Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have compared the levels of creatine kinase (CK) activity and the distribution of CK isoenzymes determined by agarose gel electrophoresis in normal colon, liver and lung tissues, and in colon, liver and lung adenocarcinomas, lung squamous cell carcinomas and lung carcinoids. Colon and lung adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas presented lower CK activity than the normal tissues and no differences were found between hepatocarcinoma and normal liver tissue. In contrast, lung carcinoids had higher CK activity than normal lung tissue. Type BB-CK was the predominant isoenzyme in normal lung, colon and liver tissues. Type MM isoenzyme was detected in normal lung and type MB-CK was found in normal colon. In most lung tumours the CK isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern did not change. However, no type BB-CK was detected in some hepatocarcinomas, type MM-CK decreased in lung carcinoids and type MB isoenzyme was not observed in colon adenocarcinomas. It is concluded that in most tumours there is a decrease in the expression of type B- and type M-CK subunits, whereas in lung carcinoid the expression of type B-CK activity increases. Thus, the increase in type BB-CK observed in the serum of patients with lung and colon adenocarcinomas is probably due mainly to enhanced enzyme release as a result of tumour cell necrosis.
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PMID:Creatine kinase activity and isoenzymes in lung, colon and liver carcinomas. 930 58

This study describes the MR appearances of malignant hypervascular liver lesions pre- and post-hepatic-arterial chemoembolization, with correlation to serial imaging and clinical responses. Eight patients with malignant hypervascular liver lesions underwent pretreatment and posttreatment MR examination on a 1.5-T MR imager. MR sequences included T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo (SGE), T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo or turbo spin echo, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced SGE images. All patients underwent pretreatment, initial posttreatment, and subsequent posttreatment MR studies. The histology of primary tumors included various types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (four patients: fibrolamellar HCC [one patient], HCC [two patients], mixed HCC/cholangiocarcinoma [one patient]) and liver metastases (four patients: untyped islet cell tumor [two patients], gastrinoma [one patient], carcinoid [one patient]). Response to chemoembolization was determined by three assessments: MR response, serial imaging response, and clinical response. The appearance of MR response to chemoembolization was determined based on the correlation with clinical and serial imaging response. The MR response of lesions that showed good clinical response included: increase in signal intensity on T1-weighted images (three patients), decrease in signal intensity on T2-weighted images (three patients), and negligible or minimal enhancement on immediate postgadolinium images (four patients) after chemoembolization. The most marked change in lesion appearance was observed in lesions < or = 1 cm, which had intense homogeneous enhancement on pretreatment MR studies and negligible enhancement on initial posttreatment MR examinations. MR response of lesions that showed moderate clinical response demonstrated a variety of lesion appearances from substantial change to minimal change. MR response of lesions that showed poor clinical response demonstrated no change in lesion appearances compared with the pretreatment MR study. Our results demonstrated change in appearance of liver lesions between pre- and post-hepatic-arterial chemoembolization MR studies. MR response correlated with response determined by serial imaging studies and clinical findings.
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PMID:Malignant hepatic tumors: changes on MRI after hepatic arterial chemoembolization--preliminary findings. 950 Feb 60

Upper abdominal exenteration for upper abdominal malignancies was carried out in 15 patients with removal of the liver, spleen, pancreas, duodendum, all or part of the stomach, proximal jejunum and ascending and transverse colon. Organ replacement was with the liver, pancreas and duodenum plus, in some cases, a short segment of jejunum. Eleven of the 15 patients survived for more than 4 months; 2 died, after 61/2 and 10 months, of recurrent tumor. Of the 9 patients who are surviving after 61/2 to 14 months, recurrent tumor is suspected in only 1 and proven in none. Four patients with sarcomas and carcinoid tumors (2 each) have had no recurrences. The other 5 survivors had duct cell cancers (3 examples), a cholangiocarcinoma (1 example), and a hepatoma (1 example). The experience so far supports further cautious trials with this drastic cancer operation.
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PMID:Treatment of upper abdominal malignancies with organ cluster procedures. 1014 61

