Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intracellular, eosinophilic, hyaline inclusions (alcoholic hyalin, Mallory bodies) are found in livers of patients with a number of hepatic disorders, although they are most common in alcoholic liver disease. Tissues from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, jejunoileal bypass, hepatocellular carcinoma, Wilson's disease, and Indian childhood cirrhosis were all positive for hyalin by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunocytochemical labeling, using guinea-pig antiserum specific for alcoholic hyalin, was utilized to determine the extent of crossreactivity between hepatocellular hyalin in these various conditions. This antiserum bound to hyalin in fixed paraffin-embedded sections of all liver tissues studied as detected by indirect immunoperoxidase labeling. Binding to normal human liver, however, was restricted to light staining at the surface of hepatocytes. Preimmune guinea-pig serum did not bind to either normal liver or to the test tissues. Our results suggest that hyalin found found in a diverse group of liver conditions represents an immunologically related structure and that its formation may involve a common mechanism.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical identity of hepatocellular hyalin in alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. 618 21

Serial estimations of serum alpha-fetoprotein in 130 white patients from the United Kingdom with primary biliary cirrhosis who were followed for periods of 1-52 mo revealed 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma; all were subsequently confirmed histologically. At the time alpha-fetoprotein was first noted to be elevated, none had signs or symptoms of tumor development. Of the 52 patients who died during the follow-up period, hepatocellular carcinoma was the cause of death in 3 (33%) of the 9 men, and 2 (5%) of the 43 women. Allowing for the marked predominance of women among patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma may be no less frequent in primary biliary cirrhosis than in other types of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: detection by alpha-fetoprotein estimation. 620 5

Owing to recent findings of certain unusual sex steroid binding in liver disease--particularly an allosteric biphasic pattern (pattern A) unique to the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma--the serum binding characteristics for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were examined in serum samples from six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who had developed hepatocellular carcinoma. In all serum samples taken after the development of tumour pattern A binding only was obtained, and in four cases in which earlier samples were also examined there was a transformation from the normal, non-specific binding pattern, or an allosteric plateau pattern seen in non-malignant liver disease (designated D and C respectively), to pattern A coincident with the rise in serum alpha fetoprotein. In one patient chemotherapy leading to a fall in alpha fetoprotein abolished pattern A binding, showing further its close association with tumour growth. The value of pattern A binding as a tumour marker in hepatocellular carcinoma warrants further study.
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PMID:Sex steroid binding patterns in primary biliary cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. 620 16

The prevalence of three precipitating antibodies to mitochondria A (M-A), mitochondria B (M-B), and mitochondria C (M-C), reacting with the antigens in the mitochondrial fraction of sonicated rat liver was studied in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and other liver diseases. Antibodies to M-A and M-B were found in 12 of 22 (54%) and 11 of 22 (50%) patients, respectively. Antibodies to M-C were found in only one of 22 (4%) patients. The titers of antibodies to M-A and M-B correlated with the titers of mitochondrial immunofluorescence staining on unfixed mouse kidney section (r = 0.71 and 0.81, respectively). These antibodies were not present in liver cirrhosis (20 patients), chronic active hepatitis (20), acute viral hepatitis (10), and hepatoma (10). However, the titers of these antibodies did not correlate with amount of immunoglobulin, immune complexes, and the severity of disease. This work confirms that the antibodies to M-A and M-B are also marker antibodies for Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
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PMID:Precipitating antimitochondrial antibodies in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. 620 20

The overall indications for liver transplantations are becoming clearer. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are poor risks and grafting should be done earlier. Results of transplants for primary biliary cirrhosis and well compensated cirrhosis are more encouraging. Transplantations for hepatocellular carcinoma is faced with the problem of high recurrences postoperatively. The presence of hepatitis B in a recipient is no longer a contraindication to grafting since this can be adequately treated with specific immunoglobulin. The latest introduction of Cyclosporin as an immunosuppressant may be of real benefit in liver transplantations.
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PMID:The indications for and results of liver transplantation. 625 18

Immune complexes were investigated in the clinical course of 35 patients with the liver disease diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria, including the liver biopsy. Immune complexes were assayed by use of radio-labelled polyclonal rheumatoid and C1q as reactants with immune complexes. Although the highest amounts of immune complexes were determined in a few number of sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, significantly higher amounts of immune complexes were observed in sera from patients with fulminant hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, chronic aggressive hepatitis (2B), lupoid hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no significant increase in immune complexes was seen in the clinical course of patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (2A), chronic persistent hepatitis and acute hepatitis. Clinical follow-up studies of patients with higher amounts of immune complexes showed significant changes in the amounts of immune complexes in parallel with clinical, biochemical and immunological variables. The ultracentrifugal analysis demonstrated that immune complexes involved in the liver disease seemed to be larger than 19s in the size, since their concentration fluctuated according to the clinical course, although smaller complexes sedimenting at 7s and those between 8s and 19s were recognized without any significant changes in the clinical course.
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PMID:Studies on circulating soluble immune complexes of the liver disease. 7. Immune complexes in the clinical course and their ultracentrifugal analysis. 626 81

