and spleen angioma) 4--5 years after irradiation.
 ...
PMID:[Formation of neoplasms in dogs after chronic gamma irradiation at a low-intensity dose]. 64 24

We report a rare case of extrahepatic growing hepatocellular carcinoma which was clinically diagnosed as right adrenal tumor. A 61-year-old woman was admitted for further examination of right flank pain and hypertension. Abdominal computed tomographic scan and echogram revealed a suprarenal mass. Hypercatecholaminemia was suspected from urinary analysis. Preoperative diagnosis was right adrenal tumor; suspected pheochromocytoma. On operation, we found the tumor was pedunculated from right lobe of liver and compressing normal right adrenal gland. Its clinical diagnosis was hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten months after operation she is still alive. We discuss the difficulty of differential diagnosis between extrahepatic growing hepatocellular carcinoma and adrenal tumor.
 ...
PMID:[Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma suspected of right adrenal tumor: a case report]. 132 50

It is well documented that cold stress induces a rapid trans-synaptically mediated increase in the relative abundance of rat adrenomedullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA. To investigate the transcriptional mechanisms regulating the cold stress response, we have employed a gel mobility shift assay, using DNA fragments prepared from the proximal 5' flanking region of the bovine TH gene as a heterologous molecular probe. In pilot studies, this region of the bovine TH promoter (nucleotides -246 to +21) was fused to the bacterial reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and the chimeric construct transfected into human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C, hepatoma HepG2, and rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. Results of this analysis indicate that the proximal 5' flanking region of the bovine TH gene contains sufficient information to drive transient reporter gene expression in both human and rat catecholaminergic clonal cell lines. The findings derived from the gel mobility shift studies demonstrate that cold exposure causes rapid and selective alterations in the binding of adrenomedullary nuclear proteins to the proximal 5' flanking region of the TH gene. The most striking cold stress-induced alteration in DNA/nucleoprotein binding occurs in a region of the TH promoter (nucleotides -246 to -189) which contains an element bearing marked sequence similarity to an AP1 binding site and is highly conserved among animal species. This alteration occurs within 1 hr of cold exposure and persists for up to 48 hr after the onset of stress. The results of adrenal denervation experiments indicate that the cold-induced change in DNA/nucleoprotein binding is neurally mediated, requiring intact sympathetic innervation of the gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Cold-induced alterations in the binding of adrenomedullary nuclear proteins to the promoter region of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. 136 May 41

We have cloned full-length DDC cDNAs from a human hepatoma cDNA library [DDC; dopa decarboxylase; aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase, EC 4.1.1.28]. The protein encoded by hepatoma cells is the same as that encoded by adrenal chromaffin derived pheochromocytoma cells, despite reported differences in biochemical properties. We have confirmed the location of the DDC gene to chromosome 7 using a new panel of somatic cell hybrids, and we have localized the gene to band p11 on chromosome 7 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The human gene retains 65% amino acid identity with Drosophila DDC (Accession No. X04426) and considerable structural similarity with other enzymes (F.R. Jackson, 1990, J. Mol. Evol. 31:325-329, and references therein).
 ...
PMID:Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs. 161 8

Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis was performed on several different types of human cancers, including carcinoma of the uterine cervix, neuroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, stomach cancer, and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), to determine the chromosomal loci of putative tumor-suppressor genes in each type of tumor because less of heterozygosity (LOH) is supposed to unmask the recessive mutation of tumor-suppressor gene in the remaining allele. Chromosomal loci showing frequent LOH differed among these tumors, suggesting that there are several tumor-suppressor genes in the human genome and that critical genes for the development of each type of tumor are different. In some cases LOH was observed in the early stage of tumor such as chromosome 3p loss in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and in other cases it was observed only in the advanced stage of tumor such as chromosomes 4 and 16q loss in hepatocellular carcinoma. These results suggest that there are two different types of tumor-suppressor genes: one is the gene whose inactivation is responsible for malignant transformation of a normal cell and the other is the gene whose inactivation is responsible for the progression of a tumor cell. In SCLC, LOH at three different chromosomal loci, 3p, 13q, and 17p, was simultaneously observed in nearly 100% of tumors. It was observed even in stage I tumors and an untreated tumor, and it occurred prior to N-myc amplification. These results may imply that at least six genetic alterations are necessary to convert a normal cell into a fully malignant cancer cell in SCLC.
 ...
PMID:Chromosomal localization of putative tumor-suppressor genes in several human cancers. 168 40

Adrenal imaging was performed using magnetic resonance (MR) was in 100 patients who had no clinical or biochemical evidence of adrenal abnormality and in 19 patients with 24 adrenal lesions (adenoma in 5, hyperplasia in 2, metastasis in 5, (lung cancer in 1, hepatoma in 4) adrenal cancer in 1, pheochromocytoma in 3, neuroblastoma in 3). Normal adrenal glands showed intermediate intensity between muscle and liver, and were detected in over 90% of cases on T1-weighted images (T1-weighted SE, inversion recovery). Adenomas and hyperplasias had the same intensity as normal glands. Medullary masses showed extreme hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and could be differentiated from cortical masses. Neuroblastomas were detected as hyperintense tumors with intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis on T2-weighted MR images. Metastatic adrenal tumors from lung cancer were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, while metastasis from hepatoma showed low intensity on the same pulse sequence. In diagnosing adrenal metastasis, we must compare and contrast the tumor intensity and structure with those of the primary lesions. MR is considered a useful modality in characterizing adrenal tissue.
 ...
PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland]. 179 51

Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsies were performed from 28 adrenal lesions in 28 patients. In 15 patients adrenal enlargement was an incidental finding. In 17 of 18 (94%) patients with metastatic spread combined cytological and histological examination disclosed secondary malignancy, and in 4 of 5 patients with primary neoplastic disease the combined microscopic examination concluded primary neoplasia. However, it was not possible to classify these lesions as being of a malignant or a benign nature. A false positive diagnosis of a hepatocellular carcinoma of the clear cell type was made in one case. In all 5 patients with non-neoplastic adrenal lesions cytological and histological examinations concluded non-neoplastic disease. Electron microscopy was of special benefit in two cases of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a pheochromocytoma. Using ultrasonically guided biopsies it is possible to differentiate between adrenal lesions due to metastatic spread and adrenal lesions due to primary neoplasia or non-neoplastic disease. Compared to other imaging techniques ultrasonically guided punctures of adrenal masses is a simple procedure giving important diagnostic information.
 ...
PMID:Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsies from adrenal tumors. 194 37

Protein purification and molecular cloning have defined five classes of protein serine-threonine phosphatase catalytic subunits referred to as types 1, 2A, 2B (calcineurin), 2C, and X. Protein serine-threonine phosphatases 1, 2A, 2B, and X appear to have significant sequence homologies, whereas the 2C enzyme is more divergent. We have used the polymerase chain reaction to define the multiplicity of the closely related types 1, 2A, 2B, and X phosphatase catalytic subunits in two clonal cell lines, rat PC12 pheochromocytoma and rat FTO-2B hepatoma. RNAs for all four related phosphatase types were expressed in both cell lines. In addition to the phosphatase X enzyme, four phosphatase 1, two phosphatase 2A, and three phosphatase 2B isoforms were identified in PC12 and FTO-2B cells. The results indicate a large multiplicity of protein serine-threonine phosphatases within clonal cells of different tissue origin, suggesting that their role in cell regulation will be as divergent as that for the protein serine-threonine kinases.
 ...
PMID:Multiplicity of protein serine-threonine phosphatases in PC12 pheochromocytoma and FTO-2B hepatoma cells. 217 76

A hybrid clone was developed by the fusion of a pluripotent mouse teratocarcinoma cell line PCC-4 AzaR to the Zajdela ascitic hepatoma (ZAH) of rat origin. This hybrid cell line, F2231A, possessed a predominantly teratocarcinoma morphology with a large nucleus and prominent nucleoli, and grew in nests. F2231A cells formed undifferentiated tumours in irradiated Sv/129 mice. It formed aggregates when subcultured at high densities in bacteriological Petri dishes. The hybrid cell line differentiated in response to retinoic acid and also underwent spontaneous differentiation upon overgrowth. Karyological analysis showed the presence of several rat chromosomes in the hybrid and upon isozyme analysis it was found that only the rat variant of the X-linked enzyme HGPRT was expressed. Analysis of the genomic DNA with a cloned probe, specific for rat repetitive sequences, gave strong positive signals in the hepatoma parent and F2231A cells while the parental embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were negative. The hybrid cell line, like the PCC-4 cells, expressed the SSEA-1 surface marker but not SSEA-3, intercellular fibronectin and EGF receptors. Upon differentiation of F2231A cells there was a loss of expression of SSEA-1. The mRNA for alpha-fetoprotein was expressed by the hybrid cell line and in this respect it resembled the hepatoma parent. Albumin mRNA was not detectable in the hybrid cell line. The mRNA for the transformation-related protein, p53, was expressed at a high level in F2231A cells. The hybrid cell line F2231A retained several of the biochemical and immunological properties of the teratocarcinoma cells.
 ...
PMID:A malignant, stem cell-like somatic hybrid between a mouse teratocarcinoma and a rat ascitic hepatoma is differentiation competent. 247 69

A cellular transcription factor, ATF, binds to a repeated element in the adenovirus early region 4 (E4) promoter. ATF also binds to other viral early promoter regions and to the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements of cellular genes. In this report, we demonstrate that a single ATF-binding site located immediately upstream of the E4 TATA box, between -62 and -46, mediates induction of E4 transcription by 8-bromoadenosine-3',5-cyclic monophosphate or cholera toxin in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. Different ATF-binding sites in the E4 control region independently conferred cAMP inducibility on the simian virus 40 early promoter in PC12 cells. Induction of E4 expression by cAMP was also observed in virus-infected HepG2 cells. Other viral early promoter regions that contain ATF-binding sites (E1A and E2A) were also induced by cAMP in infected cells. E4 expression was activated by the E1A 13S mRNA products in HepG2 cells. E1A trans activation appears to be distinct from the cAMP response.
 ...
PMID:Independent cyclic AMP and E1A induction of adenovirus early region 4 expression. 254 14


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>