Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Significant liver disease including fatty metamorphosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma occur in two thirds of subjects who consume alcoholic beverages in sufficient quantities to interfere with work and social responsibilities; this is of major importance in the rapidly escalating morbidity and mortality from alcoholism. Chronic alcoholics should be routinely evaluated for the presence of altered liver function and structure. Clearance of indocyanine green using dichromatic ear densitometry and computer and analysis provides a simple and sensitive method for mass screening of such patients. Clinical studies of lymphocyte reactivity to purified alcoholic hyaline may be valuable in recognizing alcoholic hepatitis, the precursor of cirrhosis. Ethanol toxicity, malnutrition and constitutional factors contribute to the development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in alcoholics. Ethanol and/or acetaldehyde and the supernatant from lymphocytes stimulated by alcoholic hyaline cause a significant increase in the incorporation of proline into collagen of the damaged liver. Abstinence and correction of nutrient deficits are the cornerstones of treatment for alcoholic liver disease; a daily meal and dietary supplements should be provided for those with liver injury who continue to imbibe. Alcoholics with progressive liver disease despite supportive therapy may be aided by pharmacologic agents which suppress immunologic response and reduce fibrogenesis.
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PMID:Liver disease of the alcoholic. 16 41

Consecutive liver biopsies in a large general hospital for Blacks over the period 1959 - 1960 were compared with those in the 2-year period 1975 - 1976. Changes were noted in the histological appearances of micronodular cirrhosis. With the liberalization of the liquor laws and the granting of access to hard liquor to Blacks, fatty change, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic hyalin and alcoholic cirrhosis are making their appearance in the micronodular cirrhosis of the South African Blacks, features which were never observed when alcohol consumption was confined to homebrewed beverages containing large quantities of iron derived from the metallic containers in which liquor is brewed. No change in the histological picture or incidence of macronodular cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was observed.
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PMID:The changing pattern of liver disease in South African Blacks. 20 77

Sera of 173 patients with various forms of liver disease along with serum precipitates produced by polyethylene glycol were screened for the presence of a microsomal antigen referred to as ubiquitous tissue antigen (UTA) and its antibody by double diffusion precipitation in agarose gel. UTA was detected in 7 or 26 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 1 of 5 with alcoholic hepatitis, 2 of 14 with alcoholic cirrhosis and 18 of 98 with hepatoma. Antibodies to UTA were found only in 2 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 1 with alcoholic cirrhosis and 1 with hepatoma. No UTA or its antibody were noted in sera of 5 patients with alcoholic fatty liver, 10 patients with hepatitis B, and 15 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. Positivity for the UTA or its antibody was restricted to severe, chronic cases irrespective of diagnosis, indicating that persistent tissue destruction might be necessary for antigen release or antibody formation.
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PMID:Detection of a microsomal antigen and its antibody in human liver diseases. 22 26

Occurrence of fever in a patient with liver cirrhosis should suggest the following: 1. Endotoxemia. Endotoxins are normally present in portal blood; in hepatic cirrhosis they are insufficiently cleared by the liver and their presence can be demonstrated in the systemic circulation by the "limulus test". Fever is one of the many consequences ascribed to the presence of endotoxins in the blood. 2. Infections. Cirrhosis and alcoholism (which often accompanies it) impair host defenses against bacteria and other organisms. Thus, infections are actually more frequent in hepatic cirrhosis as is shown by the example of bacterial endocarditis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis must be searched for carefully when ascites is present. 3. Alcoholic hepatitis. This diagnosis is established histologically. The usual symptoms, occurring with variable incidence, include anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, fever and jaundice in the presence of hepatomegaly, leukocytosis and an elevated SGOT. Differential diagnosis from obstructive jaundice and a severe prognosis without alcohol abstinence make early diagnosis mandatory. Its evolution in cirrhosis can be astonishingly rapid. In the absence of hepatic encephalopathy, corticosteroids do not appear to be recommended. 4. Hepatoma.
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PMID:[Fever and liver cirrhosis]. 22 38

The various factors are reviewed which may contribute to the appearance of jaundice in patients with cirrhosis. During the prehepatic phase, hemolysis, spenomegaly and a drop in coagulation factors constitute the main physiopathological mechanisms, whereas intrahepatic cholestasis, alcoholic hepatitis, hepatoma and terminal hepatic insufficiency are the principal mechanisms cited for the hepatic stage. In the posthepatic stage, attention is drawn to the increased frequency of lithiasis in cirrhotic patients and the choledochal lesions seen in chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Icterus and cirrhosis: physiopathology]. 22 39