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of benign liver lesions in patients with breast cancer who are referred to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for suspected breast cancer metastases at initial presentation. The original MR imaging reports of consecutive patients with breast cancer were reviewed; these patients had undergone MR imaging at our institution to investigate for suspected breast cancer liver metastases, at initial presentation between April 1993 and May 1998. Determination of the presence of benign and malignant liver lesions in each patient was made, as well as their relative frequencies. Diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging was evaluated by correlation with histologic specimens (5 patients) and imaging follow-up (27 patients). Thirty-four patients with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma were evaluated with MR imaging. A total of 11 (32%) of these patients had benign lesions only. Of 21 (62%) total patients who had malignant liver lesions, 19 had breast cancer metastases (2 had coexistent benign lesions), 1 had metastatic carcinoid, and 1 had hepatocellular carcinoma. No liver lesions were detected in two patients (6%). In one patient with biopsy-proven subcentimeter breast metastases, no focal lesions were shown on MR imaging. No other diagnostic errors in classification of liver lesions by MR imaging occurred, as shown by clinical correlation and imaging follow-up in all patients. True positive detection of malignant liver lesion was 20/21, true negative was 13/13, false positive was 0/13, and false negative was 1/21, for a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of malignant liver lesions. Benign liver lesions are common in breast cancer patients suspected clinically of having liver metastases. Benign lesions alone were observed in one-third of our patients. The high diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging in the evaluation of hepatic lesions underscores the value of this technique for baseline investigation of breast cancer patients with clinically suspected liver metastases, particularly patients in whom treatment approaches are dramatically affected by the presence of liver metastases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:165-169.
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PMID:Common occurrence of benign liver lesions in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer investigated by MRI for suspected liver metastases. 1044 Oct 20

In a review of 79 cases of gall bladder malignancy, nineteen cases were labelled as unusual tumors while sixty were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Alcian blue, PAS, Grimelius' and Masson trichrome stains were done. Expression of EMA, CEA and desmin was assessed (PAP). Histological subtype was revised, in eleven cases out of 19. Five tumors initially diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma were found to be positive for mucin and CEA and hence were reclassified as adenosquamous carcinoma. Three undifferentiated carcinomas and two malignant carcinoids were labelled as adenocarcinoma and composite tumor respectively. Positive reactivity with CEA and alcian blue PAS and absence of AFP helped in differentiating one giant cell carcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma. No definite marker could be identified in one case of malignant mesenchymal tumor. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry also helped in confirming the diagnosis of three cases of carcinoma in situ, one of malignant carcinoid and three of clear cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Diagnostic distinction between unusual malignant tumors of gall bladder by histochemistry and antigenic phenotype. 1063 74

Cryosurgery is an old technique which is being used for hepatic tumors as an adjuvant to hepatic resection. We recently treated 7 patients with multiple malignant liver tumors, 5 of whom had colorectal metastases, 1 carcinoid metastases, and 1 multiple hepatic lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma. 6 underwent combined liver resection and cryoablation of lesions in the remaining liver. In the 7th patient, only cryoablation was performed because hepatic resection was rejected and there was an extrahepatic metastasis. The advantages of this treatment are removal or destruction of all liver lesions found by any method, including intraoperative ultrasound examination, maximal preservation of normal liver parenchyma and that it is curative in patients inoperable by standard criteria.
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PMID:[Combined treatment of hepatic tumors by cryosurgery and resection: first results]. 1090 52

Cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) are low molecular weight cytokeratins. Their anatomic distribution is generally restricted to epithelia and their neoplasms. We surveyed 435 epithelial neoplasms from various organ systems by immunohistochemistry using CK 7 and CK 20 monoclonal antibodies. Expression of CK 7 was seen in the majority of cases of carcinoma, with the exception of those carcinomas arising from the colon, prostate, kidney, and thymus; carcinoid tumors of the lung and gastrointestinal tract origin; and Merkel cell tumor of the skin. The majority of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of various origins were negative for CK 7, except cervical squamous cell carcinoma, in which 87% of cases were positive. Approximately two thirds of cases of malignant mesothelioma were CK 7-positive. CK 20 positivity was seen in virtually all cases of colorectal carcinomas and Merkel cell tumors. CK 20-positive staining was also observed in cases of pancreatic carcinomas (62%), gastric carcinoma (50%), cholangiocarcinomas (43%), and transitional cell carcinomas (29%). The expression of CK 20 was virtually absent in carcinomas from other organ systems and in malignant mesothelioma. CK 7- and CK 20-negative epithelial neoplasms included adrenal cortical carcinoma, germ cell tumor, prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases. 1100 36