Despite Scotland's well-recognised alcohol problem, there is scant information of the aetiology of cirrhosis in this country. This study of 222 patients, reviewed 197 cases presenting as cirrhosis and 25 cases presenting as primary liver cell carcinoma (PLCC) in the East Tayside area of Scotland between 1975 and 1979. The survey was based on an analysis of all histologically proven cases of cirrhosis and PLCC encountered during a five-year period. There was a constant rate of presentation of cirrhosis of about 40 new patients per year, with a stable pattern of aetiology. About 55 per cent were due to alcohol, and there was no significant change in this proportion over the study. No evidence was found for an increasing female susceptibility or earlier female morbidity in alcoholic cirrhosis. Cryptogenic cirrhosis, cardiac cirrhosis and secondary biliary cirrhosis were more often diagnosed at post mortem. Ninety one per cent of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were females, but the expected male preponderance in haemochromatosis was not present. In addition to the 25 patients presenting with PLCC, three of the cirrhotic patients developed the tumour by the end of 1979. Seventy one per cent of PLCC cases arose in already cirrhotic livers, none were HBsAg positive. Bronchopneumonia, hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiac failure were the most frequent causes of death.
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PMID:Cirrhosis and primary liver cell carcinoma in Tayside: a five year study. 627 84

Inhibition assay of 125I-C1q binding to IgG-p-azobenzamidoethyl Sepharose 6B (IgG-Sepharose) by immune complexes was developed for the detection of circulating soluble immune complexes in the liver disease and was compared with polyclonal rheumatoid factor (pRF) binding inhibition assay and with C1q binding assay. The C1q inhibition assay was proved to be very sensitive, reproducible and rapid. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugal analysis showed that the assay could detect aggregates of human IgG (AHGG) larger than 19s. C1q inhibition activity (C1qIA) correlated with severity of the liver disease, defined by histological criteria. The highest C1qIA was observed in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, followed by liver cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis (2B), lupoid hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the order. There were correlations of C1qIA with serum gamma-globulin levels, sero-positivity for rheumatoid factor and hepatitis B surface antigen, and significant correlations existed also among pRFIA, C1qIA and C1qBA. Ultracentrifugal analysis of sera from patients with the liver disease showed that ClqIA demonstrated two sizes of immune complexes, 7s and larger than 19s, while complexes larger than 8s were seen in pRFIA.
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PMID:Studies on circulating soluble immune complexes of the liver disease. 6. Comparative studies of 125I-pRF inhibition assay, 125I-Clq inhibition assay and 125I-Clq binding assay. 697 71

A survey of all patients in whom liver biopsy showed epithelioid granulomas was undertaken at two major teaching hospitals in Glasgow for the period 1970-1979. Seventy-seven patients with hepatic granulomas were studied retrospectively. In 53 cases (69 per cent) a clear-cut clinical diagnosis was established, which included sarcoidosis (eight cases), tuberculosis (eight), extrahepatic biliary obstruction (seven), primary liver diseases (11), neoplasm (six), bacterial infection (five) and miscellaneous (eight). In 24 patients (31 percent) no cause was found. Seventeen patients from this idiopathic group were studied prospectively and single examples of the following conditions were subsequently diagnosed; pulmonary tuberculosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, ulcerative colitis, adenocarcinoma of rectum, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, alpha-one antitrypsin deficiency and pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis alone, gallstones, rheumatic heart disease, unexplained hepatosplenomegaly and one death from mesenteric artery thrombosis. Only six cases remained truly idiopathic. Three of these patients recovered and in two liver biopsy became normal. The other three have persistent granulomas associated with continuing illness.
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PMID:Hepatic granulomas: experience over a 10-year period in the West of Scotland. 711 78

We designed a multicenter cross-sectional study to evaluate the role of alcohol abuse, the hepatitis viruses and other pathogenic factors in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 1,829 consecutive cirrhosis patients, with or without HCC, was enrolled over 6 mo in 21 centers throughout Italy. The etiological categories and diagnostic criteria were preestablished. The median age of the patients was 59 yr (range, 13 to 85 yr); 63.6% of the patients were graded as Child class A, 23.4% as Child class B and 13% as Child class C. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 72.1% of cases (47.7% alone, 21.2% with alcohol abuse, 3.2% with hepatitis B virus); HBsAg was present in 13.8% (4.2% alone, 3.2% with hepatitis D virus, 3.2% with hepatitis C virus, 3% with alcohol abuse), alcohol abuse with no concomitant viral infection was recorded in 8.7%, primary biliary cirrhosis was found in 1.8%, other causes were found in 1.4% and cryptogenic cirrhosis was only present in 5.3%. Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 11.9% of patients (217 cases). The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma was more frequent in males than females (14.7% vs. 7.3%; p < 0.001) and increased with worsening Child class (8.3% in Child class A, 16.9% in Child class B, 19.9% in Child class C, p < 0.001). The highest prevalences of hepatocellular carcinoma were observed in hepatitis B virus infection, with or without alcohol abuse (20% and 16%, respectively) and in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis, with or without alcohol abuse (16% and 10.3%, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathogenic factors in cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter Italian study. 752 73


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