Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of partial hepatic ischemia (32%) prior to partial hepatectomy (68%) has been studied in the rat. 3H-thymidine incorporation into the hepatic DNA was significantly suppressed in both 20 min and 30 min ischemia depressed the survival following partial hepatectomy (p less than 0.001). Three cases of ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas were treated: one case by emergency hepatectomy, and two cases by hepatectomy following TAE. Hepatic insufficiency and post-operative death occurred to only the case given an emergency hepatectomy. Thus, it is felt that a ruptured hepatoma should first be treated by TAE and then surgically resected.
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PMID:[Influence of hepatic ischemia on liver regeneration following hepatectomy, with special reference to the therapeutic choice for ruptured hepatoma]. 254 49

We investigated the incidence and endoscopic features of gastroduodenal lesions which appeared after transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE), performed 29 times in 25 patients with inoperative hepatocellular carcinoma. The new development or exacerbation of the gastroduodenal lesions after TACE was evident in 13 of the 29 (45%). The side of the lesions ranged from the gastric body to the second portion of the duodenum, and the lesions that developed were multiple ulcers in four, and multiple erosions with white coat in nine. The development of these gastroduodenal lesions may be due to mucosal ischemia caused by embolic materials, the toxic effect of antineoplastic drugs infuse, or to stress. In light of these events, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy should be added to the usual examinations done for patients undergoing TACE.
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PMID:Gastroduodenal lesions after transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 283 79

A 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of back pain and right hypochondrial pain. Ultrasonography and celiac angiography revealed a large tumor sized 9.4 X 8.1 cm. The tumor appeared hypervascular on angiogram. During the second angiography, an attempt at superselective hepatic angiography for the purpose of infusing a combination of Adriamycin and Lipiodol, spasm of the celiac artery occurred. High fever continued for 11 days after the spasm and serum transaminase was elevated. At the third angiography, the nature of the tumor was seen to have changed remarkably to one of hypovascularity. Percutaneous transhepatic tumor biopsy was done. Pathological diagnosis was necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to heart disorders, ligation of the right hepatic artery was performed instead of hepatic resection. Postoperatively, the size of the tumor decreased further. It is thought that this patient had a tendency to suffer from vasospasm and that the tumor had a relatively low resistance to ischemia.
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PMID:[A case of necrosis of a hepatocellular carcinoma, caused by spasm of the celiac artery]. 303 94

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed which achieved a separation and quantitation of 20 biologically important nucleosides and bases. The concentrations of pyrimidine nucleosides and bases, namely deoxycytidine, cytosine, cytidine, uracil, and uridine (22.6, 10.1, 5.2, 2.9, and 2.4 nmol/ml, respectively) were high in plasma, whereas purine nucleosides and bases were present in concentrations less than 2.5 nmol/ml. In erythrocytes, the pools of xanthine, hypoxanthine, and xanthosine were 32-, 27-, and 22-fold larger, respectively, whereas cytidine, uridine, and deoxycytidine were only 21, 12, and 5% of plasma concentrations. The results suggest a compartmental system for transport of some of the purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and bases in the whole blood. Studies on the effect of ischemia on nucleoside and base pools in rat liver indicated marked increases within 30 s in the concentrations of adenine, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, and xanthine, whereas in hepatoma the effects were less pronounced. By 2 and 5 min ischemia these perturbations were most marked in both liver and hepatoma. These results indicate a need for rapid freeze-clamp preparation of tissue samples to obtain precise and repeatable results in the determination of tissue nucleoside and nucleobase concentrations.
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PMID:Effect of ischemia on nucleosides and bases in rat liver and hepatoma 3924A. 358 Oct 61

This paper discussed the significance of the activities of purine and pyrimidine salvage enzymes in cancer cells and the targeting against them of chemotherapy. 1. The activities of salvage enzymes in the rat liver were orders of magnitude higher than those of the rate-limiting enzymes of de novo biosynthesis. A similar relationship was observed in rat hepatomas of different growth rates and in primary colon carcinoma in human. 2. The concentrations of nucleosides and nucleobases were measured in plasma, liver and hepatoma 3924A in the rat. The freeze-clamp method was required to determine the concentrations of these precursors in rat liver and hepatoma in a reliable and precise fashion because ischemia markedly altered the concentrations of nucleosides, nucleobases and, as shown earlier, nucleotides in these tissues. The results indicated that the liver markedly concentrated the purine precursors, hypoxanthine, guanine and adenine, but not thymidine, which was one-third that of the plasma. Uridine and deoxycytidine occurred in the same concentration as in plasma, but cytidine was 3-fold higher in liver. In the hepatoma in comparison to the liver the concentrations of the nucleosides and bases were altered and for some of the changes the enzymic differences between liver and hepatoma appeared to be accountable. 3. Kinetic parameters for purine and pyrimidine synthetic enzymes and for the substrates and co-factors were determined in liver and hepatoma 3924A. When enzymic activities were calculated at the tissue steady-state concentrations of the various ligands, the activities of the salvage enzymes were markedly higher than those of the rate-limiting enzymes. 4. Hepatoma cells were highly sensitive to the action of the transport inhibitor, dipyridamole, in lag and log phases. However, plateau phase cells lost their sensitivity to dipyridamole. 5. Amphotericin B rendered plateau phase cells sensitive to the inhibitory action of dipyridamole for the incorporation of thymidine. 6. Amphotericin B enhanced cytotoxicity of dipyridamole in hepatoma and human colon cancer HT-29 cells. 7. In these studies we discovered the decreased responsiveness to dipyridamole of plateau phase cells and the ability of amphotericin B to restore the sensitivity. Moreover, dipyridamole and amphotericin B were synergistic in their cytotoxic action in rat hepatoma cells and human colon cancer cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Salvage pathways as targets of chemotherapy. 367 9

