Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD) were determined in liver biopsy specimens and sera of patients with various liver diseases. Mitochondrial and cytosol isozymes of GOT were also separated for their assay. The activity ratio of GOT/GPT in serum was found to reflect the ratio in liver cytosol. The increased ratio in advanced or severe liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, was due to the greater decrease in liver cytosol GPT activity, this being pronounced in primary hepatoma. The activity of GLD decreased similarly but less markedly. The relatively greater decrease in GPT compared with GOT in advanced liver diseases was not mainly due to leakage of the enzyme from the liver, but to a specific mechanism associated with hepatic injury or its progression. Other pathological conditions of the liver such as those in obstructive jaundice and alcoholic liver injury also appeared to result in reduced liver GPT activity, which was reflected in the serum as an increased GOT/GPT ratio.
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PMID:The mechanism of release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. II. Altered activity ratios of GOT to GPT in serum and liver of patients with liver diseases. 16 Jan 82

A 67-year old male, who presented a clinical picture of obstructive jaundice with cholangitis, was found to have hepatoma tumor embolus blocking the common duct. The site of invasion was the right hepatic duct. There are 15 such cases reported in the literature. Hepatoma rarely presents with obstructive jaundice. A clinical picture of biliary colic or cholangitis is frequently misleading. Invasion of a hepatic duct large enough to allow formation of a tumor embolus implies tumor close to the bifurcation of right and left hepatic ducts and has precluded effective surgical treatment in all but one case.
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PMID:Obstructive jaundice secondary to hepatoma. Case report and literature review. 19 71

A cholestatic syndrome secondary to extrahepatic biliary obstruction as the presenting manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma is described in three cases. The mechanism is related to the invasion of intrahepatic bile ducts by the carcinoma. The consequent mechanical obstruction is due to either a continuous distally growing tumor cast of the biliary tree, distal migration of a necrotic tumor fragment, or hemobilia. In the cirrhotic patient with a predisposition for the development of liver cancer, the physician should be aware of the presentation with obstructive jaundice as a mechanical complication of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma. Report of three cases. 21 Jun 57

Direct cholangiography revealed 6 cases of hepatoma where tumor growth within the bile ducts caused obstructive jaundice. Characteristic features included bulky obstructing intraluminal masses in the proximal extrahepatic ducts. Distal common duct defects usually signify hemobilia and clots as tumor complication. Review of the literature disclosed only 22 cases in which common duct involvement was a predominant clinical feature. Hepatoma should be included in the different diagnosis of a cholangiographic filling defect in the proximal extrahepatic bile ducts. The recent widespread use of endoscopic and fine needle transhepatic cholangiography should aid in preoperative diagnosis.
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PMID:Bile duct obstruction in hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma)--clinical and cholangiographic characteristics. Report of 6 cases and review of the literature. 21 14

Obstructive jaundice, pruritus, and malabsorption developed in twin brothers in infancy. Early liver biopsy specimens showed intracellular and canalicular cholestasis with normal bile ducts. By the age of 3 years, both had cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Each died during the teen years from hepatocellular carcinoma. These brothers represent the tenth reported family with familial cholestatic cirrhosis, and they are the first patients with this syndrome in whom hepatoma developed.
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PMID:Hepatoma in familial cholestatic cirrhosis of childhood: its occurrence in twin brothers. 21 1

A 51-year-old man underwent extended right lobectomy for hepatoma of the right lobe with obstructive jaundice due to migration of the tumor mass in the common and bilateral hepatic ducts. Severe jaundice amounting to 32.6 mg% and suppurative cholangitis were relieved by drainage through the cannulation into the hepatic ducts of the bilateral lobes. Although hepatoma was combined with liver cirrhosis, the patient could tolerate extended right lobectomy. The patient is doing relatively well without jaundice 2 years after operation, but a recurrent tumor appeared on the celiac angiogram taken 1 year and 6 months following operation. This is the fourth report on hepatic resection of such cases, and difficult problems involved with that procedure are presented and discussed.
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PMID:Hepatoma with obstructive jaundice due to the migration of a tumor mass in the biliary tract: report of a successful resection. 21 57

Occurrence of fever in a patient with liver cirrhosis should suggest the following: 1. Endotoxemia. Endotoxins are normally present in portal blood; in hepatic cirrhosis they are insufficiently cleared by the liver and their presence can be demonstrated in the systemic circulation by the "limulus test". Fever is one of the many consequences ascribed to the presence of endotoxins in the blood. 2. Infections. Cirrhosis and alcoholism (which often accompanies it) impair host defenses against bacteria and other organisms. Thus, infections are actually more frequent in hepatic cirrhosis as is shown by the example of bacterial endocarditis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis must be searched for carefully when ascites is present. 3. Alcoholic hepatitis. This diagnosis is established histologically. The usual symptoms, occurring with variable incidence, include anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and jaundice in the presence of hepatomegaly, leukocytosis and an elevated SGOT. Differential diagnosis from obstructive jaundice and a severe prognosis without alcohol abstinence make early diagnosis mandatory. Its evolution in cirrhosis can be astonishingly rapid. In the absence of hepatic encephalopathy, corticosteroids do not appear to be recommended. 4. Hepatoma.
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PMID:[Fever and liver cirrhosis]. 22 38

CT can clearly demonstrate dilation of intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts due to mechanical obstruction. Note is made that the intrahepatic bile must not necessarily participate in dilation in obstructive jaundice. The cause in 27 cases observed in our institutions was as follows: 16 pancreatic tumors; 1 stone; 2 extrahepatic bile duct obstructions; 4 liver lesions (tumor and cirrhosis) and 4 with cause unknown. Furthermore, CT is helpful in the evaluation of hepatogenic non-obstructive jaundice such as due to primary liver cell carcinoma (hepatoma), metastases to the liver and advanced cirrhosis of the liver. The value of CT in the evaluation of different types of cholestasis is demonstrated by several exemplary cases; and the problems of differential diagnosis are pointed out.
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PMID:[Computerized tomography in the evaluation (author's transl)]. 22 56

Cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma, which grows into the bile duct and causes obstructive jaundice, is rare and difficult to diagnose. A case is presented in which cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by deposit of Lipiodol. This is also the first case that was successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and transcatheter arterial embolization.
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PMID:Cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by deposits of Lipiodol and treated by combination of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and transcatheter arterial embolization. 131 68

Three cases are presented with unusual causes of obstructive jaundice diagnosed on abdominal CT in children under the age of 15 years. All the cases were initially examined by ultrasound which was inconclusive. CT studies were subsequently performed were diagnostic. These cases included hepatocellular carcinoma, a common bile duct web and duodenal hematoma. The first two cases were surgically confirmed, while the third case was proved by clinical follow-up.
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PMID:Unusual causes of obstructive jaundice in children: diagnosis on CT. 133 1


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