Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging (GRE MRI), which gives information on blood flow and oxygenation changes (Robinson SP, Howe FA, Griffiths JR 1995, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33: 855), was used to observe the responses of six rodent tumour models to carbogen breathing. In one transplanted rat tumour, the Morris hepatoma 9618a, and a chemically induced rat tumour, the MNU-induced mammary adenocarcinoma, there were marked image intensity increases, similar to those previously observed in the rat GH3 prolactinoma. In contrast, the rat Walker carcinosarcoma showed no response. In two mouse tumours, the RIF-1 fibrosarcoma and the human xenograft HT29, carbogen breathing induced a transient fall in signal intensity that reversed spontaneously within a few minutes. The rat GH3 prolactinoma was xenografted into nude mice, and an increase in image intensity was found in response to carbogen, suggesting that any effects that carbogen may have had on the host were not significant determinants of the tumour response. The increases in GRE image intensity of the MNU, H9618a and GH3 tumours during carbogen breathing are consistent with increases in tumour oxygenation and blood flow, whereas the responses of the RIF-1 and HT29 tumours may be the result of a transient steal effect followed by homeostatic correction.
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PMID:The response to carbogen breathing in experimental tumour models monitored by gradient-recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging. 908 35

Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most effective single agents in treating solid tumors, its low effectiveness as a single agent has led to development of a number of modulators intended to enhance its therapeutic effectiveness. Of these, methotrexate (MTX) and trimetrexate (TMTX) have been shown to have synergistic anticancer activity with 5-FU. The effect of these two drugs on the uptake and the intratumoral metabolism of 5-FU was studied in two rat tumor models using 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: on excised samples of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and noninvasively (in vivo) in Novikoff hepatoma. In the rats bearing the Walker 256 tumor, a 4-hr pretreatment with MTX showed the maximal increase in the rate of conversion from 5-FU to its fluorinated nucleotides/nucleosides. In the rats bearing the Novikoff hepatoma, both modulators increased the amounts of cyctotoxic anabolites of 5-FU, but at the doses administered, the cumulative amounts of 5-FU anabolites formed after MTX were significantly higher than those formed after TMTX or after saline control. On the other hand, the increase in the levels of the fluorinated nucleotides/nucleosides after TMTX peaked at a later time. The possible significance of these findings is that timing of administration of a modulator is important because it affects both transport and metabolism of 5-FU. The two modulators studied, both antifolates, act differently on transport and on metabolism: MTX affects both, whereas TMTX, at the level studied, appears to affect predominantly the metabolic process. In addition, significant differences exist between tumor models. These data suggest possible mechanisms and processes that should be studied further in humans, using these noninvasive pharmacokinetic imaging methods for monitoring 5-FU targeting and metabolism.
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PMID:Enhancement of 5-fluorouracil anabolism by methotrexate and trimetrexate in two rat solid tumor models, Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and Novikoff hepatoma, as evaluated by 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 1070 63

No more than 11 cases of carcinosarcoma of the liver have been reported in the past 40 years that fulfill the definition of hepatocellular carcinoma combined with differentiated sarcomatous elements. Most cases consist of hepatocellular carcinoma with 1 to 2 heterologous elements. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with liver carcinosarcoma consisting of 3 carcinomatous components and 4 sarcomatous components. Hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar type, was accompanied by neuroendocrine carcinoma (neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin positive) and adenocarcinoma (cytokeratin 7 and 20 positive). The sarcomatous elements consisted of poorly differentiated spindle cell neoplasm (vimentin positive), leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle actin positive), rhabdomyosarcoma (desmin positive), and osteosarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of liver carcinosarcoma with this many differentiated heterologous features. There are differing views on the pathogenesis of this tumor. Findings in this case support the view that metaplasia of carcinomatous cells gives rise to the sarcomatous elements.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the liver: a case report and review of the literature. 1591 31

An autopsy case of carcinosarcoma of the liver producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is reported. The patient, a 74-year-old Japanese man, presented with multiple liver masses. His serum G-CSF was elevated to 286 pg/mL and a marked leukocytosis of 19 100/microL was observed. The patient had a rapidly aggravated clinical course and died 57 days after admission. Autopsy revealed a liver carcinosarcoma composed both of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and sarcomatous elements immunoreactive with alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining of G-CSF in the cytoplasm of HCC, whereas none of the spindle cells was positively stained. Production of G-CSF was also confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using the frozen tumor tissue taken at the autopsy. Similar to the majority of G-CSF-producing tumors in the literature, only the epithelial elements of the present case were immunopositive for G-CSF. Although a monoclonal origin of carcinosarcomas has generally been proposed, heterologous differentiation from a single clone might lead to the production of G-CSF only in the epithelial element in the present case. It is suggested that G-CSF was associated with the high-grade transformation of the epithelial elements, as well as the reported phenomenon of conventional HCC producing G-CSF.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the liver producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. 1679 52

A 72-year-old man was found to have a 40 mm mass in liver segment VIII during follow-up abdominal ultrasonography for type C viral hepatitis. Abdominal ultrasound showed a well-defined mass containing a cystic component, and computed tomographic hepatic arteriography showed heterogeneous enhancement except for cystic necrosis. Under a pre-operative diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), partial resection of liver segment VIII was performed. The encapsulated tumor consisted of a peripheral solid component with a central necrotic area. Histologically, the solid component had a two-layer structure, an HCC component in the external area and a sarcomatous component with neoplastic osteoid formation in the internal area, showing histological transition. Immunohistochemically, the HCC component was positive for hepatocyte antigen and negative for vimentin. The Ki-67 labeling index was found to increase from 5% to 58% with increasing histologic atypia. The sarcomatous component was positive for vimentin and negative for pan-keratin and hepatocyte antigen, with a Ki-67 labeling index of >90%. These findings led to a diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinosarcoma. Although previously reported patients with hepatic carcinosarcoma showed early metastasis with a very poor outcome, this patient has remained free of recurrence for 30 months, which is the longest recurrence-free survival time recorded for this type of cancer. Since relatively early-stage hepatic carcinosarcoma rarely seems to present as a small tumor showing a concentric growth pattern, we report this case with a review of the literature.
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PMID:Long-term recurrence-free survival in a patient with primary hepatic carcinosarcoma: case report with a literature review. 1980 59

