Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocellular carcinomas exhibit a unique canalicular immunocytochemical staining pattern with polyclonal antibodies directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA). The use of this method to facilitate a definitive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma on fine needle aspirates of the liver was evaluated using aspirates and the corresponding core biopsy samples from nine cases. Immunoperoxidase staining with pCEA produced an identical canalicular staining pattern in 6 (66%) of 9 aspirates and 6 (75%) of 8 biopsy samples. The negative results in three aspirates may be due to their lack of the tissue fragments necessary to show this staining pattern. These findings indicate that the expression of this unique immunocytochemical staining pattern may aid in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen in hepatocellular carcinomas. 185 57

Staining for amino acid naphthylamidase and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was examined as an ancillary technique to improve the accuracy of differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma to the liver in fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens. Twenty-four cases of FNA specimens from the liver, in which air-dried smears and/or cell blocks were available, were examined. Naphthylamidase-positive bile canalicular structures were present in 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and absent in 8 cases of metastatic carcinoma studied. Ninety percent of the hepatocellular carcinomas were immunoreactive with the antibody to CEA, showing a predominantly bile canalicular pattern. Ninety percent of the cases of metastatic carcinoma were positive with the antibody to CEA, showing a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. These findings indicate that both staining techniques may be useful in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma. Since the naphthylamidase stain requires air-dried smears, which may not be available, whereas immunocytochemistry can be done on fixed material, the latter technique is more practical.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma versus carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Value of stains for carcinoembryonic antigen and naphthylamidase in fine needle aspiration biopsy material. 215 22

A 36 years old man with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis therapy presented with a hepatic mass which was diagnosed by ultrasonography, and was admitted to our hospital. Computer tomography and hepatic angiography revealed hepatocellular carcinoma of the right anterior superior segment of the liver. His liver function test, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the serum were within the normal range. HBs antigen was also negative. Resection of right antero-superior segment was done following transcatheter arterial embolization. The tumor was homogeneous and light yellowish in color, and well demarcated by the capsule. Nontumorous tissue did not show either fibrosis or any inflammatory reaction. In general, hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a positive HBs antigen and altered liver function. We here report a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a man who was undergoing haemodialysis treatment for chronic renal failure with normal liver function test and negative HBs antigen.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis]. 216 94

Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) immunoreactivity was localized in normal and neoplastic human tissues using a monoclonal antibody to 55, 90 and 95 kDa molecules of NCA. This was compared to the localization of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as demonstrated by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In frozen sections, CEA was localized in normal surface epithelium of the stomach and colon where NCA was only weakly detected. Type 1 and type 2-like pneumocytes were positive for NCA, while CEA was localized only in type 2-like pneumocytes. CEA and NCA were both demonstrated in ductal cells of frozen pancreatobiliary and mammary tissues. The antigenicity of CEA and NCA in normal tissues was significantly lost after paraffin embedding as compared to frozen sections. NCA was consistently demonstrated in eccrine sweat glands embedded in paraffin. In various tumor tissues, CEA and NCA were colocalized and expression increased sufficiently to be detected in paraffin sections. Adenocarcinomas of the stomach and colon and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas, as well as neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and thyroid, showed a CEA predominance over NCA. In ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and breast and in cholangiocarcinoma, NCA reactivity was greater than CEA. Keratinizing foci of most squamous cell carcinomas of mucosal origin and some adenocarcinomas equally expressed both. Hepatocellular carcinoma, lobular mammary carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma were positive only with unabsorbed polyclonal antibody which widely recognizes CEA-related substances. Renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinomas, choriocarcinoma and basal cell carcinomas showed little or no immunoreactivity. Hence the relative ratio of CEA/NCA expression in tumors was dependent on the tissue of origin and histologic type. The cytoplasmic granular staining of NCA in cancer cells was a noteworthy difference from the plasma membrane-associated localization of CEA.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen in normal and neoplastic human tissues using a monoclonal antibody. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen localization. 218 20

Hepatitis B virus genome-transfected HepG2 cells (2.2.15 cells) inoculated into nude mice produced tumors within 2-8 wk. Dane particles, hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis B e antigen were detected in the serum, and 36% of mice developed antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. In the tumors, hepatitis B surface, core, and e antigens were observed by electron microscopy and immunoenzymatic techniques. In-situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis showed hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid in the tumor. Tumors could be propagated by injection of minced tumor tissue or of a tumor-derived cell line. Liver of tumor-bearing mice as well as sera and tissues of mice inoculated with control cell lines did not show hepatitis B virus genome or viral markers. Tumors induced by both 2.2.15 and nontransfected HepG2 cells exhibited myc oncogene protein and various hepatoma-associated antigens (alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin), suggesting that viral formation does not interfere with expression of these antigens. This experimental model will be helpful to study the effect of drugs on in-vivo hepatitis B virus replication and viral antigen expression.
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PMID:A nude mouse model for the in vivo production of hepatitis B virus. 229 3

