Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New retinoids have been synthesized and screened in the search for chemopreventive agents of cancer. N-4-(Carboxyphenyl) retinamide showed a significant inhibitiory effect on carcinogenesis of cancers in the buccal pouch of hamsters and in the forestomach of mice. Clinical studies have demonstrated that N-4-(carboxyphenyl) retinamide is effective against oral leukoplakia, vulvar leukoplakia, and dysplasia of the uterine cervix and stomach. Field studies among a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in Linxian County, Henan Province, revealed that N-4-(ethoxycarbophenyl) retinamide decreased the incidence of this cancer. Qidong County is a high-risk area for hepatoma in China. This has been correlated to the low levels of selenium in the blood of the residents as well as in grain grown in the area. S. Y. Yu, W. G. Li, Y. J. Zhu, et al. (Biol. Trace Element Res. 1985; 7:22-26) reported that the administration of selenium inhibited the incidence of hepatoma induced by aflatoxin B in rats and in ducks. Experimental studies demonstrated that green tea extract inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and counteracted 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-acetate-induced ear edema in mice. It is interesting that green tea extract inhibited the transformation of Balb/c 3T3 cells induced by methylcholanthrene and 12-O-tetradenanoylphorbol-3-acetate. Garlic has been used for thousands of years in Chinese cooking and folk medicine. Epidemiological studies show that the dietary intake of garlic is inversely related to gastric cancer incidence in Shandong Province.
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PMID:Highlights of the cancer chemoprevention studies in China. 823 11

A rapid, simple, and nonradioactive method for diagnosing point mutations of c-K-ras oncogenes in gastroenterologic cancers is described. This method involved the selective amplification of DNA fragments from cancer tissues of surgical specimens with specific oligonucleotide primers, followed by digestion with restriction enzymes that recognized artificially created or naturally occurring restriction sites. To detect codon 12 mutations, an artificial Msp I site was created by introducing a single nucleotide mismatch into the 5' mutagenesis primer. Using a similar approach, an Hae III site was created to detect codon 13 mutations. Bal I and MBo II sites were used to detect codon 61 mutations. A total of 61 gastroenterologic cancer cases were studied. Of 35 cases of colorectal cancer, 7 showed mutations: 6 at codon 12 and 1 at codon 13. In 1 of 2 cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma, point mutation at codon 12 was found. One case of duodenal cancer showed point mutation at codon 12. No mutations were found in the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (4), gastric cancer (12), esophageal cancer (3), or pancreatic cancer (2).
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PMID:Mutation analysis of K-ras oncogenes in gastroenterologic cancers by the amplified created restriction sites method. 824 18

Primary double cancers of the liver and esophagus are extremely rare. Only 7 cases, both cancers resected, were reported. A 2 stage surgical procedure has been recommended for such a case. We experienced 3 consecutive patients who underwent successful simultaneous radical resection with a good outcome. Case 1 with an advanced esophageal cancer (EC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without liver dysfunction received subtotal esophagectomy and posterior segmentectomy of the liver under a thoraco-laparotomy. Case 2, with an early stage EC and HCC with Child A cirrhosis, received the same surgical procedures as case 1 to complete stanching under good visibility for esophagectomy, because of his bleeding tendency due to liver dysfunction. But post operative bleeding from the thoracic cavity continued for 5 consecutive postoperative days. Case 3, with an early stage EC and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), underwent transhiatal esophagectomy and right hepatic lobectomy under laparotomy. All cases received active enteral nutritional (EN) support from the early postoperative day with good outcomes. In conclusion, simultaneous radical resection for synchronous cancers of the esophagus and liver might be a possible indication for patients who have little or slight liver dysfunction. In the case with liver dysfunction, esophagectomy should be performed under thoracotomy, but transhiatal resection, for complete stanching, even in the early stage EC. Post-operative EN support is essential for these patients to obtain a good outcome.
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PMID:Procedures of simultaneous radical resection indicated for primary synchronous esophageal and liver cancers--from the personal experience of three cases. 890 74