The use of helical CT, infusing pump and non-ionic contrast media has enabled the evaluation of different hepatic circulatory phases during contrast injection. Starting the acquisition of scans 20 to 30 seconds after the injection at a rate of 3 to 4 ml/sec the arterial enhancing of the liver is depicted. THROMBOSIS OR COMPRESSION OF THE PORTAL VEIN: Hypervascular triangle-shaped was with peripheral base can be seen, secondary to the increased arterial flow to compensate for the diminished portal flow. ARTERIOPORTAL SHUNTS: This condition can be caused by tumors such hepatocellular adenocarcinomas and hemangiomas, trauma, interventional procedures, cirrhosis, AVMs and surgery. INFLAMMATORY LESIONS: Hypervascular areas can be seen during the arterial phase in abscesses or cholecystitis, returning to their normal condition in the arterial phase. ANATOMIC VARIANTS: Third veins coming from the periphery (capsular veins, accessory cystic vein and an aberrant gastric vein) supply enhanced blood earlier than the portal circulation. OTHER CAUSES: In liver cirrhosis diffuse hyperattenuated areas can be seen during the arterial circulation. In right-sided heart failure, pericardial disease and Budd-Chiari Syndrome, "mosaic areas" can also be noted. In other patients these perfusion disorders were considered unknown. TUMORS: The well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma is a lesion with a predominant arterial blood supply, thus appearing in general hyperdense in this phase. Hemangiomas may appear as highly hyperdense lesions in the arterial phase and can be misinterpreted as HCC if smaller than 2 cm. (30% of cases). Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign lesion (vascular malformation associated with focal nodules of hepatocellular hyperplasia) with increased arterial blood supply. Hepatic adenomas show an important hypervascularity during the arterial phase and, if large, they may present a small central scar and or capsule. Low or high-grade dysplastic nodules can sometimes be seen as hypervascular areas during the arterial phase. Although most metastasis are depicted as hypodense lesions sometimes they can show arterial hypervascularity such as carcinoid and pancreatic islet cell metastasis.
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PMID:[Liver hyperdensity during arterial phase on CT exams]. 1147 23

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase is a biotransformation enzyme which is involved in the hydrolysis of various epoxides and epoxide intermediates. In the present study, its distribution was investigated in both normal human tissues and human tumours of different histogenetic origin using immunohistochemical techniques. In normal tissue, epithelial cells were more often and more intensely immunostained than mesenchymal cells. The main epithelial cell types expressing microsomal epoxide hydrolase were hepatocytes, acinus cells of the pancreas, and cells of salivary and adrenal glands. Immunostained cells of mesenchymal origin included monocytes, fibrocytes, fibroblasts, vessel endothelium, muscle cells, and cells of the reproductive system. Three patterns of expression were observed in tumour tissues: (1) moderate or strong in hepatocellular carcinomas, tumours of the adrenal gland, and theca-fibromas of the ovary; (2) inhomogeneous staining pattern of variable intensity in breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal carcinomas, carcinoid tumours, and some tumours of mesenchymal origin; and (3) no expression in malignant melanomas, malignant lymphomas, and renal carcinomas. These data indicate that microsomal epoxide hydrolase expression is not restricted to tissue of any particular histogenetic origin. Nonetheless, immunohistochemical identification of microsomal epoxide hydrolase may be helpful in some well-defined histological settings, for example, confirmation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Distribution of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in humans: an immunohistochemical study in normal tissues, and benign and malignant tumours. 1175 9

Bradykinin (BK) has multiple pathophysiologic functions such as induction of vascular permeability and mitogenesis, and it triggers the release of other mediators such as nitric oxide in inflammatory and cancer tissues. To explore the pathophysiologic roles of BK in tumor, we examined the distribution of BK B2 receptors in human adenocarcinoma (lung, stomach), lymphoma (lymph node), hepatoma, squamous cell carcinoma (lung) and carcinoid (duodenum), and in mouse colon adenocarcinoma 38 (C-38) and sarcoma 180 (S-180) tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues with an anti-BK B2 receptor antibody, or autoradiography with the B2 receptor antagonist [125I]HOE 140 (D-Arg-[Hyp Thi D-Tic Oic8]-BK) and the B2 receptor agonist [3H]BK indicated the presence of B2 receptors in all human tumor cells and murine S-180 and C-38 cells. Specific binding of [3H]HOE 140 was observed in S-180 cells with a Kd of 2.1 nM. Binding of [125I]HOE 140 to S-180 cells was competed by an excess amount (20-100 times) of nonradiolabeled HOE 140 or BK, but not by BK B1 receptor agonist des-Arg9-BK. These results provide direct evidence that the BK B2 receptor is expressed in human cancer and experimental murine tumors, which suggests a potential role for BK in inducing pathologic signal transduction in cancer growth and progression, nitric oxide production and vascular permeability enhancement in tumors. BK antagonists may thus have applications in the modulation of cancer growth and in paraneoplastic syndromes.
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PMID:Identification of bradykinin receptors in clinical cancer specimens and murine tumor tissues. 1185 81


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