Biliary glycoprotein I (BGP I) is a member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family consisting of at least 11 related genes. The transcription of BGP I gene was analysed in malignant and non-malignant human liver tissues with a 396-bp 3'-untranslated region probe from a cDNA clone 4-13 which was newly isolated from an adult human colon cDNA library. Among 21 tissue samples from 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 16 samples were clearly shown to express a single 3.9-kb message. This message was also found in the hepatoma cell line HuH-7. When the malignant tissues were compared to the non-malignant ones for the intensity of the band, no significant difference was observed. mRNAs of CEA and non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) were not detected in 5 samples which were shown to have the message of the BGP I gene. These data suggest that the human hepatocyte and its malignant transformant produce BGP I, and that this could correspond to the cross-reacting antigen previously detected in the liver.
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PMID:Transcription of biliary glycoprotein I gene in malignant and non-malignant human liver tissues. 233 90

The presence of specific gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase isoenzyme (gamma-GTPI) and variant alkaline phosphatase (VAALP) were concurrently determined, and levels of basic fetoprotein (BFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in addition to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were measured in 144 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of these tumor markers with respect to AFP-low or -negative patients and the tumor stage. Serum AFP levels below 400 ng/ml, commonly seen in sera of hepatobiliary diseases other than HCC, were noted in 42% of the patients. The diagnostic usefulness was increased by combination assay of these markers except for CEA. A definitive diagnosis of HCC could be made in 78% of the patients by a combination of gamma-GTPI, VAALP and AFP. Moreover, a diagnosis of malignancy could be made in 87% of cases by the inclusion of BFP. The prevalence of BFP and CEA increased in proportion to the tumor stage, whereas that of AFP and gamma-GTPI were independent of stage and were high even in patients in comparatively early stages. Furthermore, secreting type markers such as AFP and gamma-GTPI were relatively useful for diagnosis of HCC when the lesions were still small.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein -low or -negative patients. 241 27

Paraffin sections of livers from 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were examined by a method using peroxidase antiperoxidase for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and ferritin. Ferritin was detected in 70% of the cases, alpha-fetoprotein was in 50% and carcinoembryonic antigen in 30%. The incidence of the detection of these antigens was in accordance with the incidence of these antigens in the sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, these antigens were mainly expressed in the well differentiated type of hepatocellular carcinoma by the Edmondson's criteria. Our results also revealed that different antigens were usually present in different tumor cells, although some cells displayed two or more antigens simultaneously. These findings suggest that hepatocellular carcinoma cells are functionally heterogeneous, even if they appear histologically monomorphic.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and ferritin in formalin-paraffin sections from hepatocellular carcinoma. 241 56

A human hepatoma cell line, associated with thorotrast exposure, from an hepatitis B marker-negative patient was established as a permanent cell line (Mz-Hep-1) in tissue culture. Histology of the primary tumor, as well as phase contrast, transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the cultured cells showed typical characteristics of liver cells. Mz-Hep-1 cells secreted complement components (C2, C3, C4), carcinoembryonic antigen, lactate dehydrogenase, chymotrypsin, haptoglobin and retinol-binding protein and expressed HLA-, transferrin-, blood group B-related determinants and complement component C5 and carcinoembryonic antigen on their cell surface. Mz-Hep-1 cells represent the first human hepatoma cell line, which is strongly associated with a carcinogen.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma after thorotrast exposure: establishment of a new cell line (Mz-Hep-1). 241 35

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showing marked elevation of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (maximum; 70942.0 ng/ml at the end stage) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)(maximum; 7368.4 ng/ml at the end stage) was surgically resected. In the resected liver, there were two different tumor nodules which were adjacent to each other but clearly separated by a thin connective tissue. One of the nodules was a well differentiated and the other was poorly differentiated HCC. Immunoperoxidase study revealed that both CEA and AFP were localized in the tumor cells of the poorly differentiated HCC. This is the first report which clearly proved CEA synthesis in the cells of HCC. Serial staining showed that there was simultaneous synthesis of CEA and AFP in some of the tumor cells.
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PMID:Alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen producing hepatocellular carcinoma. A case report studied by immunohistochemistry. 241 87


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