Immunomodulatory effects of daily low-dose cisplatin treatment were investigated on compromised patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer. One case of esophageal cancer, 7 of gastric cancer, 2 of colorectal cancer, 1 of carcinomatous peritonitis from unknown origin, and 1 of hepatocellular carcinoma, were treated by daily low-dose cisplatin combined with 5-FU or tegafur, and their ECOG Performance Status Score (PS), number of lymphocytes, and CD3 zeta chain expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied to compare with the effects of treatment. Seven patients with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer showed a partial response and their PS was improved, and the number of lymphocytes and CD3 zeta chain expression of lymphocytes was increased. However, in two patients with progressive disease, a decreased number of lymphocytes and less expression of CD3 zeta chain were seen.
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PMID:[Immunomodulatory effect of daily low-dose cisplatin treatment]. 905 Nov 35

To test the hypothesis that occupational exposure to chemical agents-particularly organic solvents in certain industries-may cause primary liver cancer (PLC), a nested case-control study of PLC cases from the Danish Cancer Registry and an age- and sex-stratified random sample of controls from the Central Population Register in Denmark were linked with files of a national supplementary pension fund. Employment histories since April 1964 were obtained for 973 cases histologically classified as hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, or combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma and 15,348 controls. Men from 35 different industrial branches, women from 7 branches, and both men and women from 3 branches had an excess risk of PLC, with an odds ratio of (OR) > 1.0; 29 branches had an OR of liver cancer in excess of 3.0. Women from bookprinting and offset printing industries had an OR above 10. Only male farmers had an OR below unity (0.41). Employees from breweries, restaurants, hotels, motels, and distilleries had an increased OR of both PLC and esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Liver cancer among employees in Denmark. 921 54

A pilot study of continuous or intermittent low dose 5-FU and cisplatin chemotherapy (low-dose FP therapy) was conducted at the Department of Surgery of Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine (Group A) and Sapporo Tsukisamu Hospital, and at the Department of Internal Medicine of the Kochi Prefectural Center Hospital (Group B). The cases with esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma or colonic cancer co-existing with their inoperable lesion(s) were considered in this chemotherapy. The rates of complete and partial response and of side effects were studied. Also, the effects of low-dose FP on the prognosis of the patients with pancreatic or colonic cancers were investigated. The procedure consisted of continuous 5-FU 320 mg/m2 i.v. with daily CDDP 2.5 mg/m2 i.v. for five days/week rescue was performed for at least four weeks as a rule. The rates of complete response and partial response were 64% (Group A) and 56% (Group B) in esophageal cancer, 62% (Group A and B) in stomach cancer, 48% (Group A) and 57% (Group B) in colonic cancer, and 8% (Group A) and 21% (Group B). The overall response rate was 57.8%. The frequencies of severe side effect(s) (grades 3 and 4) were within three to eight percent, and no death from side effect(s) was experienced. The effects of low-dose FP therapy on the prognosis of stage IV colonic cancer and stage IV b pancreatic cancer were studied retrospectively. It is suggested that this chemotherapy might contribute to the survival of patients with these two cancers. Otherwise, the chemotherapy of intermittent administration (day by day) of 5-FU 750 mg/m2 i.v. and CDDP 2.5 mg/m2 i.v. was selected in order to decrease the rate of side effects and their severity. The pilot study encountered no severe side effects, no cases with grade 4 side effect were experienced but the remission rates were mostly similar to that of sequential low-dose FP therapy. However, the side effect of low grade ones as symptoms in gastrointestinal tract were observed in more patients. We concluded that sequential or intermittent 5-FU/CDDP therapy might be fairly effective, and since the adjuvant chemotherapy of choice for advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer, their FP therapy might be one of the adjuvant treatments.
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PMID:[Biochemical modulation of 5-FU--effect of low dose CDDP]. 1009 43

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a most potent angiogenic molecule. In this article, we demonstrated that VEGF is participated in the tumor angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we revealed that VEGF is one of the molecules which are responsible for metastasis and prognosis in esophageal cancer and colon cancer. Although the mechanism on the induction of VEGF gene is still unclear in human cancer tissue, we obtained the informative evidence indicating that p53 mutation is involved in VEGF expression of esophageal cancer. Our experimental study with stable transfectant of VEGF gene provided the confirmative results showing that VEGF gene induces neovascularization in and around tumor and that VEGF augment metastastic potential by accelerating proliferative activity after reaching the target organ.
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PMID:Implication of vascular endothelial growth factor in the development and metastasis of human cancers. 1045 2