This study is based on an analysis of 1839 consecutive necropsies. Liver diseases are common in Singapore. Of particular importance are cholelithiasis, cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver. Gallstones are mainly of the pigment variety and a significant proportion are present in the bile ducts. The multiracial composition of the population is reflected in a difference in the pattern of liver diseases among the different ethnic groups. Indians are found to have more alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis which are often of the micronodular type, while the Chinese have significantly more macronodular cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clonorchiasis and schistosomiasis are confined to the immigrant Chinese. The pattern of liver diseases is changing. Cholangitis and cholangitic abscesses as a result of cholelithiasis are becoming more common while amoebic abscesses and hepatic ascariasis are definitely on the decline. This is attributable to improved sanitary conditions.
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PMID:The pattern of liver diseases in Singapore. An autopsy study. 22 47

Thirty patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, ascitic during 13.6 +/- 13 months (mean +/- S.D.) were cured of ascites and followed up during 2 to 9 years (4.3 +/- 2.7 years). Twenty six were compared with a same number of cirrhotics, matched for age and sex, who died during the year after the first admission. Many biological data show statistical difference. Nevertheless no valuable prognosis can be predicted in an individual case. The clinical improvement is associated with major, sometimes total biological recovery. Other complications of cirrhosis (gastro-intestinal bleeding, hepatoma) may occur (7 cases with 5 deaths) or alcoholic hepatitis if alcohol withdrawal is stopped (3 cases, 2 deaths). Some associated diseases look unexpectedly frequent: diabetes (4 cases), obesity (9), nodular lipomatosis (14 cases) whose frequency looks higher than that can be calculated for a similar group of healthy subjects.
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PMID:[Recovery after treatment for cirrhotic ascites : a study of 90 cases. Frequency of arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. 49 44

Acute alcoholic hepatitis is an anatomical (fatty liver with sclerosing hyaline necrosis) and a clinical (hepatomegaly with a variety of symptoms of hepatic failure) entity arising out of chronic alcoholism, and of a typically 'pre-cirrhotic' state. Although fatal in 25% of acute cases due to failure of homeostasis, it often leaves a centrilobular scarring necrosis which in more than 60% of cases progresses to nodular cirrhosis. Continued alcoholism worsens the prognosis. Alcoholic hepatitis may be confused with acute abdominal catastrophes or with a hepatoma. The characteristic Mallory bodies found on liver biopsy are found rarely in non-alcoholic hepatitis. There is no effective treatment for this disease except reduction of alcohol intake; indeed, the disease may become self-perpetuating.
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PMID:[Acute alcoholic hepatitis]. 92 58

Alcoholism is the most common form of drug abuse and alcoholic liver disease is a major health problem which in terms of increasing incidence is only rivaled by viral hepatitis. Cirrhosis of the liver, most of which is probably alcoholic, is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality between the ages of 25 to 65 in Western countries. Alcoholic liver disease includes adaptive and toxic ultrastructural alterations, alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, later accompanied by hepatoma.
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PMID:[Biochemical and clinical aspects of alcoholic liver damage]. 100 21

To investigate the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in heavy drinkers with liver disease in Japan, we tested serum samples from 113 heavy drinkers with liver disease and 121 without liver disease. All were negative for HBsAg with no history of blood transfusion. These subjects had consumed more than 80 g of ethanol daily for 5 years or more. Findings for anti-HCV determined by recombinant immunoblot assay testing were positive in 14 (35.9%) of the 39 patients with liver cirrhosis, 14 (58.3%) of the 24 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in 8 (53.3%) of the 15 patients with chronic hepatitis. The anti-HCV positive rate in the drinkers with these liver diseases was significantly higher than in those with such disorders as fatty liver (0/10), hepatic fibrosis (0/22), and alcoholic hepatitis (0/3), as well as in the alcoholics without liver disease (5/121, 4.2%). Considering histologic findings in the anti-HCV positive cirrhotics, the occurrence of lymph follicle formation (71.4%), piecemeal necrosis (78.6%) and loose fibrosis (64.3%) were observed to a significantly higher extent than in cirrhotics who were negative for anti-HCV. These findings suggest that advanced chronic liver disease among heavy drinkers in Japan, especially of hepatocellular carcinoma, is closely associated with HCV infection. In the livers of heavy drinkers who were positive for anti-HCV, histologic findings indicated the possibility of viral infection.
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PMID:High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in heavy drinkers with chronic liver diseases in Japan. 131 67


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