Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The two cancers after renal transplantation (RTx) are transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and hepatoma reported in Taiwan most frequently, versus lymphproliferative diseases and skin cancers in the Western literature. Herein, we present a 49-year-old man with spinal cord injury and end-stage renal disease who developed multifocal TCC in the urologic tract and incidental detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma 15 months after a cadaveric RTx. En bloc complete native urinary tract excision and ileal conduit urinary diversion were performed smoothly. After 2-year follow up, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence, and graft function remained stable, with minimal hydronephrosis. Transplant physicians should carefully monitor any signs of urinary cancers, especially in renal transplant recipients with history of analgesics. Also, aggressive surgical treatment is recommended for these patients to prolong survival.
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PMID:Urinary exenteration on a renal transplant recipient with multifocal urothelial cancers and prostatic adenocarcinoma. 1555 4

Chordomas are rare malignant bone tumors primarily involving both ends of the axial skeleton that present as destructive bone lesions with a large soft tissue mass. Chordomas were previously believed to arise from notochordal remnants. However, recent studies suggest the possibility that chordomas arise from benign notochordal cell tumors. We present two cases of coccygeal incipient chordoma that strengthen the new hypothesis. The first case was an 83-year-old man who died of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The second case was a 79-year-old man who died of hepatocellular carcinoma. The coccygeal tumors were composed of intraosseous and extraosseous infiltrative lesions. The intraosseous lesions consisted of both benign notochordal cell tumor and incipient chordoma. The extraosseous lesions were consistent with incipient chordoma. In addition, two other small benign notochordal cell tumors were found at a different level in case 1. It is conceivable that pre-existing intraosseous benign notochordal cell tumors transform into incipient chordoma and then extend through the cortex into the surrounding soft tissue. The incidence of incipient chordoma appears much higher than expected because chordomas are rare tumors with an incidence of one case per 1 000 000 persons per year. We suspect that unknown factors transform incipient chordoma into classic chordoma.
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PMID:Incipient chordoma: a report of two cases of early-stage chordoma arising from benign notochordal cell tumors. 1580 92

Alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR or P504S) is a mitochondrial and peroxisomal protein present in a variety of human cells. Demonstration of increased expression is used diagnostically in prostatic adenocarcinoma. AMACR is also produced by normal hepatocytes and it has been postulated that the demonstration of AMACR expression or its pattern of distribution is useful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Jiang et al., Hum Pathol 2003;34, Guzman et al., Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2006;14, Li et al., J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2008;27). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether immunohistochemical staining for AMACR can be used in a routine histopathologic setting. Immunohistochemical staining for AMACR was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue from livers resected for HCC during 1980-2006 at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 44). Tumor sections as well as surrounding non-neoplastic tissues were studied. In both tumor and non-tumor tissues, intracellular localization and staining pattern were assessed and the staining intensity of AMACR was graded. The fraction of stained tumor cells was not significantly different from that of stained non-tumor cells in the same patients (p = 0.97). A significantly lower staining intensity was observed in clear cell areas (p = 0.005), but the AMACR expression did not correlate with the HCC type and could not distinguish neoplastic from non-neoplastic liver cells. AMACR is not applicable as a tool in the histopathologic diagnosis of HCC.
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PMID:AMACR is not applicable as a diagnostic tool in hepatocellular carcinoma. 2013 71

The authors present an interesting case under our follow-up who has had five different forms of tumours with different pathologies throughout his lifetime. He started off with hepatoma, followed by pleomorphic sarcoma of the thigh, adenocarcinoma of the prostate, meningioma and finally schwanoma. He is still alive to this date.
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PMID:Does lightning strike twice? 2289 28

GATA binding protein 3 is a zinc finger transcription factor with high affinity for urothelial tissue and is a promising immunohistochemical marker in detection of urothelial carcinomas (UC). We studied its usefulness in metastatic high-grade UC. This study was performed on cell blocks (CB) of fine needle aspirates from 25 cases of metastatic high-grade UC in patients with previously resected high-grade UC. Immunohistochemical staining for GATA3, thrombomodulin, uroplakin, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20 was performed. Twenty-three of 25 cases of metastatic UC expressed GATA3 (92%); positive staining for cytokeratin 7 was present in 23 of 25 cases (92%), 20 of 25 (80%) stained for thrombomodulin, and 13 of 25 (52%) stained for cytokeratin 20. No case expressed uroplakin. Five hundred forty-seven non-urothelial carcinomas, including breast ductal carcinoma (77), hepatocellular carcinoma (100), colonic adenocarcinoma (81), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (28), gastric adenocarcinoma (31), endometrial carcinoma (27), ovarian serous carcinoma (27), lung adenocarcinoma (27), lung squamous cell carcinoma (26), malignant melanoma (27), renal cell carcinoma (48), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (48) in tissue microarrays were also analyzed and were GATA3 negative except for 35 of 77 (45.5%) of GATA3 positive breast ductal carcinoma. GATA3 has high sensitivity and specificity for detection of metastatic UC and thus may play an important role in diagnosing metastatic UC in CB samples.
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PMID:GATA3 expression in metastatic urothelial carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cell blocks: a review of 25 cases. 2457

