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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty five small hepatocellular carcinoma less than 5 cm in diameter among 41 patients were examined by linear arrayed electronic scanning system with 3.5 MHz transducer. Characteristics of the sonogram were enhanced posterior echoes of the tumor, mosaic pattern of internal echoes, halo and lateral shadows. These findings are appeared in 69%, 64%, 35% and 22% of tumors respectively. Among 45 tumors from 2.1 cm to 5 cm in diameter, these findings are appeared in 81%, 73%, 40% and 24% respectively. Among 10 tumors less than 2 cm in diameter, these characteristics were rare and these minimal hepatocellular carcinomas were demonstrated as a simple low echo area. Fifty tumors in 39 patients were resected. Lobulation of the hepatocellular carcinoma on the cut surface of the resected specimen and mosaic pattern on the sonogram are closely connected with each other. Thin fibrous capsule of the hepatocellular carcinoma corresponded to halo and lateral shadows. Posterior echo enhancement was due to the softness of the hepatocellular carcinoma. By those four characteristics, hepatocellular carcinoma can be differentiated from hemangioma and metastatic liver tumor.
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PMID:Ultrasonic characteristics of the small hepatocellular carcinoma. 610 Jul 11

Benign liver tumors are relatively uncommon and, even when large enough to be symptomatic, they usually remain undiagnosed prior to exploratory laparotomy. Hemangiomas constitute the majority of benign hepatic neoplasms and are 9 times as frequent in females as in males. Most are asymptomatic but abdominal swelling, a mass, or symptoms due to compression of adjacent organs may occur and abdominal hemorrhage is reported in 4.5% of patients. Hepatic hemangioma may produce a large arteriovenous communication serious enough to cause heart failure. Recently an increased frequency of liver tumors, mostly adenomas, has been noted in women taking oral contraceptives (OCs); the cause has been attributed to estrogens. The exact incidence is unknown but believed to be low. It is most common in women in their late 20s who have been on OCs for 7 years or more. The tumor occasionally completely regresses on withdrawal of the OCs. The tumor may be discovered incidentally at laparotomy or may manifest inself by pain, a palpable mass, or catastrophic hemoperitoneum. Hepatic adenoma is usually a solitary lesion and infrequently degenerates into malignancy. Differential diagnosis includes chronic gall bladder disease and peptic ulcer. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is apparently much less frequently related to OC use and is less likely to bleed seriously than adenoma. Hepatic chemistry is usually normal in adenoma and FNH, but slight increases in serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum transaminase may occur. Primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma) is mostly a disease of males and in the US and Western Europe seldom develops before age 40. Fibrolamellar carcinoma, which characteristically develops in adolescents and young adults, occurs with equal sex incidence. Doubt has been expressed about its relationship to OCs. In the US about 75% of primary hepatocellular carcinomas are associated with cirrhosis, and about 5% of cirrhosis cases develop primary liver cancer. Clinical manifestations of hepatoma have been divided into 5 groups: frank cancer (62.7%), acute abdominal cancer (8%), febrile cancer (8%), occult cancer (16%), and metastatic cancer (5%). Detection of large amounts of alpha fetoprotein has proven useful in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but values may be negative in OC users. It has been estimated that 1/3 to 1/2 of all malignant tumors eventually metastasize to the liver.
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PMID:Hepatic neoplasia: selected clinical aspects. 619 95

To overcome the limitations of ultrasonography and laparoscopy for abdominal diseases, the use of echolaparoscopy was investigated. The instruments used were the prototype echolaparoscope type 1-3 manufactured by Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan. The first prototype has the external diameter of 12 mm. It consists of an internal shaft connecting to a fixed transducer and a rotating mirror connected to the motor unit and a regular laparoscope to assess the position of the scanning head. The second and third prototypes were versions of the former and had an outer diameter of 10 mm to allow interchangeable use with a regular laparoscope. Transducers used were either of 10 or 7.5 MHz, 7 mm in diameter, and ultrasonic scanning was made by the mirror reflection method. A total of 67 cases with various abdominal diseases were examined on 73 occasions. The merit of the method is its ability to visualize occult lesions in the liver such as cysts and tumors. Differentiation between hepatic hemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma could be mad without difficulty due to its increased resolution. Furthermore, this method was used as a guide to liver biopsy of occult tumors and decision making in cases of surgical resection of the hepatic lesions.
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PMID:Endoscopic sonography of the liver--diagnostic application of the echolaparoscope to localize intrahepatic lesions. 623 46

The dynamic computed tomography (CT) densitometry is defined as the combination of rapid bolus injection of urographic contrast medium and timed sequential computed tomography scan permitting recognition of different patterns of enhancement. The results of this method on fifty patients with histologically proofed hepatic tumors (focal nodular hyperplasia n = 12, cavernous hemangioma n = 13, liver cell carcinoma in cirrhotic liver n = 10, primary liver cell carcinoma n = 6, bile duct carcinoma n = 4, others n = 5) are demonstrated. CT-densitometry offers valuable aid for the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions, i.e. cavernous hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
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PMID:[Computer tomographic densitometry of primary liver tumors]. 629 99

