Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients had resection for primary hepatic sarcoma: one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), two with poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma, and one with leiomyosarcoma. Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One patient had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of hepatic tumors. At presentation, all patients had pain; one had tumor rupture, and one had mental changes and hypoglycemia. None had hepatitis or cirrhosis. Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three patients and an avascular mass in the patient with MFH. Despite large tumors (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary hepatic sarcomas from hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in noncirrhotic patients. All patients had extensive hepatic resections, with one operative death. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumors were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other hepatic tumors. The patient with MFH died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The patient with the ruptured fibrosarcoma had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The patient with the leiomyosarcoma had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary hepatic sarcoma is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.
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PMID:Resection of primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. 751 Sep 7

Over three years, 365 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of the liver were performed at Ottawa Civic Hospital. Fifty-nine percent of these aspirates were positive for malignancy. A diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was made in 20 liver aspirates. The initial light microscopic diagnoses of HCC were confirmed by immunocytochemical and/or electron microscopic (EM) studies in 16 aspirates. Canalicular pattern of staining with antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), positive staining with anticytokeratin AE3 and negative staining with anticytokeratin AE1 supported the diagnosis of HCC. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression is relatively specific for HCC, it was positive in only 44% of cases, and the staining was usually focal. EM study confirmed the diagnosis of HCC in seven cases. Based on our findings and published reports, we use a diagnostic panel of antibodies to CEA, AFP and anticytokeratins AE1 and AE3, and/or EM study when there is a suggestion of HCC cytologically or clinically.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Value of immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 751 32

In targeted chemotherapy, Lipiodol Ultrafluid was used as a carrier of anticancer drugs; these combinations were termed oily anticancer agents. Arterial injection therapy with these oily anticancer agents was performed in 330 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 110 patients with unresectable metastatic liver cancer. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level decreased in 178 of 186 AFP-positive patients with HCC. Tumor size was reduced in 256 of 269 evaluable patients with HCC. The treatment seemed to prolong survival and in 193 HCC patients who were good candidates for therapy (those without Child C liver cirrhosis, without tumor occupying all four segments of the liver, or without extrahepatic spread) the 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 85, 52, and 34% respectively. In the 110 patients with metastatic liver cancer, the carcinoembryonic antigen level and tumor size were reduced. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of these 110 patients were 61, 32, and 22% respectively.
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PMID:Targeted chemotherapy for unresectable primary and metastatic liver cancer. 751 28

The distinction between primary and metastatic hepatic epithelial malignant neoplasms can often be difficult if histologic features alone are used. The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain immunohistochemical markers could be used to aid in the diagnosis. The cases that were studied included 14 hepatocellular carcinomas, 10 cholangiocarcinomas, and seven metastatic adenocarcinomas; three cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma (not otherwise specified) were also studied. The antibodies that were chosen included alpha-fetoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, Leu-M1, B72.3, factor XIIIa, and Le(x). We found that the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma displayed cytoplasmic reactivity for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein, and factor XIIIa. The cases of cholangiocarcinoma showed membranous and cytoplasmic reactivity for Le(x) but only cytoplasmic reactivity for Leu-M1 and B72.3, whereas the opposite pattern of staining was found in cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma. We conclude that immunohistochemical studies can be useful in the distinction of primary vs metastatic hepatic malignant neoplasms and recommend a panel of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein, Leu-M1, B72.3, factor XIIIa, and Le(x).
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PMID:Primary vs metastatic hepatic carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study of 34 cases. 752 38

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) is often difficult to distinguish from secondary liver neoplasia (SLN) by physical and imaging diagnostic procedures alone. To this aim we have extended and improved a laboratory approach based on a serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme ratio (LD4:LD5) by adding the carcinoembryonic antigen: alpha-fetoprotein ratio, alkaline phosphatase, and serum iron concentrations to obtain a highly efficient discriminant function. In two successive cohorts, for a total of 102 patients, all histologically diagnosed, with a prevalence of HC vs SLN of 3:1, we correctly classified 96% of cases (100% of SLN cases). Subsequent verification with the jackknife reallocation statistical algorithm confirmed these results. In conclusion, this discriminant function based on simple laboratory assays of a few analytes is an important tool in solving a diagnostic dilemma in cases of liver neoplasia.
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PMID:Discriminant function based on serum analytes differentiates hepatocarcinoma from secondary liver neoplasia. 753 73

Thirteen cases of combined hepatocellular (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) were examined. In addition to routine pathology, immunoreactivities for carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cytokeratin (Cam 5.2 and AE1), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (B72.3) were also examined. The average age of the 13 cases was 64.8 years, which lay between the average ages of pure HCC and CCC cases. They were categorized as separate type (2), collision type (6), and intermingled type (5). AE1 and EMA were the best markers to differentiate the CCC from the HCC area. B72.3 immunoreactivity was detected only in CCC (46%). There were no transitional features between HCC and CCC in two cases of the separate type and two cases of the collision type. However, focal transitional features from HCC to CCC were observed in all cases of the intermingled type and in four of six cases of the collision type. In one case of the intermingled type, many cancer cells contained both bile and mucus simultaneously, and revealed dual immunoreactivities. The conclusions are: 1) the combined type is generated from two sources; one is the intrahepatic double cancer (thoroughly separate type and a part of the collision type) and another is the stem cell origin with diverse phenotypes (intermingled type and a part of the collision tumor); and 2) AE1 was the most helpful marker to differentiate the CCC area from HCC, and other markers, e.g. AFP for HCC and EMA, CEA, and B72.3 for CCC, were also supportive but somewhat limited in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical analysis of 13 cases with combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. 753 81