The authors present the case of a 48-year-old man with hepatitis B cirrhosis, who developed two primary malignant liver tumors that were morphologically distinct from each other. The first tumor was a hepatocellular carcinoma and the second tumor, detected 17 months later was a hepatic carcinosarcoma with cholangiocarcinomatous and sarcomatous components, without any hepatocellular carcinoma component. Clonality studies using microsatellite-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) demonstrated different LOH patterns existed between the hepatocellular carcinoma and the hepatic carcinosarcoma, indicative of different clonal origins. The authors discuss the histogenesis, histopathologic diagnosis, and clinical behavior of hepatic carcinosarcoma.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic adenocarcinosarcoma in a patient with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. 2017 38

Our case was a 65-year-old male, with the chief complaints of diarrhea and abdominal distention. Three years earlier, the patient had undergone transcatheter arterial embolization and radiofrequency treatment based on a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis B by another doctor. In October 2007, the patient developed diarrhea and increased abdominal distention. In December, CT examination conducted by the previous doctor revealed a 20-cm tumor within the pelvis. The patient was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer based on barium enema examination using gastrografin, and was introduced to our hospital for treatment. He was diagnosed with low-differentiated carcinoma by biopsy of the colon during endoscopy and underwent sigmoidectomy based on a diagnosis of sigmoid colon cancer. The tumor had infiltrated the bladder, and a tumorectomy was conducted through partially combined resection. The tumor was a huge lesion occupying the inside of the lumen, and histopathological findings revealed that the tumor, the main part of which lay beneath the mucous membrane, had a transitional image composed of both spindle-shaped atypical cells and sarcomatoid shape. The result of immunostaining was CK7(+), CK20(-), AFP(-), and the patient was diagnosed as having carcinosarcoma of the colon. Carcinosarcoma of the colon is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, and the mean survival period in past reports was approximately 6 months. The patient was treated with FOLFIRI+Bevacizumab therapy according to chemotherapy for colon cancer, but he was refractory to the therapy.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the Sigmoid Colon: Report of a Case. 2110 9

Herein we present a 73-year-old man with primary carcinosarcoma of the liver, a rare malignant tumor of the liver. The case was followed up due to HBV-related liver cirrhosis. Regular check-up by ultrasound demonstrated a hyperechoic tumor in the left lobe of the liver, and he was referred and admitted to our hospital. Dynamic CT studies revealed a mostly hypoenhancing hepatic mass with a peripheral ring enhancement. Surgical resection was performed, and the resected tumor was macroscopically a simple nodular type, 3 cm in diameter, with a dense fibrous capsule. Microscopically, undifferentiated cells were dominant in the tumor, while moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were also observed. A transitional zone was noted between the undifferentiated tumor and HCC. Tumor tissue with adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were also detected. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that tumor cells were HepPar 1 positive in hepatocellular carcinoma, and CK19 and partly CK7 positive in adenocarcinoma. Moreover, CD56, chromogranin A and c-kit were occasionally positive in undifferentiated tumor cells. The diagnosis of carcinosarcoma was made based on the concomitant presence of HCC and sarcomatous components, yet it is noteworthy that various types of tumor cells were observed.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the liver. 2113 95

We report a rare case of a hepatic carcinosarcoma with rabdomyosarcomatous differentiation in its sarcomatous component. A 71-year old Caucasian female patient underwent a liver resection for a 4-cm lesion developed on an underlying HCV-related cirrhosis. Post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged 5 days after surgery. At pathology, the tumor presented the features of hepatocellular carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma Three months later the patient experienced a liver recurrence, dying 2 months later for systemic disease. The reported case presents several peculiarities, i.e. the female gender, the HCV-related cirrhotic status, and the European origin of the patient. However, the outcome of our case confirms that this neoplasm pursues a highly aggressive course with poor prognosis.
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PMID:An unusual case of hepatic carcinosarcoma. 2201 59

Non-hepatocellular carcinoma (non-HCC) with macroscopic bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) formation is rare, few radiological studies have been reported. In this case report, we retrospectively analyzed the imaging findings of three cases of non-HCC with macroscopic BDTT on dynamic enhanced multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scan. One case of primary hepatic carcinosarcoma was presented as a solitary, large well-defined tumor with significant necrotic changes. One case of liver metastasis from colon cancer was presented as a lobulated, large ill-defined tumor. One case of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm involved the entire pancreas, presented as a cystic and solid mass with multilocular changes (the individual loculi were less than 5.0 mm in diameter). The bile duct was dilated due to expansible growth of the BDTT in all three patients. The BDTT was contiguous with hepatic or pancreatic tumor, and both of them showed the same enhancement patterns on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan: early enhancement in the hepatic arterial phase and a quick wash-out of contrast agent in the portal and equilibrium phases. Macroscopic BDTT in non-HCC patient is rare, dynamic enhanced MSCT scan may be valuable in the diagnosis of non-HCC with BDTT.
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PMID:Tumors with macroscopic bile duct thrombi in non-HCC patients: dynamic multi-phase MSCT findings. 2246 93


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