The polymorphism in the ALDH2 gene plays a central role in Asian alcohol hypersensitivity and has been associated with the risk for esophageal cancer. In the present study, we attempted to examine associations between the ADH2 and ALDH2 polymorphisms, alcohol drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in a case-control study in Japan. One hundred and two patients with HCC (85 males and 17 females) and 125 control subjects (101 males and 24 females) were enrolled in the study. Higher cumulative amounts of alcohol consumption (drink-years of > or = 40 drinks/day x year) showed a significant association with HCC development (odds ratio, OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3-5.5, adjusted for age and smoking). By contrast, we could find no association of the ALDH2 genotypes with HCC development (adjusted OR for ALDH2*1/*2 = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.6-2.1). Likewise, the ADH2 genotypes were not associated with HCC development (adjusted OR for ADH2*2/*2 = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.5-1.5). The present results do not support a contribution of acetaldehyde, an active metabolite of ethanol, to HCC development and rather indicate a direct involvement of ethanol in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Relationship between alcohol drinking, ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes, and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese. 1073 10

The effects of nine new tetramethylpiperidine (TMP)-substituted phenazines on the growth of a human esophageal cancer cell line (WHCO3), two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (PLC and HepG2) and three human colon cancer cell lines (CaCo2, COLO 320DM and HT29) were compared to those of clofazimine, B669 and five standard chemotherapeutic agents. The three most active TMP-substituted phenazines against these cell lines were B3962, B4126 and B4125 with mean IC50 values for all the cancer cell lines tested of 0.36, 0.47 and 0.48 microg/ml respectively. B3962 and B4126, but not B4125 were also the most active against a semi-continuous human fibroblast culture (MRC5). The compound with the highest tumor specificity relative to the fibroblast culture, was B4125. Importantly, there was minimal variation in sensitivity of the different cell lines, including a multidrug resistant cell line (COLO 320DM) expressing high levels of P-glycoprotein, to the TMP-substituted phenazines. This was not the case with the standard chemotherapeutic agents. The efficacy of compounds such as B4125 against a broad spectrum of multidrug resistant cancer cell lines, together with their relatively high tumor specificity, suggests that these agents may be useful in the treatment of intrinsically resistant cancers such as colon and liver cancer.
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PMID:Tetramethylpiperidine-substituted phenazines inhibit the proliferation of intrinsically multidrug resistant carcinoma cell lines. 1156 77

It is difficult to evaluate surgical stress of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cytokine production from the liver is decreased due to the liver dysfunction that is usually associated with HCCs. Therefore, we evaluated surgical stress after hepatectomy by measuring intracellular cytokines of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. We examined 22 patients with digestive cancers (8 with HCC, 10 with gastric cancer, and 4 with esophageal cancer). The concentrations of serum IL-6 levels 6 h after hepatectomy, gastrectomy, and esophagectomy were 268 +/- 84, 309 +/- 93, and 1,323 +/- 364 pg/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference between hepatectomy and gastrectomy, though based on clinical observations, it is estimated the surgical stress of hepatectomy was greater than that of gastrectomy. Conversely, the percentage of CD4+IL-6+ cells 6 h after surgery was 8.5 +/- 2.8, 3.3 +/- 0.6, and 7.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively. The percentage of CD4+IL-6+ cells after hepatectomy was significantly higher than that after gastrectomy. We estimated that the percentage of CD4+IL-6+ cells was an appropriate indicator of surgical stress on HCC, because the percentage of CD4+IL-6+ cells correlated well with the duration of surgery more than did the serum IL-6 levels. These results suggest that the percentage of CD4+IL-6+ cells may help in accurately evaluating surgical stress in patients with liver dysfunctions such as HCC.
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PMID:[Significance of intracellular cytokines levels in peripheral lymphocytes for evaluation of surgical stress after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 1461 36


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