P-glycoprotein (P-gly), which is responsible for the phenotypic expression of multidrug resistance in cancerous tissue was stained immunohistochemically in previously untreated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing (n = 20) and nonproducing gastric cancers (n = 20). P-gly, AFP, and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) were stained in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody JSB-1, anti-AFP, and anti-CEA, respectively. DNA ploidy pattern was determined by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) analyzer. P-gly was significantly overexpressed in AFP producing gastric cancers (60%) than in AFP nonproducing ones (20%) (P < 0.01). When the result of P-gly staining was analyzed among the AFP-positive cases, P-gly positivity did not emerge either as a significant prognostic factor or as a predictor of the metastatic potentiality of the tumor. The intrinsic overexpression of P-gly in AFP producing gastric cancers proves its biological and morphological similarities to hepatocellular carcinoma. The significantly (P < 0.05) higher incidence of P-gly in diploid tumors indicate that expression of this phenotype might be related to the differentiation of the tumor. P-gly was overexpressed in AFP producing gastric carcinoma and the existing drug resistance, frequent recurrence, and poor prognosis might be explained by presence of P-gly in this carcinoma.
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PMID:Overexpression of P-glycoprotein in untreated AFP-producing gastric carcinoma. 754 56

Distinguishing primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinomas to the liver is often difficult, if not impossible, particularly in needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration specimens. In an attempt to identify a specific immunohistochemical profile that would distinguish HCC from metastatic carcinomas, we studied 56 HCCs, 8 cholangiocarcinomas, and 24 metastatic adenocarcinomas with monoclonal antibodies to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), keratin (AE1, AE3, and CAM5.2), Leu-M1, human milk fat globule (HMFG-2), tumor-associated glycoprotein-72(B72.3), epithelial specific membrane antigen (Ber-EP4), and BCA-225 (CU-18). Both monoclonal and polyclonal (mCEA and pCEA) antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen also were used. Metastatic adenocarcinomas were often positive for CU-18(71%), Leu-M1 (75%), B72.3 (50%), HMFG-2 (67%), Ber-EP4(83%) and mCEA(71%). Using these antibodies, the frequency of positivity for HCC was 9%, 16%, 11%, 20%, 36%, and 11%, respectively. CU-18 was the only monoclonal antibody in which there was a significant difference in positive rates between HCC and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Most HCCs (71%) revealed a bile canalicular staining pattern with pCEA. Because this staining pattern was absent in metastatic carcinomas, pCEA appears to be useful in confirming a diagnosis of HCC. AE1, AE3 and CAM5.2 antibodies were not useful in distinguishing HCC from metastatic carcinomas. Each cholangiocarcinoma shared a staining profile similar to that of metastatic carcinomas.
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PMID:Comparative immunohistochemical study of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver. 768 84

Clinicoradiological features were studied in 20 patients with 22 mass lesions of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinomas and findings of computed tomography in 12 of these patients with 14 hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas. Five of these patients also had single overt hepatocellular carcinomas. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma was 3.3% among the patients with primary liver cancer treated in our hospital. HBsAg was present in 25%, and increased levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (> 200 ng/ml) and carcinoembryonic antigen (> 5 ng/ml) were found in 25% and in 47%, respectively. Associated cirrhosis was present in 60%. Analysis of 14 hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas in 12 patients in whom the enhancement pattern on dynamic computed tomography and pathological findings could be studied and compared suggested three tumor types. Nine lesions (type A) were demonstrated only as areas with high-density peripheries in the early phase of enhancement that evolved into a pattern of peripheral low density and central high density in the late phase. Four masses (type B) were shown as hyperdense tumors (early phase) that changed to low density in the late phase. One mass (type C) was seen as a low-density lesion that did not change. Histopathologically, type A comprised hepatocellular carcinoma-predominant components in the peripheral area, cholangiocarcinoma-predominant components with abundant fibrous stroma in the central area and a tissue transitional between the two in the midzone. By contrast, two of four type B masses comprised hepatocellular carcinoma with scattered cholangiocarcinoma components throughout the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: clinical features and computed tomographic findings. 769 72

The rat liver ectoATPase has reportedly been cloned. The cDNA, a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, was shown to increase aggregation of transfected cells, but ATPase activity was not evaluated. Using this cDNA as a probe to clone the mercurial-insensitive ectoATPase (MI-ectoATPase) of human hepatoma Li-7A cells, the cDNA obtained was that of CEA which has no ATPase activity. The probe also did not detect increased transcription when MI-ectoATPase activity was induced in Li-7A cells. It is concluded that the "rat liver ectoATPase cDNA" codes for a cell adhesion molecule but does not code for an ectoATPase. It was also discovered that expression of four CEA transcripts in Li-7A cells was markedly stimulated by a single growth modulator, EGF, and was further stimulated by a cAMP elevating agent, cholera toxin.
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PMID:The rat liver ecto-ATPase/C-CAM cDNA detects induction of carcinoembryonic antigen but not the mercurial-insensitive ecto-ATPase in human hepatoma Li-7A cells treated by epidermal growth factor and cholera toxin. 786 39


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