HOBX13 is a transcription factor expressed in the normal prostatic glands and overexpressed in prostate cancer. Recent studies suggested that HOXB13 represents a prostate-specific marker in the differential diagnosis between prostatic and urothelial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the diagnostic value of HOXB13 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) immunoexpression for the detection of prostatic origin in metastatic tumours. PSA and HOXB13 immunohistochemical expression was assessed in 50 metastatic tumors, including 15 metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma, 11 from lung adenocarcinoma, 12 from urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma, 11 from colorectal carcinoma, and in 1 from hepatocellular carcinoma. Strong staining for HOXB13 was observed in >75% of neoplastic cells in 15/15 (100%) metastases from prostate cancer. Weak staining in <25% of cells was found in 2/12 (17%) metastases from urothelial carcinoma. PSA immunostaining was detected only in 8 (53%) cases of prostatic origin. The sensitivity and specificity for metastatic prostate cancer were 100% and 94% for HOXB13 and 53% and 100% for PSA. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, HOXB13 may be included in the pool of prostate-specific markers in metastases showing absent or weak staining for PSA before excluding prostatic derivation.
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PMID:HOXB13 as an immunohistochemical marker of prostatic origin in metastatic tumors. 2659 Jan 21

Prostate adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are common cancer types. Both may present with bone metastases, and both are known to be CK7/CK20 negative. Thus, diagnosis of less well-differentiated tumors at metastatic sites essentially relies on immunohistochemical confirmation. However, insufficient data exist on the expression status of the main 2 hepatocyte markers hepatocyte paraffin 1 (HepPar-1) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in prostatic adenocarcinoma. We screened 557 prostate carcinoma cases for expression of these 2 markers using tissue microarrays. Sixty-four of 557 (11.5%) cases showed highly variable expression of HepPar-1 in 1% to 75% of tumor cells with a characteristically strong granular "mitochondrial" pattern. Only 13 cases (2.3%) expressed HepPar-1 in greater than 10% of the tumor cells. No correlation was seen with Gleason grade. On the other hand, 19 (3.4%) of 557 cases showed variable nonspecific cytoplasmic expression of Arg-1 distinct from the specific combined nucleocytoplasmic staining seen in normal liver and in HCC. Specifically, this Arg-1 pattern was seen only using one antibody lot and not another suggesting cross-reactivity. Only a single case showed specific nucleocytoplasmic expression of Arg-1 in the tumor cells. In conclusion, specific granular cytoplasmic staining for HepPar-1 is frequent in prostatic adenocarcinomas (11.5%) but usually focal and limited to less than 5% of tumor cells. This should not be misinterpreted as evidence of HCC, particularly in solid-pattern neoplasms. On the other hand, specific Arg-1 expression is very rare (0.18%), highlighting the value of Arg-1 in distinguishing HepPar-1-positive prostatic carcinoma from HCC at metastatic sites or in cases of liver metastasis from prostate carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatocyte differentiation markers in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: hepatocyte paraffin 1 but not arginase-1 is specifically expressed in a subset of prostatic adenocarcinoma. 2718 83

Non-coding RNAs occupy a significant fraction of the human genome. Their biological significance is backed up by a plethora of emerging evidence. One of the most robust approaches to demonstrate non-coding RNA's biological relevance is through their prognostic value. Using the rich gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA), we designed Advanced Expression Survival Analysis (AESA), a web tool which provides several novel survival analysis approaches not offered by previous tools. In addition to the common single-gene approach, AESA computes the gene expression composite score of a set of genes for survival analysis and utilizes permutation test or cross-validation to assess the significance of log-rank statistic and the degree of over-fitting. AESA offers survival feature selection with post-selection inference and utilizes expanded TCGA clinical data including overall, disease-specific, disease-free, and progression-free survival information. Users can analyse either protein-coding or non-coding regions of the transcriptome. We demonstrated the effectiveness of AESA using several empirical examples. Our analyses showed that non-coding RNAs perform as well as messenger RNAs in predicting survival of cancer patients. These results reinforce the potential prognostic value of non-coding RNAs. AESA is developed as a module in the freely accessible analysis suite MutEx. Abbreviation: ACC: Adrenocortical Carcinoma (n = 92); BLCA: Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (n = 412); BRCA: Breast Invasive Carcinoma (n = 1098); CESC: Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (n = 307); CHOL: Cholangiocarcinoma (n = 51); COAD: Colon Adenocarcinoma (n = 461); DLBC: Lymphoid Neoplasm Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (n = 58); ESCA: Oesophageal Carcinoma (n = 185); GBM: Glioblastoma Multiforme (n = 617); HNSC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n = 528); KICH: Kidney Chromophobe (n = 113); KIRC: Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (n = 537); KIRP: Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (n = 291); LAML: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (n = 200); LGG: Brain Lower Grade Glioma (n = 516); LIHC: Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (n = 377); LUAD: Lung Adenocarcinoma (n = 585); LUSC: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (n = 504); MESO: Mesothelioma (n = 87); OV: Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma (n = 608) PAAD: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (n = 185); PCPG: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (n = 179); PRAD: Prostate Adenocarcinoma (n = 500); READ: Rectum Adenocarcinoma (n = 172); SARC: Sarcoma (n = 261); SKCM: Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (n = 470); STAD: Stomach Adenocarcinoma (n = 443); TGCT: Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (n = 150); THCA: Thyroid Carcinoma (n = 507) THYM: Thymoma (n = 124); UCEC: Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (n = 560); UCS: Uterine Carcinosarcoma (n = 57); UVM: Uveal Melanoma (n = 80).
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PMID:Advancing Pan-cancer Gene Expression Survial Analysis by Inclusion of Non-coding RNA. 3160 16


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