Fourteen patients with diffuse tumors of the liver were treated with temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery (HA) by an external tourniquet followed by infusion and systemic chemotherapy. Three patients had primary neoplasms (one hepatocarcinoma and two cholangiocarcinomas) and eleven had metastatic disease (nine from carcinoma of the colon and rectum, one from retroperitoneal liposarcoma, and one from pulmonary small cell cancer). Infusion chemotherapy in all patients was based on 5-FU, Mitomycin and Vincristine. Systemic chemotherapy was FIVB in metastatic carcinoma and Adriamycin in primary liver tumors. All patients showed improvement of the performance status according to the Karnofsky Index. Objective response (OR) was present in 54% of cases. At present, median survival time in 12.5 months. Aggressive treatment combining hepatic ischemia with infusion and systemic polychemotherapy seems to provide an effective method of palliation in diffuse tumors of the liver. Delayed occlusion by an external tourniquet appears safer than intraoperative ligation of the HA.
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PMID:Temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery plus infusion and systemic chemotherapy for inoperable cancer of the liver. 616 63

Tissue contents of NADPH and NADP+ were measured in freeze-clamped samples of normal rat liver and in four transplantable rat hepatomas covering a wide range of growth rates. Lowry cycling procedures were employed for analysis, using alkaline extracts for NADPH and acid extracts for NADP+. The mean NADPH content in 33 normal livers was 515 nmol/g wet weight, and mean NADP+ content was 311 nmol/g wet weight. In the four hepatomas, the amounts of both NADPH and NADP+ were low, and the extent of decrease correlated with tumor growth rate. In the slowly growing hepatoma 9618A, total NADP was slightly decreased (63% control) and more extensive decreases were observed in the medium growth rate tumors 47C and 8999 (38% and 19%, respectively, of control). In the rapidly growing hepatoma 3924A, total NADP was drastically decreased to 3% of the control liver value. Measurement of NADPH and NADP+ recovery from extracts of hepatoma 3924A showed that there were no inhibitors that might have blocked the activity of the assay enzymes. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio was close to the normal liver value in all four hepatomas. A 30-sec period of ischemia did not cause significant change in NADPH, but gave 33% decrease in liver NADP+. A 5-min period of ischemia decreased NADP+ to 50% of the zero-time value in liver, and to 71% in hepatoma 3924A, but was without effect on NADPH.
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PMID:Decreased content of reduced and oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate in rat hepatomas. 715 Oct 32

A remarkable progress was made in the palliative treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma using transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAC). The combination of doxorubicin as cytotoxic drug and of Lipiodol as carrier, which is selectively accumulated within the tumors is an effective treatment. Prolonged survival has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. In a prospective trial the effect of regional TAC with temporary ischemia of the liver was evaluated concerning liver function, systemic reactions and tumor response. Temporary ischemia of the liver was well tolerated even in patients with liver cirrhosis. Revascularization of the liver after TAC was observed in all cases. Systemic side effects of the cytotoxic drug were mild. In patients with Child C cirrhosis or tumor volume of more than 60% of the liver no impact of the treatment on the survival time was observed. In the entire patient group a survival rate of 70% after 15 months was achieved.
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PMID:[Chemoembolization in primary liver cell carcinoma. Results of a prospective study]. 753 59

Hepatic malignancy accounts for a large number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radiologic evaluation of the liver is critically important in the selection of patients for surgical treatment and newer modalities including computed tomographic arterial portography and intraoperative sonography show promise in the detection of small lesions. Advances in our understanding of the segmental anatomy of the liver, studies of intraoperative hepatic ischemia, and improved care of patients following major hepatic resections have extended the limits of surgical treatment of liver lesions, especially in cirrhotic patients with limited functional reserve. Along with hepatitis B, new data suggest that hepatitis C is also important as an agent causing hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in aflatoxin-induced hepatoma. In endemic regions, mass screening for early hepatocellular carcinoma appears to increase the surgical cure rate. Resectional surgery remains the best treatment for primary liver cancer and, in selected cases, liver transplantation is worthwhile. Liver resection for some patients with metastases of colorectal origin is now considered standard therapy and studies of regional chemotherapy for liver cancer are beginning to show promise. It remains to be seen whether adjuvant chemotherapy after liver resection will increase cure rates.
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PMID:Primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. 758 84

The mechanisms behind tumour regression during ischaemic therapy of liver malignancy are not thoroughly elucidated. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury and release of free radicals is one mechanism suggested. The aim of the present study was to explore whether inhibition of hydroxyl radicals, by complex binding Fe with desferrioxamine (DFO), counteracted the retardation in tumour growth rate after HAL and whether DFO in itself had an effect on tumour growth in 2 experimental rat liver tumours. Rats with a hepatoma or an adenocarcinoma were subjected to HAL or to a sham procedure with or without additional injections of DFO daily for 2 or 7 days. HAL had an inhibitory effect on tumour growth rate. The effect of HAL was not counteracted by DFO, while DFO alone caused a decrease in tumour volume. There was an additive effect of DFO and HAL on tumour growth rate in both tumour systems. In vitro there was a growth inhibitory effect of DFO in both tumours, more pronounced in the hepatoma than in the adenocarcinoma. Our findings indicate that the effect of HAL is not mediated by release of oxygen free radicals. In the adenocarcinoma system, an additive effect of DFO and HAL was seen. As a rate-limiting enzyme for DNA synthesis is dependent on iron, depletion of iron can decrease mitotic activity, a mechanism that could explain the effect of DFO on tumour growth.
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PMID:Influence of hepatic artery occlusion and desferrioxamine on liver-tumour growth. 759 Dec 71


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