Major hepatic resections were performed on 138 patients for a variety of conditions. There was one intraoperative death. Including this patient, there were 15 deaths within 30 days of the operation (operative mortality 10.9%). Important postoperative complications were intra-abdominal sepsis (17%), biliary leak (11%), hepatic failure (8%), and hemorrhage (6%). The results of 30 resections for the benign lesions, liver cell adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hemangioma, and cystadenoma showed no operative mortality and low morbidity. Of 26 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, seven died within a month of operation. The cumulative survival of the 26 at five years was 38%, and of the 19 who survived the procedure, 51%. Poor survival followed resections for cholangiocarcinoma and "mixed tumors." The five-year cumulative survival of 22 patients who had colorectal metastases excised was 31%. Apart from a patient with carcinoid, prolonged survival was rare after resection of other secondaries and after en bloc resections for tumors directly invading the liver. Hepatic resection was of value in the management of some patients with hepatic trauma, Caroli's disease, liver cysts, and intrahepatic stones.
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PMID:Major hepatic resection. A 25-year experience. 629 17

Intraoperative ultrasonography was performed in 50 patients with various liver tumors; 35 hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), 2 cholangiocellular carcinoma, 5 secondary liver cancer, 5 cavernous hemangioma, and 3 hyperplastic nodule in the cirrhotic liver. Various kinds of liver surgery were carried out on these patients; subsegmental resection of the liver in 19, segmentectomy in 12, hepatic lobectomy in 10, tumor extirpation in 4, and palliative surgery in 5 instances. Thirty-three of 35 hepatoma patients had associated cirrhosis of the liver. Sixty per cent of hepatomas smaller than 5 cm in diameter were invisible at surgery. Three hyperplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver and three cavernous hemangiomas were also invisible because of the lesions being embedded in the liver parenchym . The sonographic examination proved to be a useful method not only for knowing the exact localization of invisible tumors but also for preventing vascular injury at subsegmental or segmental resection of the liver.
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PMID:Intraoperative ultrasonography in the surgical treatment of hepatic tumors. 633 Oct 33

The potential carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice was examined. Captafol was given at levels of 0 (control), 0.075, 0.15 or 0.3% in the diet to a total of 203 males and 203 females for 96 weeks, after which time the animals were returned to basal diet for a further 8 weeks. Mice surviving 42 weeks or longer were included in the effective numbers. Males and females given 0.3% captafol showed increased cumulative mortalities in the final quarter period of the experiment. Significant increases in the development of neoplastic lesions were found in the heart, spleen, forestomach, small intestine and liver of mice of both sexes treated with captafol. Tumors induced by captafol were, histologically, hemangioendothelioma in the heart, hemangioma or hemangioendothelioma in the spleen, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma in the forestomach, adenoma and adenocarcinoma in the small intestine, and hyperplastic nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver. These results demonstrate a broad-spectrum carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice. 651 Jun 34

Arterioportal shunting is observed angiographically in a wide variety of pathologic conditions. The route of flow has classically been considered to be via the hepatic sinusoids (transsinusoidal). This route occurs in cases of cirrhosis or the Budd-Chiari syndrome, and results in retrograde hepatofugal flow in portal branches. More recently, a transvasal route has been recognized angiographically, in which portal flow often remains hepatopetal. The transvasal route occurs in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, metastases, shock, hepatic arterial obstruction, and many other conditions. Histologic confirmation of this route has been sought for many years, with other partial success. Nevertheless, angiographic evidence, as presented here, is sufficiently compelling to justify description of this pathway and its significance. Arterioportal flow may also occur via a post-traumatic fistula (disruption of adjacent portions of hepatic artery and portal vein), and via benign tumor vessels in hemangioma or hemangioendothelioma.
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PMID:Arterioportal communications: observations and hypotheses concerning transsinusoidal and transvasal types. 706 71

The chronic toxicity of malonaldehyde (MA) was evaluated using Swiss female mice. Beginning at 10 wk of age, MA was administered in the drinking water for 12 mo to groups of 50 animals at levels of 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/g body wt.d with 100 controls. The highest dose was associated with increased mortality (28% versus 12-14%). MA had no effect on body weight, organ weight, hematological indices, or the incidence of lesions in 27 tissues examined. More liver lesions were observed in the three treatment groups than in the controls (p less than 0.05), and the histopathologic scores for severity of lesions were significantly increased in the groups that received the two higher levels of MA. The liver lesions included anisokaryosis, changes in cytoplasmic volume with architectural derangements, necrosis and neoplastic changes (nodular hyperplasia, hepatoma, and hemangioma). There was no significant increase in specific neoplasms in the treated groups, but the incidence of total neoplasms and neoplastic lesions was dose-dependent (4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively) (p less than 0.01). There was only one neoplasm (a hemangioma) among the controls (1%). Three animals (6%) given the highest dose of MA developed stomach neoplasms. In terms of human dietary exposure to MA, the lowest level of MA used in this study is about 10 times the estimated average daily intake of MA by the Canadian population on a body weight basis.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluation of malonaldehyde: a 12-month study of mice. 716 37

Five autopsy cases of peliosis hepatis occurring as a late complication of thorotrast (ThO2) liver disease are described. The liver contained many blood-filled cystic spaces of various sizes. Marked sinusoidal dilatation, disruption of cell cords and reticulin fiber framework, and cystic dilatation of sinusoids seem to represent the developmental stages of peliosis hepatis in sequence. Of the five cases, two had no other liver disease except for hepatic fibrosis, and the other three had associated neoplasms, such as angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, benign hemangioma, and their combinations. Peliosis hepatis seemed to have directly contributed to the patient's death in four cases. The most characteristic clinical feature was the fulminant terminal course with massive ascites, deep jaundice, and hepatic failure, often accompanied by hepatorenal syndrome and tendency to hemorrhage. Liver function study suggested progressive hepatic insufficiency with reduction in serum albumin, prothrombin and the clearance rate for test dyes, and increase in bilirubin. Clinical diagnosis was almost impossible without biopsy.
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PMID:Peliosis hepatis as a late and fatal complication of thorotrast liver disease. Report of five cases. 734 56


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